Sources of Energy• Can you identify the 7 different sources of

energy depicted in this drawing?

Sources of Energy

Coal

Natural Gas

Oil

Nuclear

Hydro

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Tidal

Sources of Energy• 1. Fossil Fuels 70%

– Coal 52%– Natural Gas 15%– Oil 3%

• 2. Nuclear 19%• 3. Hydro electric 9%• 4. Wind 0.5%• 5. Solar 0.5%• 6.Geothermal 0.5%• 7. Tidal 0.5%

– Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides from the ocean into electricity or other useful forms of power

Explain how Electricity is produced

• it is produced by generators

• They may range in size from something you can hold to the size of a house

• It converts mechanical energy into electric energy

• In the case of a power station – rotating turbines provide the mechanical energy– Ex. Moving water in a hydroelectric generating station– Ex. Expanding steam production by burning coal, oil or

gas– Ex. Nuclear reactors produces heat when atoms split

and then it converts the steam into electricity

Utility-operated Generating Stations, 1997: By Technology

       Hydro-electric

       Tidal

       Internal Combustion

      Combustion Turbine

       Steam Plant

       Nuclear Plant

       Wind Energy

Sources of Energy

• Solar

Source Pros Cons

Sun free source unlimited env. friendly

not efficient expensive set-up

Solar Energy

Sources of Energy

• Geothermal

Source Pros Cons

Natural heat coming from the Earth

free source unlimited env. friendly

expensive set-up few locations

Geothermal Energy

Sources of Energy

• Hydro

Source Pros Cons

Moving river water cheap source env. friendly recreation

flooding impacts expensive set-up

Niagara Falls – Canada and USA

Example of Hydroelectric Power – a dam

Hydro

Sources of Energy

• Wind

Source Pros Cons

Moving air free source env. friendly

expensive set-up eyesore, birds inconsistent source

Sources of Energy

• Nuclear

Source Pros Cons

Atom splitting not expensive source

lots of source

safety concerns expensive set-up weapons possible

Darlington Nuclear Power Plant, 70 km East of Toronto

There are three nuclear powerStations. Darlington and Pickering (right) are publicly owned, while the Bruce Nuclear Plant (above) is privately owned.

Sources of Energy

• Fossil Fuels

Source Pros Cons

Burning of coal, oil, or natural gas

not expensive source or set-up

readily available

environment not renewable

There are five fossil fuel power stations in Ontario. Nanticoke along Lake Erie(right) is the largest and the greatest air pollution source in Ontario.

Why do the nuclear and the fossil Why do the nuclear and the fossil fuel generating stations need to fuel generating stations need to

be near the lakes?be near the lakes?

Need large amounts of water to Need large amounts of water to produce steam and to cool down produce steam and to cool down

steam pipes steam pipes

Saved by the Bell: Oil Episode

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GKKhacdzfQ

• 5 mins

Saving Energy at Home

• 1. air leaks (40%!)

• 2. insulation

• 3. heating & cooling equipment

• 4. appliance efficiency and use

• 5. lighting types and uses

• 6. window shades

• 7. thermostat levels

Air Leaks in the House

1. Chimney 2. Bathroom fans 3. Plumbing vents 4. Soffit vents 5. Blower door 6. Header space where floor joints of structure meet top of basement walls. 7. Air infiltration from where baseboardsmeet the floor. 8. Ceiling light outlets 9. Air conditioning units/vents 10. Air extraction fans in kitchen 11. Air infiltration around windows 12. Warm air loss through unsealed fireplace chimney 13. Unsealed openings in walls for services. 14. Furnace. 15. Dryer vents

Newer homes nowadays, are very energy efficient because they are sealed tight, therefore not allowing much air to escape, saving energy. This reduces heaters in the winter and air conditioners in the summer months. Some homes are so energy efficient they are rated Energy star homes or R 2000.

Energy Textbook Questions - Answers

• Definitions:• Biomass Energy: energy produced by combusting biomass

materials such as wood, peat and manure

• Joule: metric unit used to measure energy

• Anticlinal traps: dome shaped structure of rock layers created by folding. Oil and gas are often found in these traps

• Oil Sand: mixture of heavy crude oil, sand and water

• Bitumen: in oil sand deposits each grain of sand is covered by a layer of water and a heavy oil or black tar called bitumen. Processed into synthetic crude oil.

Energy Textbook Questions - Answers

• Depleted: used up

• Hydroelectric Generating Station: facility that generates electricity by the movement of falling water

•  Nuclear electric Generating Station: place where energy, in the form of heat, is generated by splitting atoms of radioactive materials, then is used to generate electricity

• Thermoelectric Generating Station: electrical power plant where electricity is generated from energy produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas

 • Power Grid: system of electrical power lines that connects large

generating station to buildings where people use electricity

3. What is the difference between “Flowing Wells” and “Non- Flowing Wells”?

• Removal of oil and gas from the ground takes place in one of two ways, depending on the nature of the deposits:

• Flowing Wells – some wells have enough natural pressure to force the oil and gas to the surface. At the surface, the flow is controlled by a series of values

• Non – Flowing Wells – if there is not enough pressure to make the oil and gas flow to the surface, electric or gasoline powered pumps must be used

• -Oil is then removed from a deposit; scientists have created a variety of methods to remove more of the remaining oil. This is called secondary recovery

Textbook questions cont’d

6a. Describe the Geologic characteristics that must exist for oil and natural gas to be trapped in rock.

Geological characteristics that must exist for oil and natural gas to be trapped in rock:

• A geologic history that would allow oil and gas to develop – - remains of dead plants and animals, built up in thick layers,

covered by sand and silt, into sedimentary rock. Also needs bacterial action, heat and pressure

• A layer of porous rock that holds the oil and gas• Upper and lower layers of non-porous rock that form a trap for the

oil and gas. Anticlinal traps have these.

# 7. What are oil sands and how to do they contribute to Canada’s energy supply?

• Oil production includes both conventional crude oil that is pumped from the ground and synthetic crude oil created from a special substance called oil sand, which is mined.

• An oil like substance called bitumen is found around individual sand particles. It is the bitumen that is further processed to make synthetic crude oil. We use this crude oil for daily energy use.

#9 the Oil industry takes to find and develop oil and gas

• Finding oil and gas in amounts that will make their recovery worthwhile is a challenging task. Geologists must look for special geological structures that have trapped oil and gas. What makes the search difficult is that these structures may be many hundreds of meters underground. There is no guarantee that oil and gas will be found within it.

• Geologists use many tricks to search for oil and gas:– Looking for rocks on the surface that contains traces of oil– Searching for clues, like fossils, in the sedimentary rock that indicate the

right conditions for the formation of oil and gas– Using geological information obtained from the drill cores of oil wells in the

same general area– Conducting seismic surveys, which use shock waves to locate oil and gas

bearing rock structure

• Presence of oil and gas can be determined only by drilling

Textbook questions cont’d

13. Identify the regions that depend mainly on thermoelectric power and those that depend primarily on hydroelectric power?

• Regions that depend mainly on thermoelectric power – Alberta, Saskatchewan, Southern Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and PEI

• Regions that depend mainly on hydroelectric power – B.C. , Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba

14. Why does Canada import and export energy

products? Consider oil and electricity.

•  Oil – Supertankers carry crude oil from such exporting areas as the Middle East, South America, Africa to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Maine, USA. As a result, the market east of Ontario and Quebec border is supplied mainly with imported oil. On the other hand, pipelines from western Canada enable the export of huge amounts of Canadian oil to the US as well as supplying Canadian needs west of Ontario.

• Electricity – Electricity is moved between provinces and Canada and the USA by high voltage transmission lines. The US buys electricity from Canada in the summer when its air conditioning needs are high. Canada buys power from the US in the winter when our heating demands are high.