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SOUTHEAST ASIA Mainland and Insular
Regions
E. J. PALKA
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 2
Setting the Boundaries Two sub-regions: Mainland and Insular
Southeast Asia 11 countries; 10 of which are in the
Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN)
Formerly known as Indochina Highlights influence of India and China
MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES
A FRAGMENTED REALM OF NUMEROUS ISLAND COUNTRIES AND PENINSULAS
PHYSIOGRAPHY DOMINATED BY HIGH RELIEF, CRUSTAL INSTABILITY, AND TROPICAL CLIMATES
EXHIBITS CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHATTER BELT
POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND CONFLICT CLUSTERED POPULATION PATTERNS POOR INTRAREGIONAL COMMUNICATIONS CULTURAL FRAGMENTATION (COMPLEX
ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC, AND RELIGIOUS PATTERNS)
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,
Price, and Wyckoff 4
Southeast Asia
Figure 13.1
SOUTHEASTASIA
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,
Price, and Wyckoff 6
Physical Landscapes
Mainland Deltaic
environments Tropical monsoon
forest Insular
Archipelagic environments
Sunda Shelf
Deltaic Environment
Figure 13.6
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 7
Natural Hazards
Mud Volcano in Indonesia
Tsunami Damage in Banda Aceh
Figure 13.8
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,
Price, and Wyckoff 8
Climate
Figure 13.7
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 9
Figure 13.3
Environmental Issues – Overview
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,
Price, and Wyckoff 10
Deforestation in Southeast Asia
Export-oriented logging
Denuded landscapes, damaged watersheds, reduced biodiversity
National parks and protected areas
Figure 13.4
Deforestation
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 11
Figure 13.0
Figure 13.2.1
Luzon, Philippines
Oil Palm Plantations
LOGGING ON BORNEO
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 13
Agriculture
Harvesting Tea in Indonesia
Figure 13.11
Swidden Agriculture and the “Golden Triangle”
Figure 13.12
BURNING RAINFOREST DEBRIS
REASONS TO “SLASH AND BURN” ?
To eliminate the canopy of the trees in the rainforest allowing sunlight to enter
To add a fertilizer to the impoverished soil in the form of nitrogen and carbon
To eradicate competing vegetation that exists in the rainforest environment
To alter the acidity of the soil which hampers the growth of the crops
SWIDDEN ESTABLISHED
REASONS TO ABANDON FARMS
RAPID DETERIORATION OF THE SOIL DO LOSS OF THE LAYER OF ASH
SOIL EROSION DUE TO HEAVY PRECIPITATION OF THE RAINFOREST
INVASION OF THE SWIDDEN BY NATIVE VEGETATION AND PESTS
DECREASE IN THE YIELDS DUE TO ALL OF THE FACTORS MENTIONED ABOVE
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 19
Population
Figure 13.10
-Deltas-Coastal areas-Zones of fertile volcanic soil
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 20
Demographic Contrasts
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,
Price, and Wyckoff 21
Transmigration
Figure 13.14
Internal Relocation of Population
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 22
Contrasting Settlement Patterns
Rural Indonesia
Bangkok Figure 13.16
Figure 13.15
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,
Price, and Wyckoff 23
Cultural Coherence and Diversity
South Asian
Chinese
Islamic
Influences
Indonesia’s Largest Mosque
Figure 13.19
ETHNICITY
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 25
Linguistic Diversity
Figure 13.20
Burmese Script
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 26
Religious Diversity
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff
Global Context of Southeast Asian Culture
Figure 13.23
Buddhist Monks in a Burmese Market
Filipina Musician in Hong Kong
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 28
Colonialism in Southeast Asia
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 29
Geopolitical Framework
COLONIAL SPHERES IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
A SYSTEMATIC FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY THAT FOCUSES ON THE SPATIAL EXPRESSIONS OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
KEY TERMS SUPRANATIONALISM BALKANIZATION IRREDENTISM GEOPOLITICS DEVOLUTION
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY(CONTINUED)
STATE TERRITORIAL MORPHOLOGY COMPACT- CAMBODIA PROTRUDED (EXTENDED)- THAILAND ELONGATED (ATTENUATED)-
VIETNAM FRAGMENTED- PHILIPPINES PERFORATED- SOUTH AFRICA
THE IMPACT OF SHAPE?
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY(CONTINUED)
BOUNDARIES DEFINITION VS DELIMITATION VS
DEMARCATION MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS
GEOMETRIC PHYSIOGRAPHIC ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHIC
GENETIC CLASSIFICATIONS ANTECEDENT SUBSEQUENT SUPERIMPOSED RELICT
GENETIC CLASSIFICATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
ANTECEDENT
INDONESIA
MALAYSIA
BRUNEI
SUPERIMPOSED
INDONESIA
PAPUANEW GUINEA
RELICT BOUNDARY
VIETNAM
FORMER NORTH
FORMER SOUTH
SUBSEQUENT BOUNDARY
LAOS
CHINA
SOUTH CHINASEA
VIETNAM
SHAPES OF
STATES
COMPACT STATE
CAMBODIA
A POLITICO-GEOGRAPHIC TERM TO DESCRIBE A STATE THAT POSSESSES A CIRCULAR, OVAL, OR RECTANGULAR TERRITORY IN WHICH THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER TO ANY POINT ON THE BOUNDARY EXHIBITS LITTLE VARIATION
CAMBODIA, URUGUAY, AND POLAND ARE EXAMPLES.
ELONGATED STATE
VIETNAM A STATE WHOSE TERRITORY IS DECIDEDLY LONG AND NARROW; ITS LENGTH IS AT LEAST SIX TIMES GREATER THAN ITS AVERAGE WIDTH
CHILE, VIETNAM, AND LAOS ARE CLASSIC EXAMPLES.
PROTRUDED STATE
THAILAND A TYPE OF TERRITORIAL SHAPE THAT EXHIBITS A NARROW, ELONGATED LAND EXTENSION LEADING AWAY FROM THE MAIN BODY OF THE TERRITORY
THAILAND AND MYANMAR ARE LEADING EXAMPLES.
FRAGMENTED STATE
A STATE WHOSE TERRITORY CONSISTS OF SEVERAL SEPARATED PARTS, NOT A CONTIGUOUS WHOLE
THE INDIVIDUAL PARTS MAY BE ISOLATED FROM EACH OTHER BY THE LAND AREA OF OTHER STATES OR BY INTERNATIONAL WATERS.
PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA ARE ALSO EXAMPLES.
MALAYSIA
SOUTHEAST ASIAMainland and Insular
Regions
E. J. PALKA