SOUTH AFRICA

HISTORY OF COLONIZATION• Originally grew due

to gold trade

• European countries

fought for control of it-England won

• England exploited its

resources and people

APARTHEID IN S. AFRICA• Means “apart-hood,”

to be separated-segregated whites from

all non-whites

-became official in 1948

• Based on racism• Kept South Africa's

white minority in power-the best farm land,

natural resources

• Denied rights to non-whites

APARTHEID IN S. AFRICA, CON’T

• Ethnic groups in 1945-white (15%), “colored” (8.5%), Indian (2.5%),

native black (74%)

• Created separate

“homelands” for each

group in S. Africa-illegal to live/own land

in a different one

Purple = Black homelands

UNDER APARTHEID• Blacks received:

-the worst land-the worst jobs-the worst housing-the worst schools

• Blacks denied basic civil rights -couldn’t vote-couldn’t move about freely

PROTESTING APARTHEID

• African National Congress-Nelson Mandela

• Government

imprisoned /

“silenced”

all opposition

THE END OF APARTHEID• Ended in 1989

-foreign nations imposed economic sanctions

• S. Africa adopted a new constitution protecting

EVERYONE’S rights• Nelson Mandela

elected President of S. Africa (1994)

LASTING EFFECTS OF APARTHEID

• Mass of poor, uneducated blacks

• Few job opportunities for blacks

• Two distinct societies in S. Africa

• Black shantytowns

-housing shortage too

PROTEST POSTERS