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Sound Wave
Sound wave is a mechanical wavethat requires a medium for its
propagation.
Therefore sound wave cannot propagate in vacuum.
The medium for propagation can be solid, liquid or gas.
Sound waves propagate fastest in solidand slowest in gas.
Sound Wave as a Longitudinal Wave
Sound wave is a series of compression and rarefactionof layers
of air molecules
repeatedly through space.
The forward and backward vibration of the air molecules in the
direction of motion of a
sound wave shows that sound is a longitudinal wave.
Types of Sound Wave
uman ear is capable of hearing sound with frequency in the range
of !"# $
!","""#, and the sound wave with frequency in this range is
called an audio%Sonic
wave.
Sound wave with frequency lower than !"# is called an
&nfrasonic Wave.
Sound wave with frequency higher than !","""# is called an
'ltrasonic wave.
&nfrasonic (udio%Sonic 'ltrasonic
)!"#!"# $
!""""#
*!" k#
Speed of Sound Wave
speed of sound wave in solids is greater than in liquids, which
is greater than in gases.
Speed of sound in air is not affected by pressure, but is
affected by the
temperature.
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(s temperature increases, speedof sound in air +and other gases
is also
increases.
Sound usually
travels more slowly with
greater altitude, due to
reduced
temperature.Speed of
sound can be calculated bythe equation
-itch and Loudness
Loudnessis
influenced by the
amplitudeof the
sound wave.The
greater the
amplitude of sound
wave, the higher the loudness of the wave.
Thepitchof a sound is high or low of the sound. The pitch of
sound is determined by its
frequency. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch.
eflection of Sound Wave
The clicking
sound of the stop
watch can be
heared clearly
when the angle
of incidence, i is
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4iffraction of Sound Wave
The street cleaner can hear the sound of the radio even though
it is behind an obstacle.
10planation2
The sound of the radio spreads aroundthe corner of the wall due
to diffractionof sound
wave.
&nterference of Sound Wave
(lternating loud and soft soundsare detected as the microphone
is moved
from left to right.
10planation2
The two loud speakers aresources of two coherent sound waves as
they are connected to
the same audio signal generator.
The alternating loud and soft sounds are caused by
interferenceof the sound wave.
5ormula of &nterference
Wavelength of the sound wave is given by the equation
