Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Hmw hmfyw

Jp-B-\ns BmhvHmw hmfyw

aplvbpo apl--Zv, Ccp-pgn

kvs{Sbvv ]mv JpB FUyp-t-j atcn

Quraninte Athmavu (Adhikr) Malayalam Vol-1 (Explanation of the Holy Quran) Author : Muhyudheen Mohammed Irumbuzhi Publishers : Straight path Quran Education PB.NO: 58, Manjeri - 676 121 E-mail: mail@straightpathonline.com Website: www.straightpathonline.com Type setting : Mohammed Kasim.P

Copyrights not reserved. Who ever likes may translate and distribute copies among people irrespective of nation or religion.

\n-bam-bnpw (apkvenw-Ifn\n-p) hnizm-kn-I, blq-Zcm-bn-p-h, {InkvXym-\n-Ifm-bn-p-h, km_nCu- (A-n-bm-cm-[I) Bcp-am-Is; Ah Amlp- h n- s \- s m- p w Ay- Z n- \ - s - s m- p w hniz- k n- pIbpw k-f\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp-hcmsWn Ahv X-fpsS dnsbSp- Ah-cpsS {]Xn^-e-ap--v. AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Sp-hm\pw Ahv ZpxJnm\pw CS-hcn-Ibpan-. (_Jd: 62) _Jd:

JpB kqd-p-I

kq-fpsS Fw

JpB kqd-p-I

kq-fpsS Fw

1. A^m-nl (BapJw) 2. A_Jd (]ip)

7 286 200 176 120 165 206 75 129 109 123 111

29. AAI-_qv (Nnen) 30. Adqw (tdm-a-m) 31. epJvam 32. APZ (km-mw-Kw) 33. AAlvkm_v (Iqp kw-Lm) 34. k_-Av 35. ^mXzn (hncn-n-ph) 36. bmko 37. Azm^mv (A-Wn-tNcp--h) 38. kzmZv (I-v) 39. Apa (Iq) 40. apAvan (kXyhn-izm-kn)

69 60 34 30 73 54 45 83 182 88 75 85 54 53 89 59 37 35 38 29 18 45

3. Ben-Cw-dm (Cw-dm IpSpw_w) 4. Ankm-Av (kv{XoI) 5. Aam-CZ 6. ABw 7. AAvdm^v 8. A^m 9. Au_ 10. bq\pkv 11. lqZv 12. bqkp^v 13. Ad-AvZv 14. C_vdmlow 15. AlnPv 16. Alv (ineIfpsS \mSv) (tX-\o-) (CSn-\m-Zw) (`-W--fn-I) (IpImen-I) (Xncn--dn-bp-h) (bp-apX-ep-I) (]-m-m-]w)

43 52 99 128 111 110 98 135 112 78

41. ^pn-ev (kv]-am-bXv) 42. Aqd (IqSn-bm-temN\) 43 ApKvdp^v (\h-c-Xv\-) 44. Ap-Jm (]pI]Sew) 45. APmknb (app-Ip-p-Xv) 46. AAlv-Jm^v (aWq-\-I) 47. apl-Zv 48. A^Xvlv (Pbn--S-) 49. AlpPvdmv (A-d-I) 50. Jm^v

17. ACkvdmAv(cm{]-bmWw) 18. AIlv^v 19. adnbw 20. Xzmlm 21. AAn-bm-Av ({]-hm-N-I-m) 22. Alv (Xom-S-\w) (Kpl)

23. Aap-Avan\q(kXyhn-izm-knI) 118 24. Aq ({]-Im-iw) 25. A^pJm(k-Xym-kXy hnth-N\ am\-ZWvUw) 26. Ap-A-dm-Av (I-hn-I) 27. Awev (D-dp-v)

51. Am-cn-bmv (hnX-dp Imp-I) 60 52. Azq (Xq ]-Xw) 53. APvav (XmcIw) 54. AJa (N{)

64 77

49 62 55 78

227 93 88

55. Adlvam (]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I)

56. Ahm-JnA(Hgn-p-Iq-Smkw`hw 96 57. AlZoZv (Ccp-v)

28. AJkkv (kw`h Ncn{Xw)

29

JpB kqd-p-I

Bb-p-IfpsS Fw

JpB kqd-p-I

Bb-p-IfpsS Fw

58. AapPm-Zne (Xn-p--h) 59. Aliv (Hcp-anpIqS)

22 24

86. Azm-cnJv (Ay-bm-a-n DZn-p-Xv) 87. AAAvem(AXyp--X) 88. AKm-jnb (aqSp--hn-\mikw`-hw)

17 19 26 30 20 15 21

60. AapwX-ln\(]-co-n-th) 13 61. Az^v^v (bp-ap--Wn) 62. APpapA (H-n-p-Iq-S)

1489. A^Pv ({]`m-Xw hnS-c)

1190. A_eZv (\mSv) 91. Awkv (kq-cy) (cm{Xn)

63. Aap\m-^n-Jq(I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I) 11 64. A-Km-_p (em`-\Zn-\w) 65. Az-emJv (hnhm-l-tam-N-\w) 66. Alvcow (\ntcm-[-\w) 67. Aapv (B[n-]-Xyw) 68. AJew (t]\)

1892. Ass

1293. Aplm (sXfn {]`m-Xthf) 11

1294. Alv (hnim-e-X) (An-a-cw) (c--)

8 8 19 5 8 8 11 11 8 3 9 5 4

3095. Ao

52 52 44 28 28

96. AeJv

69. AlmJ (Dd kw`hw) 70. AaB-cnPv(tImWnSn-I) 71. \qlv

97. AJZv (\nW-bw) 98. A_n\ (hy-am-bXv) 99. Aknkne(`qan-Ip-ep-w) 100. ABZnbmv(]-S-p-Xn-c-I) 101. AJm-cnA (alm kw`-hw) 102. A-Im-kp(s]cpa\Sn-p--h) 103. A-A-kz (Imew) 104. Alp-ak (Bt]I)

72. APnv

73. Aapk-n(]pX-n--s--h) 20 74. Aap-kn (]pXv aqSn-b-h) 75. AJnbma (Ay-Zn\w) 76. ACkm (a\p-jy) 77. Aapk-emv(XpSm-p-I) 78. A_-Av (hrmw)

56 40 31

105. A^o

(B\) (Jpssd-in-I)

50106. Jpssdiv

40107. Aam-Du (klmb hkvXp-) 7 108. AIu-k- ([m-cm-fw)

79. Am-kn-Bv(Ducn-sb-Sp-p-h) 46

3 6 3 5 4 5 6

80. A_k (s\-n-Np-fn-p) 81. AIvho(Npcp-) 82. AC^n-Xzm(s]mn-n-f-c) 83. AapX-^v^n-^o(A-fhpXq-- eLq-I-cn-p--h)

42109. AIm^n-dq(kXy\n-tj-[n-I)

29 19 36

110. A-kzv (Znhy-k-lm-bw) 111. AakZv (]\-\m-cv) 112. ACJvemkv (\njvI-f-X) 113. A^eJv ({]`m-Xw)

84. ACinJmJv(s]mn-hnSc) 85. A_pdqPv (tIm-I)

25114. Amkv (a\p-jykaqlw)

22 samw kq-

6236

A[ym-b{Iaw A[ymbwt]Pv

apJ-hpc 1. A^m-nl 2. A_-Jd 3. Ben-Cw-dm 4. An-km-Av 5. amCZ 6. ABw ]Z-kq-NnI

8 49 94 279 383 495 576 678

8

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bpamb Am-lp-hns \maw-sImv

apJ-hpcBIm-i`q-an-Ifpw Ah-bvn-Sbn-ep k-kzhpw Cm-bvabn \npw Bdp\m-fp-Ifnembn krn k-{k-mhv {XnIm-em-\n-bm-Wv. Ahs hN-\fmb - Jp-B {XnIm-e-m-\-hp-am-Wv. AXnse aqn-semv kq- Ign-p-t]m-bXpw, aqn-sem-v kq- \S-n-ep-Xpw, aqn-semv kq- hcm-\n-cn-p kw`h-fpsS ap-dn-bn-p-am-Ip-p. BZyw Xs Ah Ahs {XnIm-e-m-\amb Jp-B-\m-Ip {Kw, kpc-n-X-amb ^e-I-n tcJ-sSpnkqn-p (A _pdq-Pv: 21-22, A hmJznA: 77-78 t\mpI). AXn-s\ AInXm_v Fp]-d-bp-p. a\p-jy: Rm, \o Fsms ]d-bp-Xv Cu ImWp ico-c-s-b! adnv \^vkns\(B-m-hv)bmWv. AXn\v k-cn-p-hm-\p hml-\amWv ico-cw. amXm-hn-sbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw C{n-b-p-n-I-fpsS Awi- Iqn tbmPn-nv k {kmhv hnI-kn-n-pmnb aIq-S-amWXv. a\pjycn BZys\ (BZw) krn-tmXs {kmh,v H Bm-hn\nv Ay-\mh-sc-bp apgp-h a\p-jyscbpw (Bm-hv) kzK-n krn-p (A-n-km-Av: 1, AAvdm^v: 189, kpa: 6 t\mpI). BZw k-XnI-fpsS apXpIpIfn\nv Ay-\mh-sc-bp Ah-cpsS kXn]c-cIsf ]pd-s-Spv, Ah- Hmtcmcp-tcmSpw ""Rm\-tbm \n-fpsS - DS-a-bmb dv (DS-a)?'' Fv {kmhv tNmZn-p. A-tm Ah Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]dp: ""AsX \mYm, R kmywhln-p-p''. (AAvdm^v: 172-173 t\mpI). tijw Ahsc \no-h-cm-n, BZ-ans apXp-Intev Xs aSn. Awkv: 16 kq-fn {]Xy-amb Bdv Imcy-sf (kqcy\pw AXns NqtS-dnb {]Im-ihp--am-Wv, AXns\ XpSv hcp N{\pw tim`-bm {]Im-i-hpamWv, ]I-ens {]Im-iabamb {]Xy-s-Sem-W,v cm{Xn-bpsS Ccp aqS-em-W,v taem- - mbn kwhn-[m-\n BIm-i-am-Wv, H-I--n-bpsS ap-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn kwhn-[m\n `qan-bp-am-Wv) BW-bn-p-sImv; 710 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Bmhns\ Ah kpe\-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXns ZpamKhpw kamKhpw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. A-tm BcmtWm kzw B-m-hn-s\ ipo-I-cn-Xv (Xncn--dn--Xv), Ah hnP-bn-p. BcmtWm AXns\ Zpjn-n-Xv (Xncn--dn-bm--Xv), Ah ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp (_eZv: 10, Ckm: 3 t\mpI). Adlvam: 14 kq--fn, ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-I a\pjys\ Jp-B ]Tn-n-p, a\p-jys\ krn-p, Ah\v AXns hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw (_bm) ]Tn-np Fp-]-d-n-p-v (Jzn-bma: 19 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). ChnsS Jp-B ]Tn-np Fv BZyw]-d-Xns hnh-, kzK-nshv Fm a\p-jypw kamKhpw

v

apJ-hpc

9

ZpamKhpamb Jp-B-\ns Bm-hv ]Tn-np Fm-Wv. ]nsbmWv a\p-jysc (icocw) `qan-bn krn-p--Xv. tijw Ahs\ Jp-B-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw ]Tn-n-p. icocw: apn-bm i-ap-m-p, Hn-n-Sn-p, ZpKw han-p, Idp Ifn-ap-sImv, Ipi-h Nn-bp-m-p-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv {kmhv BZ-ans ico-cap-mn-bXv (ln-Pn: 26), ]ns Ahs\ cq]-s-Sp-n, {km-hns dqlv (Po-h+Bmhv) AXn DuXn (lnPv: 29, kzmZv: 72) BZ-ans \^vkn\n-mWv AXns CW-bmb "l'sb krn--Xv. ""Ah-fn \nv Ah-fpsS CWsb krn-p''. (BWn-sbpw s]n-sbpw \^vkn-s\bpw, kv{XobpsS ico-csbpw kv{Xoenw-Kn-epw, ]pcp-js ico-cs ]pnw-Kn-ep-amWv Jp-B\n {]tbm-Kn-n-p-Xv (An-km-Av: 1- t\mpI). ]nXmhpw amXm-hp-an-m Am-lp-hns krn-n\v DZm-l-cWamWv BZw. amXm-hn-m krn-n\v DZm-l-cWamWv l. ]nXm-hn-m krn-n\v DZm-lcWamWv Cu-k. (A-t-lns icocw ""Dm-hpI''F hN-\am-WA-n-km-A:v 171 v t\mp-I). ]nXmhpw amXmhpw ]pWp-sIm-p krn-n\v DZm-lcWamWv \msa- - m-hcpw. a\p-jys\ Hcp Iyq-dn-t\mSv D]-an-p-Ibm-sW-n, icocw "lmUv shbdpw' Poh sshZyp-Xnbpw Bmhv "tkm^vv shb-dp-am'-sWv kn-mw. a\p-jysc krn-p--Xn\papv, XoPzm-e-bn\nv icocw krn--s Pnp-I-fm-bn-cpp `qan-bn Amlphns {]Xn-\n-[n-I- (lnPv: 27). ]noSh {]mXn-\n-[yw \n-hln-msX `qan-bn \miwhnX-p sXm-Sn-Ifmbn amdn-btm, C_veokns t\Xr-Xz-n (Pnns] Ah Atm \ntj-[n-bm-bn-p-m-bncp-n-) ae-pI Ahsc ]q-ambpw \in-n-pI-bm-Wp-m-bXv. ]no-SmWv `qan-bn-tev {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Ab-mthn a\p-jysc krn-p--Xv. {kmhns dqln\nv, a\p-jy-\n Bhm-ln-nptm Pnns] C_veokv AS-ap aepIfpsS kZ-n-t\mSv BZ-an\v kpPqZv sNm Amlp I]n-p. C_veoskmgnsI as-m-hcpw kpPqZv sNbvXp. Xom krn-s F\nv an\m krn-s BZ-ans apn kpPqZv sNm ]p-Ibn-sv Ah Al-cn-p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn i]n--s-v, ImcpWyw hne--sv Ah kzKn\nv ]pd-m-s-p. XpS-v a-\p-jy-sc Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv hymtam-ln-nv hgn-]n-g-n-m Ah-kcw \I-W-sav Ah Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Xs Bh-iysp. \n-bn--s Ay-\mhsc Ah\v Am-lp Ah-kcw \IpIbpw, AXn-\p-th Fm Ign-hp-Ifpw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. (An-kmAv: 116-121 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I). C_veokv ]d--p: Atm \o B-cpsS Im-cy-n-emtWm Fs ey-t_m[w \jvSs-Spn ZpamKn-Ifn AI-s-Sp-n-bXv, Rm Ahpthn \ns "sNmmb amK-n' Ccn-p-dn-pI Xs sNpw. ]ns Rm Ah-cn, Ah-cpsS apn-eqsSbpw Ah-cpsS ]nn-eq-sSbpw Ah-cpsS he-Xp-`m-K-n-eq-sSbpw Ah-cpsS CS-Xp-`m-Kn-eq-sSbpw hcnIXs sNpw. Ah-cn A[n-It]-scbpw \nbp--h-cmbn \o Fn-p-I-bnXs (AAvdm^v: 16-17). Hm BZ-ta, \obpw \ns CWbpw Cu kzK-n Xma-kn-p-sIm-pI, \n

10

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

cp-t]cpw D-t-inpw{]Imcw kzK-n \np I\n-I btYjvSw `n-psIm-pI. Cu Hcp hr-ns I\nI \n cp-t]cpw Xn---cp-Xv. As\ sNbvXm \n cp-t]cpw A{I-an-I-fns]-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. Atm ]n-imNv Ah-sc hn-p. Ah Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \n cp-t]cpw ae-p-I-fmbn-o-cp-Itbm, As-n \n \nXy-Po-hnXw ssIh-cn-p-htcm BIm-Xn-cn-p-Xn\v thn-b-msX \nfpsS \mY Cu hrssmv \nsf XS-n-n. Ah cp-t]-tcmSpw Ah BW-bnv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: \nbw Rm \n-fpsS KpW-Im-wn-Ifn s]-h Xs-bm-Wv (AAvdm^v: 19-21). Cn[w tamlnnp Ah cp-t]-scbpw Ah ]mn-em-n. As\ Ah cp-t]cpw B hr-ns I\n cpNn--tm, Ahv Ah-cpsS tKm]yamb Kply-m-\- shfn-sSp-Ibpw, Ah kzKnse hr-fpsS Ce-IsImv Kply-m-\ s]mm XpS-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah cp-t]-cp-sSbpw \mY Ahsc hnfnp tNmZn-p: \n-sf cp-t]-scbpw B hrssmv hne-nbncpnt? \nbw ]n-imNv \n cp-t]-cp-sSbpw hy-amb i{Xp-hm-sWv Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXn-cp-nt? (A-Avdm^v: 22). lrZ-b-n tJZw tXmnb BZan\v ]m-]nv aS-p--Xn-\p hmp-I Cp-sIm-Sp--s-p (_-Jd: 37). Ah cp-t]cpw {]mn-p: R-fpsS \mYm, R R-tfmSp Xs A{Iaw {]hn-p. Rv \o s]mdpv Xn-n-s-n, \ns ImcpWyw R-fn hjn-n-p-an-s-n \nbw R \jvSs-hcn Ds-SpI Xs sNpw (AAvdm^v: 23). Ah-cpsS Cu ]m-m]w Amlp kzoI-cn-p. \nbw Ah Gsd ]mm]w kzoI-cn-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw Xs-btm (_-Jd: 37). a\p-jysc kzK-n\npw `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--b-p-tm Amlp ]d-p: \n-sf-m-hcpw Chn-sS-\nv Cdntm-hp-I, \nfn Hcp-hn-`mKw asmcp hn`m-Kn\v i{Xp-fmIpp (I-]Shn-izm-kn-I hnizm-kn-Iv i{Xp-fm-Ip-pap- \m-^n-Jq: 4). \nsmcp \nnX Ah[nhsc `qan-bn hn{i-a--ehpw ]mnShpw Pohn-X-hn-`-h--fp-ap-v (A-Avdm^v: 24). Amlp ]dp: \n-sf-m-hcpw Chn-sS-\nv (kzK-n\n-v)]pd-p-t]mhpI. C\n \nv Fn\np lpZm (amK- Z i- \ w) hp- I n- pIbpw, As\ BcmtWm Fs lpZsb (kmKs) ]n]-pIbpw sNp-Xv, Atm AhcpsSta `b-s-Sp-hmt\m Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-Ibn (_-Jd: 38). BZ-an-s\bpw l-sbbpw ico-ctmSp IqSn (BZw kXn-Isf apgp-h BZ-ans apXp-In shp-sImv) Imns Xmfm--I-X-bn `qan-bn-te-n-dn. (_-Jd: 164, Pmknb: 5 Bibw t\mp-I). a\p-jy-ico-ckrnv: - Ckm: 1 Amlp tNmZn-pp: a\p-jy-\n Ah Hmann-s-Sm Hcp AImeamb Ime-Lw Ign-p-t]m-bn-n-tbm? AXm-bXv BZ-ans\ krn-tm Xs krn--s Ay-\mh-sc-bp a\p-jysc GXp-Im-e-v, GXp-\mn, GXv tKm{X-n, GXv hwi-n, GXv amXm-]n-Xm--fn sImph-c-Wsav Xocp-am-\n-p-Xv {km-hm-Wv. BZy-]n-Xmhpw amXmhpw an\n-pan-s-Xs LS-I--f-S-n-b`W ]Zm- `np, AXn\nv c-ap-

apJ-hpc

11

mbn, AXns kn\nv {kmhv C{n-bs (\pXzv^) cq]-s-Sp-n. ]nXmhpw amXmhpw ]pW-cp-tm (A-Avdm^v:189) ]nXm-hns "kzp_n' \npw amXm-hns "Xdm-C-_n' \npw sXdn-p-ho-gp shw-sIm-mWv a\p-jys\ krnsXv A-zm-cnJv: 57epw, \n-bw a\p-jys\ \mw BWn-sbpw s]n-sbpw an{in-Xamb "\pXzv^'bn \nmWv krn--sXv Ckm: 2epw ]dn-p-v. amXmhns K`]m{X-n "\pXzv^'- bmbn 40 Znhkw, ]ns "AeJ' bmbn 40 Znh-kw, ]ns "apfvK' bmbn 40 Znhkw Ign tijw, \memw amk-n aev aptJ\ ]nXm-hns apXp-In-ep "\^vkn' s\ AXn Bhm-ln-n-p-p. (k-PZ: 79, lv: 5, apAv-an-\q: 12-14, ^mXzn: 11, apAvan: 67, Jnbma: 39-40 XpS-nb kq- Iqnhmbn-pI). ]nXm-hns "\pXzv^'- bn\n-mWv Fpw \mUn-Ifpw cq]-s-Sp-sX-n, amXm-hns "\pXzv^'bn\n-mWv chpw amwkhpw cq]-s-Sp--sXv Hcp PqXs tNmZyn\v adp-]Sn ]dv \_n(-k) ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn. Ncn{Xw: BZy a\p-jy\mb BZw kzK-n\nv ]Tn-ns- kamKw D]tbmK-s-Spn `qan-bn Xma-kn-p-t]m-p (_-Jd: 213- t\mpI). BZw k-Xn-I {ItaW ]nim-Nns t{]c-W-bm hyXn-N-env, Pohn-X-eyw \-s--h-cmbnamdn. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw A{I-anIfpw [nmcnIfpambn amdn-b-tm, Amlp hnizmkn-Iv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I-bpw, \ntj-[n-Iv XmoXv \Ip-Ibpw sNp \_n-amsc \ntbm-Kn-p. BZw apX \qlv \_n hsc-bp ]v Xe-apd kzK-nsh-v ]Tn-ns thZ-ns Bi-b-a-\p-k-cnv Pohn-p. Ime--g-n, kaqlw hnI-knp-Xn\v A\p-k-cnv, a\p-jy ]nim-Nns sIWn-bn s]SpI-bpw, Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n-[yw-hlnv Pohn-ph Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXtm Amlp("a\p, t\ml' Fo t]cp-I-fn Adn-b-s-n-p) \qlv \_nsb BZys dkq-embn ({]hm-N-I\mbn) \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bpw, thZ-{Kw `qan-bn-tev Ah-Xcn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At-ln-\mWv BZy-ambn ico-ctm-Sp-Iq-Snb {Kan-d-n-b-Xv (l-ZoZv: 25 t\mpI). At-l-ns {]t_m-[\ ^e-ambn Ipd-p-t] am{Xw hniz-kn-p. C\n-bmcpw hniz-kn-p-Ibn-sv a\-n-em-nb {XnIm-em-\nbmb Amlp, \qln-t\mSv hnizm-kn-Ipw \ntj-[n-Ip-an-Sbn Xocp-am\w I]nmthn {]mn-m I]np. X^-e-ambn Av a\p-jy-hm-k-apmbncp {]tZ-ifn-sem-sbpw hym]n sh-smw aptJ\ Amlp Ahsc \in- n-p-Ibpw \qln-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I-en cs-Sp-pIbpw sNbvXp. B I-en c-s-h-cpsS ]nKm-an-IfmWv Cv temIp apgp-h a\p-jy-cpw (Ckvdm-Av: 3, bm-ko: 41 t\mpI). c-s--h-cn Hcp-hn`mKw Cdm-Jn Xma-k-am-n. {ItaW Ah hgn-]n-gv _nw_m-cm-[Icpw, A{I-an-Ifp-ambn amdn-btm GI-tZiw 1400 hj-p-tijw Amlp C_vdm-lo-ans\ {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-p. GI ssZh-n-tev hnfn At-ls, ]nXmhS-ap P\X Xop--WvTn Fdnv Icn-p-sIm-m Xocpam-\n-p. AXn\npw Atls Amlp c-s-Spn (A-n-bm-Av: 69). (Ip-

12

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Im-en-Isf tabvp-Xn-\pthn e-at\zjnv, Ah-km\w Cy-bn Fnt Bcyam-cpsS apKm-an-I Cdm-Jn\npw h-hcm-bn-cp-p. ln\p hkv{X[m-cWw, IA_ {]Z-n-W-w XpS-nb C_vdm-lo-ans Ncy-bns] Bcm-[\m coXn-Ifpw {_mlvaWcpsS coXn-Ifpw Xn kmZr-iy-apmb-Xv AXp-sIm-mbncn-Ww). CdmJv hnv ^e-kvXo-\n-tev ]pd-s C_vdm-lo-an\v CuPn-]vjy N{Ihn km-\ambn \Inb lmP-dbn BZys Ipn Ckvam-Cu P\n-p. Amlp-hns I]-\{]-Imcw B Ipnsbbpw lmP-dsbbpw shw-t]m-ep-an-m hnP\amb acp-`qanbn (I-A-_-n-) sImp-t]mbn Xma-kn-n-p. tijw C_vdmlow ^e-kXo-\n-tev Xncnvt]mbn.- In-ep-m-bn-cp shw Xo-tm Ipnv thn v -sh-a-t\z-jnv lmPd "k^m' "ahm' Ipp-In-S-bn Ggv {]mhiyw HmSn-\-Sp-Ibpw, Ah-km\w Ipn-bpsS Im]m-Zn\v ASn-bn\nv Xs "kwkw' F Pe-[mc s]mnsbmgpIpIbpw sNbvXp. Ckvam-Cu-en\v 14 hbv {]mb-sa-n-btm C_vdm-lo-an-t\mSv aIs\ Adp--W-sa I]-\-bp-m-bn. Cu ]co--W--fnsemw hnP-bn--tm, GIssZhm-cm-[-\-p-thn `qan-bn \nn-s-Sp-Ibpw, \qln-s Imes sh-sm--n \in-p-Ibpw sNbvX, BZys tZhm-e-bamb IA-_bpsS ASn-d C_vdmloan\v Amlp ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw, C_vdmlo-apw, Ckvam-Cuepw tNv AXv ]Sp-p-bp-I-bp-ap-mbn (_Jd: 126127) kqd: C_vdm-low: 3536 {]Imcw C_vdmlow \_n, Xsbpw a-sfbpw _nw_m-cm[-Icn AI-s-Sp-cp-sXv {]mn-s-nepw {ItaW CkvamCu-ens a hgn]n-gv GI ssZhm-cm-[-\v thn \nn IA-_-n- 360 _nw_-hsc \mp-Ibp-m-bn. C{_mlnw \_n-v `mcy kmd-bn P\n aI CkvlmJv \_n-bpsS aI bAvJq_v \_nbpsS aI bqkp^v \_n, kzk-tlm-Zcm-cm InW-n-se-dn-bsSpI- bpw, hgn-bm-{X-m-cmb I-h-S-kw-L-m-cm Is-Sps-SpIbpw CuPn-]vXn hn-sSpIbpw sNbvXp. Ime-{I-taW CuPn-]vXnse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn amdnb bqkp^v \_n, ^e-kXo-\n\nv bAvJq_v \_nsbbpw IpSpw-_mw-Ksf-bp-samw v - CuPn-]vXn sImp-t]mbn Xma-kn-n-p. As\bmWv -C-kvdm-Cu- k-Xn-I CuPn-]vXn-se-n-b-Xv. -{I-taW bqkp^v \_n-bpsS A[ym-]-\- Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-IfS-ap B P\X hnkvacn-p-Ibpw ]ip Bcm-[\bnepw av A[mnI {]h-\fnepw apgp-IpIbpw sNbvXp. Jzn_vXn hwi-n\np ^tdmham - `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifmbnhcn-Ibpw, Ckvdm-Cu- k-Xn-Isf ASn--ap-Ibpw ASn-aI-fmnshp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm Ahsc tamNn-n-p--Xn\v thn aqkm\_nsb Amlp \ntbm-Kn-p. aqkmbpw lmdq\pw hj--tfmfw CuPn-]vXn {]t_m-[\w sNbvsX-nepw ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-I-fn\nv Hcm am{X-amWv hnizmkn-bm-b-Xv. Ah-km\w aqkmsbbpw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isfbpw Amlp IS]n-fn c-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ahv [mcmfw A\p-{K-l- \Ip-Ibpw, -temItc-m Ahv t{ijvTX \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Jp-B-\n t]scSpp -]-d Ccp-]-v -{]hm-N-Im-

apJ-hpc

13

cn -]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[n-Ihpw, Deq AkvapI-fns aqk, Cuk Fo cp {]hm-NI-mcpw Ah-cn-emWv hn-p-Xv. temIv Bpw \Im {]`m-hhpw {]uVnbpw cmPm-[n-]-Xyhpw \Is kpsse-am \_nbpw, ZmhqZv \_n-bpw, ]nXmhpw aI\pw {]hm-NIm-cm-bn-p aqp tPmUn-Ifpw Ah-cn-emWv hn-p-Xv. - apl-Zv \_n(-k) \ntbm-Kn-s-Sp-Xn-\p- apv temI-ns Xs t\XrXzw CkvdmCu k-Xn-I-fpsS ssII-fn-em-bn-cp-p. Fm Ime{I-taW [nm-cn-Ifmbno Ah {K aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw, {]hm-N-Iam-cn Nnesc h[n-p-Ibpw, Cukmsb Xs h[n-m DZy-an-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm Amlp Cukmsb ico-ctm-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tev DbpI-bm-Wp-m-bXv. Cukm \_nptijw samw temIw Ccpv \in-n--s-tS Lsan-b-tm-gmWv Bdmw \qmn Amlp (In, kXy-ns Bm-hmb Imcy- Fo \ma--fn ]cmain--s-n-p) apl-Zv \_nsb Ay{]hmN-I-\pw \_n-bpambn \ntbm-Kn-p-X.v IA-_-n- BWpw s]pw \-cmbn {]Z-nWwshpnS-tmfw hgn-]n-g Ckvam-Cu k-Xn-IfpsS Pmln-en- v (A--Im-cw) Ccpp-t]mbn. _mly-tem-Ihp-ambn _-sv Pohn-m ]m Cu kml-Ncy-n lndm Kplbn GIm--\mbn apl-Zv \_n Xma-k-am-cw-`n-p. Atm-gmWv A-m-lp-hns aep-I-fn \np ZqX-\mb "Pn_vco' Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imihpw(Zn-hy-k-tiw)sImv BK-X\m-Ip-Xv (A-Pa:v 117, AIvho: 19-27 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). kqd: - v AeJn \np BZys Av kq- apl-Zv \_n-v HmXn-tnv hmbn-m ]d-p. "Rm hmbn-p-h-\' Fv apl-Zv adp-]Sn ]d--tm Pn_vco apl--Zns\ Benw-K\w sNpI-bpw, \^vkv (B-m-hv) kzK-hp-ambn _-sSpI-bpw, XpSv kzKn\nv ]Tn-n Jp-B Atlw hmbn-pIbpw sNbvXp. ]noSv hnhn[ k`--fn, LwL-am-bnv 23 hjwsImmWv Jp-B Ah-X-cWw ]qnbm-b-Xv. k-aX kXyhmZw A_-w: {]IrXn aX-amb Ckvemw (kkzw {km-hn\v kan-p-sIm-p PohnX kwln-X) AYhm samw thZ{K--ns ASn-m-\-n t{ImUo-I-cn--s PohnX coXn am{X-amWv BZw apX Ay-\mh-sc-bp a\p-jyv {kmhv Xr]vXn-s-n-p-Xv (B-en-Cw-dm: 19,85). thZw hni-Zo-Icnv Pohnv ImWnpsImSpp-Xn-\p-thnbmWv a\p-jycn\n-p ZqXamsc \ntbm-Kn-psIm-n-cpXv. P\ -fpsS {i Amlphns kti-n-tev Xncn-p--Xn-\pw, Ahsc `b-s-Spp--Xn\pwthn maw, Zpcn-X-w, `oXn-h-cp-p bp- XpS-nb ]co- W \Ip-Ibpw, {]hm-NIm-cn-eqsS Nne Znhym-p-X {]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpapm - bn. i-amb FXnp-InSbnepw sNdn-sbmcp kwLw Cu Zo\n hniz-kn-pIbpw, {ItaW Am-lp-hns Zo ChnsS \S-nh-cnIbpw sNbvXp. Ime-{I-taW {]am-Wn-amcnepw ]ptcm-ln-Xam-cn-epw-s] I]-Shn-izm-kn-I (a\p-jy-n-im-Np-) Znhym-p-X {]hm-NIam-cpsS Ign-hp-Ifmbn Ah-Xcn-npI-

14

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

bpw, Ah-cpsS kzm-Xm]-cy--\p-k-cn-v, Zo\ns\ hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw ]pXnsbmcp Pohn-X-coXn \S-n-em-m {ian-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahsc ssZhm-h-Xmc-fpw, ssZh-]p-{Xamcpamn amn ssZhns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]ptNpIbpw sNbvXp. BZy-Im-efn thZw hmsam-gn-bm-bn-mbncpp Xe-ap-dIfn- - tev ssIamw sN-spsIm-ncp-Xv. ]nm-ev I]-Shn-izm-kn-I, samw thZw- kzoI-cn-msX Nne`m-K am{Xw hnI-eambn hymJym-\n-p-sIm-pw, AkXyw Iqn--en-smpw {K- cNn-p XpSn. thZw (Bibw) ]Tn-m {ianmsX, AXns icocw Xnv ( A[-c-hym-bmaw \Sn) ]pWyw t\Sm-sav ]Tn-np-Ibpw, Ah kzI-c--fm cNn {K- (I-imkv{X {K-, D]\njp-, kphn-ti-j-, ]pcm-W- apX-em-bh) Pohn-X-ns Ahew_{K--fmn amp-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\p-jy [rXn-m-c\pw kpJ-tem-ep-]-\p-amb-Xn-\m Chcp-m-p Ipdp-p-h-gn-I ]n]m Xm-dmhpIbpw sNbvXp. XpSv ]e-Xcw Nnm-[m-cI DS-se-Sp-p-Ibpw AXv In-Xz-fn sNs-p-Ibpw, A-an-m BNm-cm-\pjvTm\-fpsS Hcp kap-bambn amdp-Ibpw sNp- tXmsS Amlp Ah-Xcn-n Zo tIhew Hcp aX-ambn amdp-p. Atm Amlp a\p-jyv kmKw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m thn Ahs thZw asm-cp `mj-bn asmcp ZqXhiw P\--fn-tev Ah-X-cn-n-pp. ]q-ambpw ZpjnpI-gn, BZys {]hm-NIs Bfp-Ifm-sWv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p P\Xbmbn-cnpw Cu thZsbpw ZqX-s\bpw FXnp-Xn ap]-nbn-ep-m-hp-I. apkven-fpsS km-{-Zm-bnI aX-aS-w temIv Cv {]Nm-cn-ep Fm aXk{-Zm-bsfbpw Jp-B Xn-fbp-p. Am-lp-hn\v As-n btlmhv - - As-n PK-Zo-jcz-\v PohnXw kan-p-Ibpw hnfnv {]mn-p-Ibpw sNph hnizm-kn-Ifpw, Fm apl-Zv \_n, _Zvco, aplvbpo ssiJv, tbip-, ]pWymf-m, aqkm, Dssk, cma-, IrjvW, _p- XpS-n-b- Ahs krn-Isf hnfnv {]mn-p-Ibpw, Bcm-[np-Ibpw, ]mSn-p-Igvp-Ibpw, t\-hgn-]m-Sp-I Anp-Ibpw sNp--h Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpam-WvA-h GXv PmXnaXthjcm{-mcm-bmepw icn. {kmhn-s\-q-SmsX GXv krn-Isf hnfnv {]mn-mepw Ah i]n-s ]nim-Nn-s\-bmsX hnfnv {]mnp-n Fv An-km-Av: 116-117 ]d-n-p-v. apl-Zv (In, kXy-ns Bm-hmb Imcy-) \_n-p-tijw temImh-km\whsc-bp Ime-L--n Pohn-p Fm a\p-jypap thZw JpB am{X-am-Wv. ssl-hscbpw, PqX-sc-bpw, ss{IkvX-hscbpw, apkven-sfbpw, \nco-iz-chmZnIsfbpw krn-p-Ibpw, \nb-{np-Ibpw, Ahp-thn hmbp-hpw, sh-hpw, shfn-hpw, apw kwhn-[m-\n-p-Ibpw sNbvX k-{k-mhns kwkmc-amb Jp-B, apth-Z-{K---fpsS ]cn-k-am]vXn cq]hpw ap{K--sf kXys-Sp-p-Xpw Imp-kq-n-p-Xp-am-Ip-p. Imem-Im-efn hnZym-ebfn - - sSIvv ]pkvX-I- ]cn-jvI-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-, ASn-m\ XXzfn hyXym-kan-msX-bmWv thZ-{K---fnepw ]cn-jvI-cWw hcp-n-bn-pXv. AmsX ssl-

apJ-hpc

15

hpw ss{IkvX-hpw, apkvenpw shtsd {K- F cq]-n-e-. Cv kaq-l-n apkven-fn-ep--Xn-t\-m IqSpX {]Ir-Xn-a-X-amb Ckvemw \ng-en-p-Im-Wp-Xv ssl-hcn-epw, ss{IkvXhcn-epw, \nco-iz-chm-Zn-Ifnepam- sWv Jp-B-\ns shfn--n a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. apl-Zv \_n Ay{]-hm-NI\m-bXp-sImpw, Jp-B Ah-Xcnns AtX `mj-bnepw cq]-nepw - \ne-\np-Xn-\mepw C\n ]pXn-sbmcp thZ-ns Bhiyw hcp-n-. apkven Jp-B\ns Bi-bn\nv hyXn-Nen-v Ah-cpsS PohnXw ]qambpw Ccpv Pmln-en-n-se-ptm C\n temIm-hkm\w kw`-hn-p-IbmWp-m-hp-I. AXn\p-apmbn, apkven-fm kzmhpw hnIehp-ambn Ah-X-cnnsSp Jp-Bs\-bpw, {Iqc\pw Xo{h-hm-Znbpambn Ah-Xcn-n-sSp apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw CXc krnIv apn Jp-B\pw apl-Zv \_nbpw ktemIpw Imcp-Wy-amsW (An-bm-Av: 107, ^pJm: 1) bmYmyw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn Cukm \_nsb Amlp `qan-bn-tev sImp-hcp-Xm-W.v apkven-sfmw Cukm \_nv apmbn hcp ako-lp-m-ens sIWn-bn AI-s-Sp-Xpam-W.v Cukm \_n hcp-tXmsS Am-lphns kXyZo\mb Ckvemw Zo (Po-hn-X-kw-ln-X) temIv samw \S-n hcpXpw, Av Fm-hpw {km-hns ka-{Khpw ]qhpamb PohnX kcWn Ckvemw am{X-am-sWv t_m[y-amIpXpam-Wv. AIn-Xm-_v: kzK-n\nv Imem-Im-e--fn, a\p-jypth \nb-a-\ntZ-i-fSnb H thZw am{Xta Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-q. AXv Jp-B Xs-bm-sWv lnPv: 90-91 ]d-n-p-v. AXns icocw hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-em-sWn Bmhv (B-ibw) Hv XsbmIp-p. AXm-bXv `K-hZvKoX-bpsS icocw kwkvIr-Xhpw, Xudmns icocw lo{_phpw, Co-ens icocw Ac-am-bn-pw, Jp-B\ns icocw Ad-_nbpamsW-n Bmhv (A-n-Iv) Hv XsbmWv. An-km-Av: 163--epw, An-bm-Av: 105-epw ]d "k_q' Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. krn-I-fpsS lrZ-bns `mj-bn-ep thZ-{K--ns Bi-b-n\mWv "AnIv' Fp-]-d-bp-Xv. Bm-hns `-Whpw, hkv{X-hp-am-b AnIvdmWv kzK-n\nv Fm a\p-jyscbpw ]Tn-n-n-pXv (AAvdm^v: 26). lnPv: 87- ]d Ggv kq- sImp t-in-p-Xv "DpIn-Xm-_v'BsWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. Dp In-Xm_v Am-lp-hns ]-ep-sv AdAvZv: 39, kpKvdp^v: 4 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Fm {]hm-N-Iampw Jp-B-\mWv Ah-X-cn-n-np-sX-n apl-Zv \_nv Jp-B\pw DpIn-Xm_pw AS-nb AIn-Xm_v Xs Ah-X-cn-n--s-p. dqlv: a\p-jys Bmhpw Poh\pw IqSnb dqlv ico-c-n\nv ths-Sp--Xns\-bmWv acWw Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. Ddw Hcp sNdnb ac-W-am-Wv, Fm Dd-n Bmhv am{Xta th]n-cn-bp-p-q, Poh th]n-cn-bp-n-. (ABw: 60, kpa: 42 t\mpI). An-km-Av: 171, lnPv: 29, kPZ: 9, kzmZv: 72 kq--fn, {km-hn-s dqln\nmWv Cukm \_n-b-Sw Fma\p-jypw dqlv \In-

16

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

bXv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \lv: 102, Ap-A-dm-Av: 193, \_-Av: 38 kq--fn, Pn_vcoens\ dqlv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \lv: 2, Aqd: 52 kq--fn, Jp-B\ns\ dqlv Fp-]dn-cn-p-p. Jp-B\ns Bibw AXns Bm-hpw, Aw - AXn-s Poh-\p-amsW-n, dqlv Bmhpw Poh\pw IqSnb Ien-am-m-Wv. AXv ]d-mepw Fgp-Xn-bmepw Xocp-I-bn-sv Ilv^v: 109, epJvam: 27 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 85-, \ntmSv Ah dqlns\pdnv tNmZn-m, AXv Fs dns Iev]\bns-XmWv, \nv Aev]amsX Adnhv \In-bn-n - Fp-]-d-bm-\mWv apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv Iev]nnpXv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-wsImv "Am-lv' F kvacW \ne\nptm am{Xta Hcp-h\v Bmhpm-hp-I-bp-q. AXn-m--h Dd--n-em-Wv, Ahv Poh am{X-ta-bp-q. Jp-Bs Bi-b-a-dn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I h[n-s-hcm-sWv ]d-bm ImcWhpw CXpXs-bmWv (ap\m^nJq: 4, A_k: - 17 t\mpI). FmWv Jp-B? bmko: 69 Jp-B-s\-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bpp: CsXmcp ZnIvdpw hyamb Jp-B\p-amsX asm-p-a. ChnsS ]cm-ain "ZnIv' JpBs Bmhpw, - Ad-_n-bn-ep sSIvv AXns ico-c-hp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns amXmhmb (Dp Jp-B-) "^mnl'bneqsS ASna DS-a-bp-ambn _-s-Sp-tm "Rsf \o Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNt-Wta' Fv tNmZnpXn\v adp-]Sn-bmbnmWv kamK-hpw, Ghpw sNmmb amK-hp-amb (A-Bw: 126) _Jd apX Amkv hsc-bp kq-fS-nb Jp-B \Ip-Xv. 114 kqd-p-IfmWv Jp-B-\n-ep-Xv. Hcp kqd-nepw Hcp {]tXyI hnj-bw ]q-ambn ]cmain-m--Xn-\m AXn\v A[ym-b-sav ]d-bm ]n-. 6236 kq--f-S-nb Jp-B\nse Hmtcm hmIy-hpw XXz-\n`-chpw kzX-{hpamb-Xn-\m AXns\ Bbv AYhm kqw Fv hnfn-p-p. Bbv Fp-]dm Zrm-w, Znhym-pXw, - sXfnhv Fsmw Bi-b-ap-v. AYhm JpBs Hmtcm kqhpw Hmtcm Zrm-am-Wv. t{ImUo-IcWw: Pn_vco hv, \_n(k)bpsS lrZ-bn-tev Jp-B Cp-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adnbm \_n, Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp A\p-bm-bn-ItfmSv: CXv C-bn kqd-n Fgp-Xn-sh-Wsav Bhiys-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXX\p-kcnv Ah Fgp-Xn-sh-p. Nne k`-fn Hcp kqdv sam-ambpw Cd-nbn-p-v. Fm hjhpw Jp-B Cd-nb amk-amb dafm\n Pn_vco apl-Zv \_n-sb-smv Jp-B ]mcmbWw sNnnp tIpam-bn-cp-p. A{]Imcw \_n-bpsS Pohn-X-ns Ah-km\ hj-nse da-fm-\n cp {]mhiyw \_nsbsmv ]mcmbWw sNn-nv tIp-I-bp-mbn. \_n-bpsS Pohn-Xmhkm-\-Im-ev I-{]-hm-N-I-\mb "apssk-en-a-p Im-_n's t\Xr-Xz-n aX]-cn-Xym-Kn-I DS-se-Sp-p-I-bpw, Hmw Jeo^ A_q-_ (d)s Imev Ah-cp-

apJ-hpc

17

ambn bpw \S-p-I-bp-ap-mbn. Cu bp-n Jp-B a\-:]mTamnb Iptd A\p-bm-bnI c-km-nIfm-bn. Jp-B {K-cq-]-n kqn-m--]w AXv \-sv t]mtbptamsb `bm, Da (d)-s t{]c-Wb\pkcnv, A_q_- (d)s ImemWv Jp-B {K-cq-]n t{ImUo-Icn-Xv. Fgp-p-Im-c\mb sskZp_v\v Ym_nns t\Xr-Xz-n Jp-B a\:]mT-am-n-bhscsbmw Hcp-an-p-IqpIbpw XpI-ep-Ifn-epw, Hme-Ifnepw, Fp-Ifnepw Fgp-Xn-sh-n-p-sXmw Hp-t\mnbpamWv Cv ImWp cq]-n-ep Jp-B-s Hmw ]Xnv cq]wsIm-Xv. B ]Xnv \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n l^vk (d)bpsS In kqn-m G]np-I-bpw, ap--hcpsS In-ep Jp-B enJn-X- Cu ]Xn-pambn Hpt\mn Dd-p-h-cpp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {ItaW Ckvemw hnhn[ \mSp-I-fn-tev {]Ncn--tm Jp-B\ns IqSp-X ]XnpI Bh-iy-ambnhp. As\ Dkvam (d)s Imev Fv ]XnpI FSpv hnhn[ \mSp-I-fn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pIbpmbn. ]pXnb \mSp-I-fnse `mj-I hyXym-k-s-Sp-tm Jp-B-\ns ]mcmbWn amwhv Bi-b-sm-cpw \-s-Sm-Xn-cn-m ]mcm-bW \nb-a-fpw Dm-n. Jznbma: 16-19 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Cu Jp-B hi-mp-Xn\v thn \o \mhn-Sn-t-Xn-. \psS _m[y-XbmWv AXv t{ImUo-Icnepw, ]ns AXv HmXn-tnpXc-epw. Atm \mw \n\Xv (Pn_vco aptJ\) ]mcm-bWw sNbvXpXm, B ]mcm-b-W-amWv \o ]n]-t--Xv. ]ns AXns\ hni-Zo-Icnv Xcepw \psS _m[y-X Xs-bm-Wv. Xzmlm: 114 Amlp ]dbpp: \n\-p Znhy-ktiw ]qn-bm-Ip-Xn-\p-apv Cu Jp-B hi-m-p Imcyn \o [rXn-s-Scp-Xv, Fs \mYm, F\nv \o Adnhv hn-n-p-X-cnI Fv \o {]mn-p-Ibpw sNpI. lnPv: 9, \nbw ZnIv (Jp-B-\ns Bm-hv) \mamWv Cd-n-b-Xv, \mw Xs AXns\ kqn-p-Ibpw sNp--XmWv Fp-]-dnpv. Atm Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNt--Xpw, Bibw ]Tn-t-Xpw, ]Tn-n-t-Xp-samw AXv t{ImUo-I-cn {Ia-n _Jd apX Xmtgm-v Xsbm-Wv. CXn\v hncp-ambn Jp-B-\ns Ah-km-\-`m-K-amb "A' Ppkv-Av apX ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h X-s-bmWv \_n (k) ZoL-hoWw sNbvX, Ben-Cw-dm: 10- ]d Im^n-dp-I. An-Iv (Jp-B-\ns Bm-hv): a\p-jy ico-chpw Bmhpw tN-XmWv FXp-t]mse, JpB\pw icochpw Bmhpw tN-Xm-Wv. \lv: 43, An-bm-Av: 7 kq-fn Amlp ]dbpp: Atm \nv Adn-hn-s-n th-Z-ns Bm-h-dn-bp (B-i-bw) Bfp-ItfmSv tNmZn-p-t\m-p-I. thZ-ns Bmhmb Jp-B\ns Bibw XsbmWv "AnIv'Fpw, AXv am{Xta BZyw apX Ayw-hsc Ah-X-cn-npqshpw \lv: 44, An-bm-Av: 24, ^pkzn-e-v: 41-43 kq--fn ]d-n-p v. Jp-B-\ns ico-cs Imem-Imew \ne-\np-sav Amlp ]d-n-n-, adnv Bm-hmb ZnIvdns\ \ne-\np-sa-mWv ]d-n-pXv (ln-Pv: 9). JpB-\n AXv t{ImUo-I-cn-p--Xn\v aptm ti-jtam anYy IS-p-Iq-Sp-I-bn-s-pw,

18

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

AXv AXp-ey-am-b, AP-amb, Xmc-Xay-an-m Hm-sW-pw, bpn-\pw, kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-am-b-h-\n\nv Cd--s--Xm-sWpw ^pkzn-e-v: 42- ]d-n-pv. kzmZv: 8, \psS CS-bn At-l-n-\mtWm (ap-l-Zv \_n-v) Cu ZnIv Cd--s--Xv? A; Ah ZnIvdns Imcy-n Xocm kwi-b-n-em-Wv Fv \ntj-[n-Isfpdnv ]d-n-p-v. Cu kq-nsebpw Xzmlm: 14,124-, Ilv^v: 101 kq-fn-sebpw "AnIvcn' sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. A-Bw: 90, AAvdm^v: 2, lqZv: 120, ^Pv: 23 XpS-nb kq--fnse "AnIvdm' sImp-t-in-p-Xpw Jp-B\ns Bi-bam-Wv. Jp-B\n Npcp-nbXv 100Hmfw e--fn AnIv F]Zw hn-p-v, Ahn-sS-sbmw Am-lp-hns kvacW \ne-\nm-\p GI D]m-[n-bmb Jp-B\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bnep BibamWv AnIv. Xzmlm: 14-, Fs kvacW AYhm Jp-B\n-s- B-ibw \ne\nm \a-kvImcw \ne-\npI FmWv I]nn-p-Xv. AI-_q-v: 45, ]c-a-{]-[m\w Am-lp-hn-s- kva-cW AYhm Jp-B\ns Bibw XsbmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ap\m-^nJq: 9, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-fpsS ktm km-\tfm Jp-B\ns Bi-bssmv \nsf XSb-cp-Xv. As\bmsc-nepw {]hnm Atm Aq Xs-bmWv PohnXw \jvS-s--h. ChnsS ZnIv Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. ImcWw "Amlv' F kvac-W- Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cn-p-tmgpw BIm-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 ]d ZnIv sImp-t-iyw, Jp-B\ns Bibw hni-Zo-Icn-p kZmWv. AYhm PpapA: 9 ]d JpXp-_-bm-Wv. JpXp_ JpB\ns Bibw hni-ZoI-cn-p kZ-m-bn-cn--Ww. bmko: 10-11 kq--fn, Ah-cpsS Imcy-n \o ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xpw, \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Ah hniz-kn-p-Ibn. \nbw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p-hpw ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsX Iv (Jp-B\ns Bi-b-nIv) `b-s-Sp--hpw am{X-amWv \ns DW D]-Im-c-s-SpI, Atm Ah\v ]m]-tam-N-\-hpw, am\y-amb {]Xn-^ehpwsImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kpKvdp^v: 44-, CXv \n\pw \ns P\-X-p-ap Hcp ZnIvdm-Wv, \n- AXn-s\-p-dnv tNmZyw sN-s-SpIXs sNp-sav ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\n hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn Hcp Imcyhpw ]d-n-n-. AXp-sImv Xs Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-a-dn-b \n_-am-Wv. XZvIndx (Sn-v): \n-bw, samw Jp-B\ns Bibw X-fpsS \mY-\n-te-v Fn-s-Sm\p-t-in-p--hv Hcp Sn-m-sWv Ckm: 29, apk-n: 19 kq--fnepw, Fm Jp-B ]n]-p ap-Jo- am{Xta AXv Sn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spp-Ibp-q-shv AlmJ: 48-epw ]d-n-p-v. BmtWm kXyw (Jp-B) hp-In-pI-bpw, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Aq- am{XamWv apJo-sfv kpa: 33-epw, knwl-K\w tIv hnc-tmSp Imp-Igp-XIsf-tmse - - \ntj-[n-I Jp-B\ns Bi-bamb "XZvIn-d'-bn\nv AI-p-t]m-Ip-sav apkn: -

apJ-hpc

19

49- 51epw ]d- n- p- v. \n- b w, ]nim- N p- JpB\ns Bi- b w tIpXn\nv AI--s--h- XsbmsWv Ap-A-dm-Av: 212-epw ]d-np-v. lpZm (amK-Zi\w): _Jd: 38-, kzK-n\nv Fm a\p-jy-scbpw `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-b-p-tm Amlp ]dp: Fn \np lpZm (amK-Zi\w) \nv hp-In-n-bm, BcmtWm AXns\ ]n]-p-Xv AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Smt\m Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn-. Fm-epw Am-lp-hn\nv hn-p GI {KamWv B lpZm (_Jd: 2,213, B-en-Cw-dm: 34). Cv samw a\p-jyv lpZm _Jd: 185- ]d kXym-kXyhnth-N\ am\-Z-WvU-amb (^pJm), kamKw apgp-h hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. C_vdmlow: 1 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n\v \mw Cu {K-an-d-n-b-Xv, CXp-sImv a\p-jysc Ah-c-h-cpsS DS-a-bpsS kX-tm-Sp-IqSn A-Im-c--fn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hnp-Xn\v thn-bmWv. Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv kamKhpw Imcp-WyhpamsWv AAvdm^v: 52,203, \lv: 64 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. samw a\pjyv "lpZm'Bbn-mWv JpB Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--sX-nepw hnizm-kn-I am{XamWv AXv kamK-ambn kzoI-cn-p-I (^pkzn-ev: 44 t\mp-I). "lpZm hp-InpI' F \n_--\-bp--Xn-\m Jp-B Inm Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp innp-I-bn-. \mw Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-pXphsc inn-p-h\m-hp-I-bnsv Ckvdm-Av: 15- ]d-n-p-v. (ABw: 155-157 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). ^pJm (k-Xym-kXyhnth-N\ am\-ZWvUw): _Jd: 185--epw, ^pJm: 1-epw, samw temIv amK-Zi-\-hpw, kXymkXy hnth-N\ am\-Z-WvU-hp-ambnsm-mWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-sXv ]d-n-p-v. AYhm kXyhpw Ak-Xy-hpw, [hpw A[-hpw, \oXnbpw A\o-Xn-bpw, kzK-n-te-p GI-h-gn-bpw, \c-I-n-te-p hnhn[ hgn-I-fpw, Pohn-X-ns apgp-h taJ-e-I-fnepw Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc--mWv Jp-B-\n-s samw Bi-b-amb ^pJm. _bm (hn-iZo-IcWw): - Ben-Cw-dm: 138-, CXv samw a\p-jyp _bm\pw ({]Jy-m]-\w), ap-Jo-v kamKhpw k-Zp-]-tZ-ihp(auC-f-v)am-Ip-p Fpw, Jznbma: 19, ]ns \psS _m[y-X-bmWv AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-pXc Fpw ]-d-n-p-v. \_n (k)v Cu Jp-B am{X-a, tcJsSp-m Znhy-k-tiw thsdbpw e`nn-pv. A-Pvav: 34 kq-fn, Atlw tZtl-b\p-kcnv {]Xn-^enn-p-I- bn, CXv At-ln\v Znhyt_m[-\ambn e`np Znhy-kt-iam-sX-b Fp- ]-d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb, \_n-bpsS PohnXhpw \_nh-N-\-fpw Am-lp-hn-s ]\npXv Xs-bm-Wv. Fm Jp-B-\ns Hcp]Zw \ymbo-I-cn-m Hcp \_n-h-N-\hpw FSp--cp-sXv An-km-Av: 64- I]n- n- pv . Amlp ]d- b pp: \mw Hcp {]hm- N - I - s \bpw Ab- n- n- ,

20

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Amlphns thp-I-sImv A\p-k-cn--s-Sm-\-m-sX. ChnsS Am-lp-hns thpIsImv Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-amb Jp-B\ns ]Zw \ymbo-I-cn-m Hcp \_-nh-N-\hpw kzoI-cn--cpXv Fm-Wv. ImcWw AXv a\p-jy-n-im-Np- \_n-bp-sS-ta sIn--a--Xm-bn-cn-pw. AAvdm^v: 203- \_n-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bm Iev]n-pp: \n-b-w, Rm ]n]-p-Xv, F\nv Fs \mY-\n\nv Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-Xv am{X-am-Wv. \lv: 89- Amlp ]d-bp-p: Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-Icn-n-p Cu {Kw \n\v Cd-n. AXv kkzw Am-lp-hn\v ka]n-v Pohn-p--hv, kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw ip`-hm-Zmb-I-hp-am-Wv. {K-n HpwXs hni-Zo-I-cnmsX hnn-n-sv A-Bw: 38epw ]d-n-p-v. \nbw, Cu {K-n \mw a\p-jyv thn Fm D]aIfpw D-Zm-l-c-W-fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-sv Ckvdm-Av: 41, Ilv^v: 54, Adqw: 58, kpa: 27 XpS-nb kq-fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. BIm-i`q-an-IfneptXm Ahbn kw`hn-p--tXm Bb HpwXs {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp Hcp hyamb {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-m-sX-bn Fv Xu_: 51, bq\p-kv: 61, lqZv: 6, k_-Av: 3, ^mXzn: 11, lZo-Zv: 22, XKm-_p: 11 kq--fn-semw ]d-n-p-v. ^mXzn: 14 , Fmw hebwsNbvX Hcp {XnIm-e-m-\n-b-msX \ntmSv CXp-t]m-ep Hcp hrmw ]dbp-I-bn Fp-w, ^pJm: 59-, {XnIm-e-m\nbmb Am-lp-hns\-p-dnv, {XnIm-e-m\amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp--h-tcmSv \o tNmZn--pI Fpw ]d-n-p-v. aokm ({Xm-kv), lJv (k-Xyw): Aqd: 17, lZo-Zv: 25 XpS-nb kq-fn, Amlp {Xm-kmb {Kw kXytm-Sp-IqSn Cd-n-sbv ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I GsXmcp-Im-cyhpw {Xm-kmb JpBsImv Xqn-t\mn hne-bn-cpm\pw, Fm- Im-cy-nepw {Xmkmb JpB-\ns \oXn]men-m\pw I]n-s-n-cn-pp. {Xm-kmb Jp-BsImv hyn Pohn-X-n-epw, IpSpw_ Pohn-X-n-epw, kaql Pohn-X-nepw hn[nI]n-m-h Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-Ifpw, A{I-an-Ifpw, [nm-cn-Ifp-sav bYm-{Iaw amCZ: 44,45,47 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Atbm a\p-jytc, \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY\n\np lJv (k-Xyw) \nbw \nv hp-I-gn-n-cn-p-p. Atm B AXp-]-tbm-Knv kamKw kzoI-cn-p-pthm, Ah Ahs\ kamK-nte-m-n. BcmtWm Ah\hs\ hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-bXv, Atm \nbw B hgn-tISns tZmjhpw Ah\p Xs. Rm \n-fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-hmb ho-semp-a Fv \_n-tbmSv ]dbm bq\pkv: 108- I]n-n-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hkw lJmb, {Xmkmb Jp-B-\n\v am{X-amWv Xq-ap--sXv AAvdm^v: 89 kq--fnepw, ]ctem-Iv hn[n-Iev]n-pI lJmb Jp-BsIm-m-sWv kpa: 69,75 kq-fnepw, sFln-I-tem-I-p-shv a\p-jy `nn-n-p hnj-b--fn Xocp-am\w Iev]n-m-\-msX JpB \n\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-n-sv \lv: 64-epw ]d-n-p v. hnizm-kn-I am{Xta Cl-tem-I-p-shv Jp-BsImv hn[n-Iev]n-p-I-bpq. Ah ac-Ww-hsc {km-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]nXn\n-[n-I-

apJ-hpc

21

fp-am-Wv (lnPv: 99 t\mpI). AlmJ: 51- ]d "Dd-mb kXyw-sImv' XfpsS ]cy-h-km\w kzK-n-em-sWv Dd-p-h-cp-p--hcpamWh. JnkvXzv (\o-Xn)-: amCZ: 8 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-v: \n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Dd-p-\n-esImp-hcpw, \oXnsImv kmywhln-p-hcp-am-Ip-hn Fp-]dXns hnh- - - , \n Jp-BsImv kmyw-hln-phn Fm-W.v An-km-A:v 135, lZoZv: 25 XpS-nb kq-fn-semw ]d "Jnkvzv' sImp-tiyw Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. amCZ: 42, lpP-dmv: 9, apwX-ln\: 8 Fo kq-fpw Ah-km\n-p-Xv \nbw Amlp apJvkn-Xzo-sf (Jp-BsImv \oXn I]np-hsc) C-s-Sppsh Bi-bnem-W.v (Alv: 90 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). CkvdmAv: 35-epw Ap-A-dm-Av: 182-epw \n "JnkvXmkp- apkvJow' sImv XqpI Fp-]-dXv kzndm-p apkvX-Jo-amb \oXn-bpsS Xpem-kp-sImv (Jp-B) XqpI Fv XsbmWv. AYhm Jp-B kq-\p-kcnv Ah-chscbpw - aph-scbpw Xmc-X-ay-s-SpnbmWv Ah kXyntem Ak-Xy-ntemsbv a\-n-em-t-Xv. _kzm-C (Dm-gvNZm-bIw): A-Bw: 104, AAvdm^v: 203, Pmknb: 20 kq-fn, Jp-B\ns Bibw samw a\p-jyv Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-am-sW-pw, Bsc-nepw AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Spn-bm AXns KpWw Ah\p Xs-bm-Wv, Bsc-nepw AXpsIms AX \Sn-m AXns tZmjhpw B Bm-hn\v Xs-bm-Wv F-pw ]d-n-p-v. Hmtcm Bmhn\pw (BWn\pw s]n\pw) Ah-cpsS \mfs Ccn-nSw kzK-n-emtWm \c-I-n-em-tWm-sbv ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--XmWv _kzm-C. acnp ka-bv apJ-{]-kXtbmsS Am-lp-hn-s\-bmtWm AX ZpxJ-tmsS ]nim-Nn-s\-bmtWm - - ImWp-Isbv (Jzn-bma: 22-24) apIqn -Im-Wnp sImSp-p D]-I-c-WhpamWXv. _kzm-Cdmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn \cI-nse inm ItTm-c-fpw, kzK-nse A\p-{Klm\p`q-Xn-Ifpw a\-n-emn Hmtcm-cp-cpw kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-tb-Xm-W.v Cu _kzmCsIms In\v A-Xbp-h \c-In Ipn-\n-dbvs-Sp-sav AAvdm^v: 179- ]d-npv. Ilv^v: 100-101 t\mpI. _plm (sX-fn-hv): An-km-Av: 174-175, Amlp a\p-jysc hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n-bw, \nfpsS \mY-\n \np _plm\pw, hy-amb {]Im-ihpamb Jp-B \nv hp-Inn. Atm BcmtWm Jp-B kan-p Am-lp-hn-s\-smv hnizkn-p-I-bpw, JpB\ns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Ah Ah-\n \np HuZm-cy-nepw Imcp-Wy-nepw {]th-in-n--s-Sp-Xpw, GwsNmmb Am-lp hns amK-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNsSp-Xpam-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 101-, BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn--Xv, \n-bw, Ah Ghpw sNmmb amKnembn--gnp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns\ apdp-sI-n-Sn-pI Fp-]-dm, JpB\m-Ip Am-lp-hns ]mis apdp-sI-n-Sn--em-Wv. Atm

22

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

GsXmcp hnj-b-n\pw JpB\n\np Hcp]Zw sXfn-hmbn D-cn-m km[np-hv am{Xta hnNm-cW\mfn Jp-B A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-p-I-bpw, kmn- \np-I-bp-ap-q. Jkz-kv: 75, Fm kap-Zm-bfn-\npw \mw Hmtcm kmn-Isf sImp-h-v, Ah-tcmSv \n-fpsS sXfn-hp-I \nc-p-I Fp]d-bpXm-Wv. Atm \nbw bmYmyw Am-lp-hn\p am{X-am-Ipp Fh Adn bpw. Jp-B\ns ASn-m-\-n-e-m-sX Ah sIn--a--sXmw Ahscsmv hgn-am-dn-tmhp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. An-bm-Av: 24-, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\v _plm, lJv, ZnIv Fo aqv t]cp-Ifpw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Aq ({]-Im-iw): Aq: 35-, Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Im-i-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 15-16, \n-bw, \nv Am-lp-hn\nv hy-amb {]Im-iamb {Kw hp-I-gnp, AXp-sImv Ahs Xr]vXn ]n]-n-b-hsc, Fm taJ-e-I-fnepw c-bpsS amK-ntev \bn-p-I-bpw, Ahs thp-I-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ahsc AImcfn\nv {]Im-in-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Ibpw, Ghpw sNmmb amKn-tev \bn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv Fp-]dn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 157, A-Km- _p: 8 kq-fn, BcmtWm apl-Zv \_nbn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, At-ls in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, klm-bn-p-Ibpw, At-ltm-sSmw Cd-s {]Im-is ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Aq- am{X-amWv hnPbwhcn-pI Fp]d-n-p-v. Am-lphpw Jp-B\pw {]Im-i-ambXn-\m, Am-lp-hn-tev Fn-s-Sm JpB\mIp {]Imiw ]qn-bm-pI Xs thWw. A-Im-cfn Xn-SbmsX - - Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Im-i-ap-]-tbm-K-s-Spn Pohn-p--h-cmWv Am-lp-hns {]Xn\n-[n-I. hnizm-kn-IfpsS Ftm-gp-ap {]m\: "R-fpsS {]Imiw Rv \o ]qn-bm-n-tc-Wta, Rv \o s]mdp-pXcnIbpw sNt-tW-ta, \nbw \o Fm- Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i- Xs-btm', Fm-bn-cn-p-sav Xlvcow: 8 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\m-Ip {]ImiwsImv Al-m-cw, Akq-b, Xt]m-cn-a XpS-nb ss]im-NnI kz`m-hsf-sbmw Icn-p-Ifv kzK-n-tev - (A-m-lp-hn-tev) Xs Xncn-p-t]m-IemWv Pohn-Xeyw. I]-Shn-izm-kn-I Jp- B-\m-Ip {]Im-is DuXn-s-Sp-m {ian-p-hcm-sWpw, Fm Amlp - Ahs {]Im-is ]qn-bm-pI Xs sNp-sapw Xu_: 32, kz^v^v: 8 kq-fnepw ]d-n-p-v. I]-Shn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw \msf hnizm-kn-ItfmSv {]Imiw tNmZn-p-Xm-sWv lZoZv: 13 ]d-n-p-v. Am-lphns\smpw, Ahs ZqXam-sc-smpw hniz-kn-h Xs-bmWv Jp-B\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-b-h-cpw Jp-B-\ns kmn-I-fp-sapw, Ahv Ah-cpsS \mYs ASp- {]Xn-^-e-hpw {]Im-i-hp-ap-spw BcmtWm Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Xn-dbp-Ibpw sNbvXX,v Aq- Xs-bmWv \c-Ins kl-hm-kn-Isfpw - lZoZv: 19-epw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-Bs Bi-bn\v shfnw \Ip {]Im-i {K-sav lv: 8-epw, epJvam: 20-epw ]d--npv.

apJ-hpc

23

imlnZv (km-n): lqZv: 17-, Atm Hcp-h Xs \mY-\n \np sXfn-hn-em-Wv, At-ln\v Ah-\n \np Hcp kmnsb Xnem-hv sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-p-ap-v, B kmnpapv Camapw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb aqkm-bpsS {K-hp-ap-v. Aq- AXn hniz-kn-p-p. kwL--fn\nv Bsc-nepw AXns\ aqSnsh-p-I-bm-sW-n, Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv \c-IamIp-p. AXpsImv \o AXns Imcyn kwi-bm-ep-hm-I-cp-Xv. \n-bw, AXv \ns \mY\n\np kXyw Xsbm-Wv. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. BcmtWm Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh--Xv, Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw \-s--h Fv _Jd: 121-epw, kmn-bmb Jp-B aqSn-sh-h Ghpw henb A{I-an-bm-sWv _Jd: 140-epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 147, Ben-Cw-dm: 60 kq--fn, kXyw (l Jv) \ns \mY-\n\np--Xm-Wv, Atm \o kwi-bm-ep--fn s]p-t]m-I-cpsXv ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 19-, Am-lphpw Jp-B\pw Xs-bmWv Ghpw henbkmn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Jp-B A\p-Iq-e-am-bpw, {]Xn-Iq-e-ambpw kmywhln-p-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. BcmtWm Jp-B ]mcmbWw sNbvXv AXn\v hncp--amb PohnXw \bn--Xv, AhsXn-cm-bpw, BcmtWm JpBs\ kmy-s-Spn PohnXw \bn--Xv, Ahv A\p-Iq-e-ambpw Jp-B hmZnp-I-bpw, kmn \np-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Pohn-Xw JpB-\m-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv apl-Zv \_nsb Iv, B PohnXw P\-v kmys-Sp--W-sav _Jd: 143,- lv: 78 kq--fn ]d--npv. lnIvav (X-Xz-m-\w): kqd: \lv: 125- lnIva-p-sIm-pw, Ghpw \ kZp-]-tZ-iw-sImpw \o \ns \mY-s amK-n-tev P\-sf Wn-p-I Fp-]dXnse lnIvav - Jp-B-\nse XXz-\n`-c-amb kq--fm-Wv. lqZv: 1, XXz-\n`-c-amb kq--fS-nb Hcp {K-am-Ipp CXv, ]ns AXv kv]-hp-am-Wv. bpn-m\nbpw {XnIm-e-m-\nbpamb- Hcph-\n\nmWv Cu {Kw Ah-Xcn-n-p--Xv Fpw, bmko: 2, XXz-\n`-c-amb JpB\p-amWv kXysapw, Ben-Cw-dm: 58-, {]hm-NItc, CsXmw \mw \ns tInpsImn-cn-p kqfpw XXz-\n`- c-amb lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep- A\p-kva-c-W-hp-amIpp Fpw ]d-n-p-v. JpB kq- {Ia-n Iqn-tbm-Pn-nv a\-n-em-p-Xn-\p Ign-hn-\mWv "lnIvav' Fp-]dbp-X.v _Jd: 269-, BmtWm "lnIvav' e`n-X,v Ahv - hn t\w e`np Fp-]-d-n-p-v. C_vdmlow \_n Cu lnIva-n\v thn {]mn-n-cp--Xmbn Ap-A-dm-Av: 83- ]d-n-p-v. epJvam\v lnIvav \Inbn-p-s-pw, AXv Am-lp-hn\v \n-{]-ISn-n-m thn-bm-sWpw kqd: epJvam: 12- ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 23-38 kq--fn XXz-\n`-c-amb hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]d--Xn-\p-tijw 39- ]d-bpp: AsXmamWv \ns \mY-\n\np lnIvan\nv (X-Xz-m-\-n\n-v) \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-n-p--Xv. AXv

24

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Am-lp-hn-t\msSmw asm-cmsf \o Cem-lmbn sXsc-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m-\m-Wv. AYhm \o As\ sXsc-s-Sp-p-Ibm-sW-n A[n-n-]vX\pw ImcpWyw hne-s--h-\p-ambn \c-I-Kn Fdn-b-s-Sp--Xpam-Wv. auC-fv (k-Zp-]-tZ-iw): kqd: bq\pkv: 57-, Hm a\p-jytc, \nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n\np D]-tZiw hpIgn-p. AXv \n-fpsS s\p-I-fn-ep kwi-b-v ia-\-hp-w hnizm-kn-I-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-pv. _Jd: 66-, B kw`-hs (i-\n-bmgvN \mfns\ [n-cn-p-sImv ao]n-Sn-hsc \nyam-cmb Ipc-p-I-fmnb kw`-hw) \mw Ah-cpsS apnepw ]nn-ep-ap--hv Hcp KpW-]mT-hpw `amv Hcp "auC-fzp'amn Fp-w, BenCw-dm: 138-, CXv (JpB) samw a\p-jyp {]Jy-m]-\-hpw, ap-Jo-v kamKhpw k-Zp-]tZ-ihp(auC-fv)am-Ip-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v. \n-bam-bpw \mw \nv, \nfpsS app-hcpsS D]-a D-Zm-lcWfpw ap-Jo-v kZp-]tZ-ihp-amb, \psS - - - hyamb kq- Cd-n-gn-p Fv Aq: 34- ]d-n-p-v. auCfv Fp]d-m, Bibw kv]amb XXz\n`-camb JpB kq-fpsS kam\-amb Iev]-\-I-fpw, hntcm-[--fp-am-Wv. \lv: 125- ]d auCf-p lk-\v (Ghpw \ kZp-]-tZiw) Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. bq\pkv: 57 ]d auC-fn\v kZp-]-tZ-iw, ap-dn-bnv, XmoXv Fsmw Bibw hcp-pv. a\p-jyv sam-ap kZp-]-tZ-i-amWv Jp-Bs\nepw `am am{Xta kZp-]-tZ-i-ambn ]cn-K-Wnv AXv ]n]-p-I-bp-q. in^mAv (tcm-Kia\w): - - samw a\p-jycpsS s\p-I-pn-ep kwi-b-am-Ip tcmK-n\v i-a\-am-bn-smmWv Jp-B Cd-n-bsXv bq\pkv: 57- ]d-n-p-s-n, ^pkzne-v: 44-, Cu Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv kamKhpw tcmK-i-a-\-hp-am-sWv ]dbm-\mWv \_n-tbmSv Iev]n-n-p-Xv. hnizm-kn-Ifm-h AXp-sIms A-cpw _[n-c-cp-am-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. ]c-a-Im-cp-WnIs C-Zm-kam X-fpsS \mYs kq- lrZ-bns `mj-bn Hman-n-s-m AXp-sIms _[nccpw Acp-ambn hogp-I-bn-sv ^pJm: 73- ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 82-, Cu Jp-B\n hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-ia\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-ap-s-pw, Fm A{I- - an-IXv \-a-msX hn-n-pI-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Iv Cu JpB Ah-cpsS hnizmkw hn-n-m CS-h-cpp-sa-v Xu_: 124 ]dn-p-s-n I]-S-hn-izmkn-IXv amen-\y-n-\pta amen-\y-a-msX hn-np-Ibn-smWv 125 ]d-n-pXv. (A^m: 24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). \nbw, Cu Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh--h-v AsXmcp Zp:J\n-anw Xs-bm-sWv AlmJ: 50- ]d-n-p-v. Atm GsXmcp Imcy-n-ep-ap kwi-bfpw Dd-mb JpBsImv ZrV-t_m[yw hcp-n-sb-n am{Xta Hcm hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bp-q. (Pm-knb: 20 t\mp-I). dlvav (Im-cpWyw), ^fv (Hu-Zm-cyw):

apJ-hpc

25

_Jd: 105, Ben-Cw-dm: 74 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp Ah\p-t-in-p--hsc Ahs Imcp-Wy-n-\pthn sXsc-s-Sp-p-p. Amlp al-mb HuZm-cy-ap-S-b-h-\pa-tm. ChnsS ImcpWywsImpw, HuZmcywsImp-apt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\mWv. bq\p-kv: 58-, \_n-tbmSv ]dbm Iev]npp: Amlp-hns HuZm-cywsIm-pw, Ahs Imcp-Wyw-sImpw \n DuwsImpI, AXmWv \n Hcp-an-p-Iq-p at-Xn-t\-mfpw D-aam-bn-p-Xv. Ah \Inb Adnhn\nv Ah-\p-t-in-XmsX Hcmpw Hpw Dsm-m km[ya-sv - _Jd: 255- Amlp ]d-bpp. Atm BcmtWm lrZbwsImv Fs \mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-Wta Fv {]mn-p-sImv Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbn-p-Ibpw, tIp-Ibpw sNp-Xv, Ahv B JpB D]-Im-cs-Sp-XmWv. Jp-B-\mWv sFizcyw, AXn\ptijw Zmcn-{Zy-an-, AXpIqSmsX sFiz-cy-hpan Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-pv. \lv: 64-, P\- `nn-n-p hnj-bn hn[n-I]n-m-\-msX \n\v \mw Cu {Kw Cd-n-bn-n, AXv hnizm-knI-fmb Hcp P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Xs-bmWv Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v. AXn\m hnizm-kn-I Chn-sS-shv Xs JpB\ns shfn--n Ah-cpsS hnNm-cW \S-t-Xm-W.v kqd: apl-Zv: 24-, Atm Ah Cu Jp-BsImv DuwsImv {]uV-cm-Ip-n-t, AtXm Ah-cpsS lrZ-bv ]qn-n-cn-p-IbmtWm Fv tNmZn-p-p. AYhm Jp-BsImv Am-lp-hns `qan-bn Xe-bp-bnsImv Ncn-p-hcmWv kamK-n-sev apIv: 22-epw, Jp-B Inn-bnv ]nSnh-n-bn-msX \ny-cmbn Cl-n Pohnhsc apJw-Ipn \c-In-tev hen-ng--s-Sp-sa-pw, Aq-cmWv hgn-]n-ghcpw, Ghpw tami-s m\-p--h scpw Ckvdm-Av: 97-98epw, ^pJm: 34-epw ]d-n-p-v. (An-km-Av: 113 Iqnhm-bn-p-I). Cam-w (ap-n \np--Xv): kqd: AlvJm-^v: 9, \_n-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bm I]n-pp: Rm {]hm-NIam-cn Bcw`w Ipdn-h\, Fs-smpw \n-sf-smpw FmWv - - Amlp {]hn-m-\p-t-in-p--sXv F\nv Adn-bp-I-bp-an, F-\nv Znhy-kt-iambn e`n-XmsX Rm ]n]p-p-an-, Rm hy-amsbmcp XmoXpImc- \-msX am-cp-a. 10-, CXv Am-lp-hn \np-Xm-Wv, Fm \n AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-p. kmn-bmb Jp-B-s\ kXys-Sp-p Hcp kmn (Xu-dm-v) Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-IfpsS ]ep-v. Atm Ah Cu Jp-B-\n hniz-knp, Fm \n Al--cnv ]nn-cn-bp-p. \n-bw, Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-em-p-IbnXs. 11-, Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-I hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: Cu Jp-B-\n \-bp-sn R \n-tf-m AXn-tev apI-Spambn-cp-p, Fm Ahv AXpsImv kamKw e`n-n-. Atm Ah Jp-B-\n-s\-pdnv CXv ]gb hymPam-sWv ]d-bp-p. (CXv Xs-bmWv Cs `qcn-] apkvenwIfpsS Jp-B-\nt\m-Sp- kao]-\-hp-sav Jp-B-\ns\ _kzm-C-dpw auC-f-p-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-

26

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Spp--hv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv). 12-, Cu Jp-B-\papv Camapw ImcpWy-hp-amb aqkm-bpsS {K-ap-spw, Cu {Kw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--Xpw, Ad_n `mj-bn-ep-Xpw, A{I-an-Iv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Xpw, Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ncn-p--hv ip`hm-Zm-b-I-hp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 71, hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm-hscbpw Ah-cpsS Cam-an-s\bpw sImv hnNm-cWv hnfn-p-Xm-Wv. Atm BmtWm heXpIn {Kw Inn-b-Xv, Ah XfpsS {Kw hmbnp-Xm-Wv, Ah-tcmSv Xcnpw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bp-an-. 72-, BcmtWm Cl-tem-Iv Ah-cpsS "Cam-an-'t\mSv AX \Sn--Xv, Atm Ah IqSp-X A-\pw, kamK-n \nv ]ng--h\pw Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sav ]dn-p-.v (_-Jd: 67 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I). J_-dnshv \ns "Camw' Bscv tNmZn-p-tm, Jp-B- Fv Dcw ]dbm Ign-b-W-sa-n Cl-n B Jp-B-\ns\ ]n]n Pohn-pI Xs thWw. Cl-tem-Ipshv \ns Camw Bscv tNmZn-p-tm Jp-B-\n\pw apl-Zv \_n-pw ]Icw aZvl_ns Camap-I, kwL-S\m t\Xm- XpS-n atsXnepw krn-Isf Cam-am-sWv ]d-bp-hv ]c-tem-I-pshpw icn-bmbn Dcw ]d-bm Ign-bn-sv hfsc hyamWv. Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 kq--fn, Fm Hmtcm a\p-jycpw AhcpsS `m-Ky\n`mKy (I-tcJ) X-fpsS ]nc-Sn-bn hln-p-p-spw, Jnbm-a-p\m-fn \mw AXns\sbmcp Xpd, {]Im-in-p ]pkvXIambn Ducn-sb-Spv sImSp- pXpw, \o \ns {]h\ {Kw hmbn-p-I, Ct-Zn\w \ns hnNm-cW \Sm \o Xs Gw aXn-bm-bh\tm Fv ]d-bp-Xp-am-Wv. Ilv^v: 49, kpa: 69, Pmknb: 28-29 kq--fn ]d {Khpw CXp Xs-bm-Wv. \_n (k) ]Tnnp: \n Jp-B-\ns\ apn \S-Ww, AXv Am-lp-hn \np--Xpw, Ah-\n-tev Dhen-bp-Xp-am-Wv. \n AXns\ ]nn-em-nbm, AXv \nsf \c-I-n-tev Xnhn-Sp--Xm-Wv. AXp Xs-bmWv AI-_q-v: 45-, JpB\ns BibamWv ]c-a{]-[m-\sav ]d-Xns s]mcp-. Npcp-n BcmtWm Ahs samw Pohn-Xn Jp-B\ns Bibw IqSp-X tIp-Ibpw, hmbnp-Ibpw, Nnn-p-Ibpw, ap--h-cp-ambn N sNp-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Ah-cpsS {]h-\-tcJ hmbn-m sImpXpw, {Xmkn Xqw e`n-p--Xp-am-Wv. heXp-ssI-bn {Kw e`n-p--hcpw Ah Xs-bmIpp. apsslan (Imp-kq-n-p--Xv): "apsslan' Fp]d-Xn\v Imp-kq-n-p-I, kwc-n-p-I, tat\mw hln-p-I, ]cn-]m-en-p-I, ]np-W- \Ip-I- Fsmw Bi-bap-v. Atm JpB AIn-Xm-_ns apsslan-\m-bn-mWv h-sXv ]d-Xns kmcw CXs{X: ]q-th-Z--fn-e-S-nb Fm ssZhnI in-W--fp-sSbpw kmcmwiw hnip-- JpB-\n \nn-]vX-am-bn-cn-p-p. hn-]pn hyXym-k-at\y Imem-h-km\whsc kpc-n-X-ambn Cu Jp-B \ne-\npw. \ne-hn-ep ]q-th-Z--fn Amlp-hns kq--fpw, a\p-jy-h-N-\-fpw IqSn-p-g-n-p-s-nepw Jp-B-\ns kmywhgn Ah Xn thXn-cnp a\-n-em-m Ign-bpw. AYhm Jp-B\ns

apJ-hpc

27

in-W-sm-v ImWp-h Am-lp-hns hN-\-hpw, Jp-B\ns A[ym-]\-sXn-cm-bn-p-sXmw a\p-jy-\nnX-hp-am-Ip-p. Jp-B h-Xn\p-tijw C\n ]qo-I{K-fn am-ncp-ep-I km[y-am-hw Jp-B Ahsb - Impkqn-p-p. liv: 23 ]cm-ain "apsslan' Am-lp-hmsW-n amCZ: 48-se apsslan Jp-B-\m-Wv. lZokv (h-am-\w): Cu P\Xsp]n, Ahv Cu h-am\w icnpw {Kln-m km[n pntm F Bi-bn-emWv An-km-Av: 78- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. 87-, Amlp, Ah-\-msX thsd Cem-ln--X-s. Ay-\m-fn Ah \nsfmh-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-pI Xs-sN-pw. AXns Imcy-n bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-. Amlp-hns kwkm-c-tm kXy-k--amb kwkmcw amcptS-Xm-Wp-X-v Fp-w, Am-lp-hn-t\-m Ghpw kXyw]d-bp--h- ]ns Bcp-v? FvAn-km-Av: 122epw ]d-n-p-v. apk-emv: 50-epw AAvdm^v: 185-epw, Atm \n Cu h-am-\-n-\p-tijw C\n at-sXmcp h-am-\-n-emWv hniz-kn-m t]mIp-sXv tNmZn-p-p. CsXmw Am-lp-hns kq--fmWv, \mw \n\v AXv kXy-tm-Sp-IqSn Xnem-hv sNbvXp-Xcn-Ibm-Ip-p, Atm Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs - kqpw tijw at-sXmcp h-am-\-n-emWv Ah- hniz-kn-m t]mIpXv Fv Pmknb: 6epw tNmZn-p-p. kpa: 23- Amlp, Ghpw \-ham-\amb, D]a D-Zm-l-c-W- Bhn-p-h-cp--Xp-amb kq--fp {K-an-dnsbpw Jew: 44-45, BI-bm Fsbpw Cu h-am\sbpw If-hm-p-h-s\ hntpI, Ah Adn-bm hn[-neqsS \mw Ahs\ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn ]nSn-IqSp-Xm-W,v Ahv \mw Ctm kmh-Imiw \Inbn-cn-p-Ibm-W,v \nbw \psS X{w i-amIp-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ghpw \ h-am\w Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-amb Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. \_n hN\am-Is, AXv lZvb (Im-cy-Im-cW_-n\XoX-ambn e`n-p Jp-B- - - \ns hni-Zo-I-cWw) B-Wv. Fm Cv Bm-hn-s\bpw ico-c-sbpw Xncn--dnbm thZ-hm-l-I \_n hN\-s lZokv Fv t] hnfnv Jp-B-\n-s\bpw \_n hN-\-sbpw If-hm-p--Xmbn ImWmw. AYhm Jp-B a\-n-em-p-Xn\v Jp-B Xs aXn, Fm \_n hN-\-amb lZvb AXns hni-Zo-I-cWw a\-n-em-p-Xn-\m-Wv. DZm-lcWambn Bmhv sImp \a-kvIm-cs-p-dnv - - Jp-B ]d-n-pv, Fm icocwIqSn ]s-Sp-p-sIm-p \akvImcw AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb \_n hN-\-n-em-Wp--Xv. JpB\ns Bibw \ne\np--Xn\v thn \a-kvImcw \ne-\npIsb-mWv Xzmlm: 14- Amlp Iev]n-n-p-Xv. Atm {km-hns samw krn-Ip apJ-]{X-amb JpB-\ns Bibw hmbn-msX krn-I-fpsS apJ-]-{X- (Zn-\-]-{X-, kwLS\m {]kn-o-IcW, I-imkv{X {K-, kmln-Xy-{K-, `uXnI hnZym- - - `ym-k-n-\p {K- apX-embh) hmbn-p-h \nsI-hcpw \ntj-[n-I-fpamWv.

28

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

kpv (Ncy): Am-lp-hns Ncy Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm Jp-B {XnIm-e-m\n-bpsS {XnIm-e-m-\-am-Ip-p. Ckvdm-Av: 77-, \n\papv \mw Ab-n-p kIe {]hm-N-Iam-cnepw \S-n-p \psS Ncy-bm-Wn-Xv. \psS Ncy-I-fn bmsXmcp amhpw \o ImWp-I-bpan- Fpw, ^Xvlv: 23-, CXn\papv Ign-pt]m-bn-phcn Amlphns Ncy Xs-bm-Wn-Xv, Atm Am-lp-hns Ncy amn-a-dn-p--Xmbn \o Is-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Alvkm_v: 61-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I i]n--s--h-cm-sW-pw, Ahsc Fhn-sS-sh-v, Ftm Ip-apn-bmepw ]nSn-IqSn h[n-p-I-f-bpI, Fp-]-d--Xn-\p-tijw 62-, AXv Xs-bmWv apIgn-p-t]m-b-h-cnepw Am-lp-hns \S-]-Sn-{Iaw, Am-lphns Ncy amw hcpp--Xmbn \o Is-p-I-bn- Fpw ]d--npv. ^mXzn: 43, Ah `qan-bn Al--cn-p, kXys ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\v thn KqV-X{w {]tbmKn-p. Fm Zpjn KpV-X{- AXns Bfp-Isfs-bmsX _m[n-pI-bn-. Atm ]qn-Icn \S-n-em-nb Am-lp-hns NcybmsX Ah C\n FmWv Imn-cn-p--Xv? Atm Am-lp-hns Ncy amna-dnp-Xmbn \o Is-p-Ibn, Am-lphns Ncy amn-sh-p-Xmbpw \o Is-p-Ibn- Fp]-d-n-p-v. (A-n-km-Av: 26 t\mp-I). Jew: 4, \nbw \o (ap-lZv \_n) al-mb kz`m-hn Xs-bmWv Fp-]dXn, al-mb kz`mhw sImp-t-in-pXv Jp-B\ns kz`m-ham- Wv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS kz`m-h-s-p-dnv At\z-jn--h-tcmSv Bbni (d) ]dp: At-l-ns kz`mhw Jp-B\mWv. AXm-bXv \_n Ncy Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. Fm Cv apkvenwI {km-hns {Ks Ah-K-Wnv krnI cq]-s-Spnb I-imkv{X {K--sf-bmWv ]n]-p--Xv. Ghpw \ h-am-\-amb Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv, hnizm-kn-Isf]n lZokpw, kp-p-an-m--hcm-sWv ]d-bpIbmWv Ah sNp-Xv. Hcp P\X X-fpsS {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSv A{Iaw {]hn-p-Itbm Xn-dbp-Itbm sNp-Ibm-sW-n Ahv B tZiv - A[n-IImew XpS-cm Ign-bp-Ibn-. Hp-In Am-lp-hns in Ahsc \in-np-Ifbpw, As-n atsX-nepw P\X Ahsc Pbn-Spw, AXp-as-n {]hm- - N-IamcpsS A\p-bm-bn-I Ahsc AXn-Pbn-p-XpamWv. Jp-Bs\ Ah-KWnv Pohn-p apkvenwI-tfmSpw Am-lp-hns Ncy CXv Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. Hcp P\X {Ks Pohn-n-m Xm-dn-s-n AXn\v Xm-dp asmcp hn`m-Ks AhcpsS m\v sImp-h-cp-sav An-km-Av: 133-s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn ImWp-I. cnkme-v (ktiw): am-CZ: 67, Hm {]hm-N-Im, \ns DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv \n\-h-X-cn-ns-Xv \o a\p-jys-np sImSp-p-I. A{]Imcw sNbvXns-n \o Amlphns ktiw (Iv) Fn-p-sIm-Sp-h-\m-bn-cnpIbn. a\p-jy-cpsS D]-{Z--h-fn\nv \ns cn-p-hm-\mbn Amlp Xs aXn. \nbw, Amlp kXy-a-dnp aqSn-sh-p- Hcp P\-Xsb kamKn-tep \bn-p-I-bn Xs

apJ-hpc

29

Fp]-dn-p-v. \qlv \_n (A) Xs P\-XtbmSv Rm Fs dns ktiw (F-gp-v) \nv Fnp Xp, Rm \n-v KpW-Imwn-bp-am-Wv, \n-fdn-bm-Xv Rm Am-lp-hn\nv Adnbp--h-\p-am-Wv Fp-]-d-Xv AAvdm^v: 62epw, lqZv \_n BZv kap-Zm-b-tmSv "Rm Fs dns ktiw \nsnp Xp, Rm \nv hniz--\mb KpW-Imw-n-bp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-Xv AAvdm^v: 68epw ImWmw. kzmenlv \_nsb YaqZv kap-Zm-bntev \ntbm-Kn-pI-bpw, Ahv ZrjvSm--ambn HIw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. B H-Is [nmc]qw Ah Adp-tm aqp Znh-kn\ptij-w A-h \in-n-s-p. As\ Ah-cpsS Ah-in-jvSfn\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp-tm kzmenlv \_n a\-n - ]d-bp-IbmWv: Hm Fs P\-ta, Rm \nv Fs dns Iv FnpXp, Rm \n-tfmSv KpW-Imw-bp--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm \n KpW-Imw-nI-sf CjvS-s-Sp--h-cm-bn- Fp-]-d-Xv A-Avdm^v: 78-79epw, ipsF_v \_n \in-n-s aZvb hmkn-Ifn\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp-tm: Hm Fs P\ta, Rm \nss dns ktiw Fnp Xp, Rm \n-tfmSv KpW-Imwn-bp-am-bn-cp-p, As-n Rms\-n\v \ntj-[n-Ifmb Hcp P\-XbpsS ta Zp:Jn Ww? Fv a\-n ]d-Xv A-Avdm^v: 93epw ImWmw. kzK-n\n-v, k-{k-mhns samw krn-Ip kt-i-amWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw. AXv hmbnv a\-n-emn PohnXw Nn-s-Spn adp-]Sn \Im-h ]nim-Nns IqsS \c-In-tev t]mtI-n-hcpw. `uXnI Pohn-Xn Hcp t\n-\p-X-Ip Hsc-gpv (hn-k, tPmenp \nb-a\w t]mep-h) e`n-Xv GsXmcp `mj-bn-em-sWnepw AXv a\nem-n {]hn-m a\p-jy Pm{K-Xbp-h\m-Wv. Fm {km-hns Iv e`n-nv AXv kzbw D]-tbm-KnmXn-cn-p-Ibpw, D]-tbm-Kn-m ap--hv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h \n-sI--h\pw \-s-h\p-am-bn-cn-pw. - Aam-\v (D-c-hm-Zn-w): Alvkm-_v: 72- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-am-bn-pw \mw Aam-\-ns\ BIm-i`q-an-IfpsS t\cbpw, ]XfpsS t\scbpw shp-\o-n, Ah AXv hlnm hnk-Xn-p-Ibpw, AXn-s\sm-v IpWvTnXs-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm a\p-jy\Xv Gs-Sp-p. Ah Ahn-th-In-bpw, A{I-an-bpw Xs-bmbncp-p. 73, Cu Aam\mb Jp-B a\p-jys\ G]nXv Bi-b-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw, Jp-B Inn-bnv Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX, Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw hnfnv {]mn-p--Xn-\v ]Icw CSbm-fam-scbpw ip]mi-m-scbpw P]np-I-bpw, Ahsc hnfnv {]mnp-Ibpw, t\-hgn-]mSpI Ah-\msX Ahs krn-Iv \on-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXv Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw inn-m thn-bpw, hnizm-kn-Ifmb ]pcpjam-cp-sS-bpw, kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw ]m Xm]w kzoI-cn-p--Xn\pw thn-bpamWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. apAvan\q: 8, hnPbwhcn- p hnizm- k n- I Ah- c psS Aam- \ - p- I fpw, DS- - S n- I fpw

30

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Impkqnp-h-cm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Atm hnizm-kn-I, `qan AXns kp-e\n \ne-\nm-\p D]-IcWamb Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbnv Pohn- - - X-n Ign-pt]mb sXp-Ip- Xncn-dn-bp-Ibpw, lrZ-bw-sImv Ah-sbmw lrZ-b-ns Ah--b-dn-bp Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. appImev Jp-B- Bi-b-ns A`m-h-m X\nv kw`-hn sXp-Ip- ap a\p-jy-v kw`-hn-m-Xn-cn-m-\pw, kw`-hn-h-cn\nv Ah \on-I-fbm\pX-Iphn[w Jp-B-\ns Bibw Ah-cn-tev Fn-m ka-bhpw kpw, Fm A\p-{K-lfpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-Xm-W.v AXmWv \nfn Ghpw D-a Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\m-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw. X^vko (hym-Jym-\w): Ah \ns ASp-tv Hcp tNmZyhpw (D]-abpw)-sImv hcp-n-, AXns bYm Dchpw, C\n Ay-\mhsc-bph AXp-t]m-ep Hcp tNmZyhpw tNmZn-t--Xn-m hn[-n-ep Ghpw \ hymJym\hpw \mw \n\v \Inb-m-sX Fv ^pJm: 33- ]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\ns hni-Zo-IcWw \_n-bp-tS-tXm, ap hyn-Ifp-tStXm A. An-km-Av: 105, \nbw \ns-ta \mw Cu {K-an-d-n-bXv, Amlp Dt-in--X-\p-k-cnv P\-n-S-bn hn[nIev]nm-\mWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Xzmlm: 114-s Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cnv Jp-B tIm-\pw, ]d-bm-\pw, Jp-B-\n-s\-p-dnv Nnnm\pw XpS-p-tm "Fs \mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-Wta'Fv BmhpsImv hn\o-X-\mbn {]mnpI XsthWw. Jp-B-\ns\ hni-Zo-I-cn-t-Xv JpB kqsImpw, \_n-hN\sImpw Xs-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv Jp-B hni-Zo- - I-cn-p--h "Fs A`n-{]m-b-an-XmWv' Fv Hcn-epw ]d-bm ]mSn-sv am{X-a , adnv Amlp Ahs krn-I-fn-eqsS hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bmWv. Jp-B kqfpsS Cs kml- N - c y- nep hnhv "auC- f - p lk\v'Fp-]-d-bp-p. AYhm Jp-B\nse kv]-amb kq--fpsS kam-\ amb Iev]-\-I-fpw, hntcm-[--fpamWv AXp-sImv Dt-in-pXv. ^pJm: 33- ]d Ghpw \ hni-Zo-I-c-W-n s]Sp--Xp-am-WXv (_Jd: 66, Ben-Cw-dm: 138). Fn-\mWv Jp-B? bmko: 69-, FmWv JpB Fp-]-d-n-\p-tijw 70- Amlp ]d-bpp: BmWv Poh-\pXv, Ahv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\pw, Im^n-dp-Ifp-sS-ta \ymbw m]n-X-am-Ip--Xn\pw thn-bmWv Jp-B Cd-n-b-Xv Fv. ^pkzn-ev: 26-, Cu Jp-B \n tI-cp-Xv, \n A]-iap-m-p-I, - Fn \n AXn-P-bn-tmw F \bw ssIsIm-n-cp am apivcnp-I acn--hcpsS ASptm, J_-dn-\-Sptm Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNbvXn-cp-n. ABw: 36-, \n-b-am-bnpw \n\v adp-]Sn \IpI tIp--h- am{X-am-Wv. acn-h-tcm, Amlp Ahsc ]p\Po-hn-n-p-Ibpw ]ns Ah-\n-tev Xncn-p-

apJ-hpc

31

sImpt]mhp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Adqw: 5253, \nbw \o acn--hscbpw, hnfn-p-tm hnfntImsX ]nn-cnpt]mIp sNhn tIm--h-scbpw, hgn-tI-Sn A-cmbn hnl-cn-p Ipcp-Sam-scbpw tIn-p-Ibnspw, adnp \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, \apv kkzw kanp Pohn-p--hscbpw am{Xta \o tIn-p-I-bpq Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv Cu kq-- ]mcm-bWw sNp apkven, Bi-b-a-dn-bm-Xv ImcWw AXns I]-\I [ncnp-sImv acn-hpw J_-dm-fn-Ipw Jp-B HmXn-tn- phcmbn A[:]Xn-n-cn-p-IbmWv. AXn\v ]Ww hmn _Jd: 174 {]Imcw X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xo \nd-p--h-cp-ambn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bpamWh. Bi-b-a-dnbmsX \a-kvIm-c-n-em-sWnepw Jp-B HmXn-bm hnn\nv Av sXdn-pt]m-Ip thK-n Zo\n\npw sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-pw, Ahs-Xnsc HmXnb Jp-B kmn \npI-bpw, hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-sav \_n (k) ]Tn-n-sXmpw Ah ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. JpB Inn-bnv AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw sNp--hcpw, As-n AsXm-sWv a\-n-em-m {ian-m-hcp-amWv Ghpw henb - A{Ian-Isf-pw, Ah ac-Wkabv kzns\-Xn-cmbn R Im^n-dpI Xs- - bm-bn-cpp Fv kmywh-ln-p-Xm-sWpw AAvdm^v: 37- ]d-n-p-.v ABw: 130 kam-\-amb Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. Npcp--n Rm Im^n-dmsWv ]d-bmsX Hcm-sfbpw \oXn-am-\mb Amlp \c-In {]th-in-n-p-Ibn. kpa: 59- Amlp ]d-bpp: A; \n-bw, \n\v Fs kq- hp-Inn, \o AXns\ Xn--d-v Al--cn-p, \o Im^n-dp-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp. A-Bw: 26- Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B e`n--h kzbw AXn-s\-smv XS-bp-Ibpw, ap-hsc AXn-s\-smv XS-bp-Ibpw sNp-Ihgn, Ah-sc-s-bmsX - \in-n-p-n, Fm AhcXv Xncn-dn-bp-n-. Atm samw a\pjyp Jp-B, lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn A-hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ah-cn JpB-\ns Pohn-Xamb {]hm-NIs PohnXw kmys-Sp-p-Ibpw sNm-Xn-cp-m, Ahs-Xn-cm-bnv Jp-B\pw {]hm-N-I\pw A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-Xm-Wv. JpB\ns Bi-bs Ah-K-Wnv Pohn A{I-an-I hn[n-Znhkw ]d-bp--XmWv: Hm! Fs \miw, Rm Cm-en-hs\ B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Spnp-mbncpnsn F{X \mbn-cp-t-s\, Ah-\m-Wtm JpB\ns Bibw F\nv hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw AXn\nv Fs XS--Xv, ]nimNv a\pjy\v alm-h-I Xs-bm-bn-cnp-p. AYhm ]nim-Npw, a\pjynim-Np-fmb I]-Shn-izmknIfpw (ABw: 112) JpB\ns Bi-bn \nmWv Fs XS-sXv \msf kzbw hne-]n-pcwKw ^pJm: 29- Amlp ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-cnpp. 30-, Cu Jp-B\pw sImp-hv {]hm-NI, Fs \mYm, Fs Cu P\X, Cu Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wn--XmWv Chv h ZpK-Xn-sbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKhpw XmoXv \In-bnp-v. Ilv^v: 57, kPZ: 22 kq--fn, Atm Xs \mYs kq- lrZ-

32

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

b-ns `mj-bn Hmannnv ]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv ]gb PohnXw \bn-p-h-t\-m As-n Ahs ssII {]hn sXp-Ip-- adv Pohnp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv? Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNp--XmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Jkzkv: 48-50, Xudm-pw Jp-B\pw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-p cv amc-W-fmsWpw, \n-bw, R Fm {Khpw \ntj-[n-p-p Fpw ]dhtcm-Sv, Fm Ch cn-t\-m (Xudmv, Jp-B) kamKZi-I-amb Am-lp-hn \np-sm-cp- {Kw \n sImp-h-cn-I, Rm AXv ]n]-n-smmsav ]d-bm-\mWv \_n-tbmSv Amlp I]n-p--Xv. Atm \n\v Ah adp-]Sn \Ip-n-s-n \o Adn-n-cnp-I, \n-bw, Ah Ah-cpsS tZtl--I ]n]-p--h-cm-Ip-p. Am-lp-hn \np kamKw IqSmsX Xs Csb ]n]-p-h--t\-m Ghpw hgn]n-g-h Bcpv? \n-bw, Ccw A{IanIfmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-nem-p-Ibn Xs. _Jd: 67, \n-bw kXyw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-phcpsS (I-]-S-hn-izm-knI) Imcy-n, \o ap-dn-bnv \Iepw As-n \o ap-dn-bnv \Im-Xn-cnepw Ah-cp-sS-ta ka-am-Wv; Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-pw tIhn-Ipw Amlp ASv koep-(ap-{Z)sh-n-cn-p-p, Ah-cpsS ImgvNIpw Hcp aqSn-bp-v, Ahv hn in-bpam-Wp--Xv Fp]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^nJq: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp: I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Imcy-n \o s]mdp-ens\ tXSp-Xpw, s]mdp-ens\ tXSm-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Amlp Ahv s]mdpp-sImSp-p-I-bn-. \nbw Am-lp [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn Xs. _Jd: 27, Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv Ip-ap-nbtijw AXv ewLn-p--hcpw, Amlp tNm In- _- apdn-p-Ifbp-hcpw, `qan-bn \miap-m-p-hcp-amb sXm- - Sn-I Xs-bmWv ^mkn-Jo-fpw Fmw \-s-hcpw. Ah Xs-bmWv I]-ShnizmknI-sfv Xu_: 67-epw, Ah-cpsS taemWv Am-lp-hns im]-ap-sXpw, Ahv Ghpw Zpjn `h-\-hp-am-Wp--sXv dAvZv: 25epw ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 63-, BcmtWm Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw \-s--h-scpw, _Jd: 99-, sXm-Sn-I-f-msX Am-lp-hns kq- aqSnsh-p-Ibn Fp-w ]-dn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 172-173 kq-fn ]cm-ain-p Am-lp-hp-ambn kzKnshv sNbvX DS-Sn, Jp-B\n-eqsS DWn-bnv AXv ]men-m--h Xs-bmWv ^mkn-Jo-. A-Av-dm^v: 102, apv \in-n--s \mp-Im-cn A[n-I-t]-scbpw DS-Sn ]men-p--h-cmbn \mw Is-n-bn-, Ahcn A[n-I-t]-scbpw DS-Sn ewLn-p sXm-Sn-I-fmbnv Xs-bmWv \mw Isn-b-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. liv: 19-, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-sc-tm-se-bm-I-cp-Xv, Am-lp-hns\ ad-m Ah Ah-sc--s-bmWv ad--Xv. Aq- XsbmIpp sXm-Sn-I. I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fmb ]pcp-jamtcmSpw kv{XoItfmSpw, \ntj-[n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p -

apJ-hpc

33

Ip^v^m-dp-ItfmSpw Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv \c-IK-nse Xobm-Ipp, Ahv AXp-a-Xn, Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn-p-p. Ahv mbn-bmb in-bpam-Wp--Xv Fv Xu_: 68-epw, Jp-B aqSn-sh Bfp-I h[n-s-ncn-pp Fv A_k: 17-epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 159-161, \n-bw, Amlp Cd-n-bn-p sXfn shfn-]mSpw, {Kn P\- v shfn- h m- p- - X n\pthn Amlp Ah- X - c n- n- np kamKhpw aqSn-sh-p-hcp-tm, Ah-sc-bmWv Amlp i]n-n-p-Xv, i]np- -h-scmw i]n-n-p--Xpw. \n-bw, JpB aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, \ntj-[-n-\pta \ntj-[n-bmbn ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNp--h-cp--tm, Ah-cp-sS-ta-emWv Amlp-hnsbpw, samw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]-apXv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. An-kmAv: 140-, Jp-B kq Am-\v D-cn-p-I-bpw, hf-sm-Sn-p-I-bpw, aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp I]-Shn-izm-kn-Isf-bpw, AXv tIn-cn-p Im^n-dp-Isfbpw Amlp \c-I-n Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 145-, Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. AlvJm-^v: 35-, sXm-Sn-Ifmb Hcp P\-XbmsX \in-n-s-Sptam Fpw, ABw: 47-, A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-b-msX \in-n--s-Sptam Fpw Amlp tNmZn-pp. Npcp-n Fm-hcpw [nm-cn-Ifpw sXm-Sn-Ifpambn amdp-tmgmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I. `qan-bpsS Bbpv \om-\p GI amKw Jp-B-\ns Bibw P\--fn-tev Fn- am{X-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 40-, \n-bw, Jp-B kq- If-hmn Xn--d-bp- ^mPndpIpw (apkvenw km[m-cWmpw), AXnt\mSv Fmw ]Tn-hscv Al- - -cn-p-Ibpw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp ap\m-^n-Jp-Ipw (apkvenw ]WvUnXampw) Amlp BIm-ins IhmS- Xpd-p-sIm-Sp-p-Itbm Xpmcs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xp-hsc Ah kzK-n {]thin-p-Itbm C. A{]-Im-camWv {`mamv \mw {]Xn-^ew sImSp-pI Fp-]d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 17-, Atm JpB kq- hf-sm-Sn-v, aqSn-shv Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n-ap ]d-bp-ht\-m As-n JpB kq- Bibw a\-n-em-m {ian-msX Xn--d-bp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv? \n-bw, Ccw {`mam hnPbw hcn-p-I-bn Xs Fp-]dn-p-v. Jp-B\n ap-sm-Xv CS-fn apPvcnwIsf ({`mam) - Ipdnv ]d-bp-p-v. ChnsS-sbmw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, Jp-B Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX, Ahchsc Xncn--dnbmsX, ]WvUn-Xscp[cnv I]-Shn-izmkn-Isf ]n]-p km[m-cWm-cpw tN- XmWv apPvcnao-. "\o tIm]n-s-hcp-sS-bpw, hgn-]n-ghcp-sSbpw amK-n-e' - - - F ^mnl: 7mw kqw ]mcm-b-Ww sNp-tm Cu cphn`m-K-m-cnepw tN-cpsXmWv a\-nep-m-bn-cn-t-Xv. Npcp--n Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n \nv Im^ndpI, A{IanI, [nmcnI, {`mam, sXm-Sn-I, \mi-Im-cn-I, ey-t_m[w \-s

34

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Kzmho-, {]-b Km^n-eo-, hn-X-cm--s--h, \ncm-i-s-Sp--h, apivcno-, \in-n--sSph, If-hm--p--h, AXn-{I-an-I XpS-n-b- \s-Sp hn`m-Ksf Xncn-dn-bm-\pw, Ah-cpsS kz`m-hfpw, {]h-\fpw hn- m\pXmWv Jp-B. CltemIv ]nim-Nnsbpw XmKq-p-Ifp-sSbpw sIWnbnhoWv \c-I-n B]-Xn-msX kzK-n-te-p GI-h-gn-bn k-cn-m\pap--XmWv Jp-B\ns Bibw. Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw: Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-m-\pw, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-v ap-Jo--fm-Im-\pap-XmWv Jp-B. 6236 kq- kan-p Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bw-sImv Iv \S-fn-epw, Ccp-fn-epw, InS-fnepw - - Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw "Amlv' F kvac-W- \ne-\nm-\p-apXmWXv (Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191, An-km-Av: 103, PpapA: 10 t\mp-I). _Jd: 152- Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm \n Fs kvacn-p-hn, Rm \n-sfbpw kvacnmw. \n F\nv \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-hp-I-bpw, \n-tISv ImWn-p--hcmImXn-cnp-Ibpw sNp-I. Npcp-n hnizm-kn-I, ap-Jo-, kpIr-Xhmam, Amlp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h, a\-m--hm-Nm--IW Amlp-hn\v kan-h, Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h, Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-ph, Am-lphn\v \n-{]-I-Snnp--h, Am-lp-hns apn hn\o-X-cm-b-h, Am-lp-hns\ Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sp--h, am-ep-, a-sImv D]-tZ-in-p--h, sscyaph, \ D]-tZ-in-p-h, Xn XS-bp-h, hnP-bn-I, eyw kmm- XvI-cn-p--h, ]pWym-m-, hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzKn t]mIph XpSnb-hcpsS e-Wsfmw a\-n-emn kzK-n-te-p GI-hgn-bn Ncn- p-Xn-\p-w, Cl-]c Pohn-X-hn-Pbw t\Sp--Xn\pw thn-bp--XmWv Jp-B. Alv: 97- Amlp ]d-bpp: BWmbn-cn--s, s]m-bn-cn-s, BcmtWm kI- {]hn-p-Xv, Ah hnizm-kn-bp-amWv Fn \mw Ahsc Cln Hcp ]cn-ip--amb PohnXw \bn-n-p--Xpw, ]c-n Ah {]hn Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn {]Xn-^ew \Ip-Xp-am-W.v (An-km-A:v 124, Xzmlm: 112, apAvan: 40 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Jp-B-\n 99 kq--fn ]cm-ain-p- ]nim-Nn-s\ Jp-B-\ns Bib-n\nv Xncn--dn-v, Ahs amKw shSnv, PohnXw Am-lp-hn\v thn am{X-am-m-\p-XmWv Jp-B. Amlv F kvac-Wbp-m-Ip-tm C_m-Zv Am-lp-hn-\m-Wv. Amlv F kvac-W-bn-m-sXbp PohnXw ]nimNn-\mbn amdpXpam-Wv. ae-p-Ifn-ep hnizmkw: Jp-B-\n sXmq-n-sbm-Xv kq--fn ae-p-Isf ]cm-ain-n-p-v. ae-p-I BcmWv, Ah F-s\-bp krn-IfmWv, Ahv ad-Imcyw Adnbp-tam, {]]ns `c-Why-hbn Ah-cpsS ]smWv, a\p-jy-cp-ambn AhcpsS _samWv, Pnp-Ifpw Ahcpw Xn-ep hyXymksamWv, ap krn-

apJ-hpc

35

I-fn\nv Ahp {]tXy-IXsbmWv XpS-nb Imcy-sfmw a\-n-em-n ae-p-I-fn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p--XmWv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw. Pnp-I Bcm-sWpw, Ah-cpsS icocw FpsImmWv krn-s-sXpw, Ah-cpsS Iq-n hnizm-kn-Ifmcm-sW-pw, \ntj-[n-Ifmcm-sW-pw, Ahv a\p-jy-cp-am-bp _sam-sWpw, Ahv Jp-B-\p-am-bp _samsWpw, Hmtcm-cp--cnep-ap Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m-\p GI D]-I-cW-samsW-pw, Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m-Xn-cp-m-ep `hn-jyv FmsWpsamw a\-n-em-m-\pXmWv Jp-B. {]hm-NIam-cnep hnizmkw: {]hm-N-Iam Fm-hcpw Xs Amlp Xr]vXn-s PohnXw, Pohnv ImWnpXcm {km-hn-\m \ntbm-Kn-shcpw, {kmhv Xr]vXn-s GI PohnX-hyh-bmb Ckveman Xs h-hcp-am-Wv (_Jd: 136,285, B-en-Cw-dm: 19,85). Jp-B \I-s--hv apl-Zv\_nsb Ah-cpsS km-\-sf Adn-bp--Xn-ep]cn Adn-bp-sav _Jd: 146, A-Bw: 20 kqfn ]d-n-p-v. {kmhv Ignm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Ghpw IqSpX ]cm-ains krn aplZv \_n-bm-sWv ImWmw. Fm Jp-B\ns ico-cn aqkm-bpsS t]cmWv -IqSp-X XhW ]d-n-p--Xv. Hcp en Ccp-]-n-\m-em-bn-c-n]cw {]hmN-Iam hn-p-s-nepw Ah-cnse Ccp-]-v t]sc-p-dnv am{Xta Jp-B\n t]scSpv ]d-n-p-q. samw JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv Ah-cpsS PohnXw a\nemn Ahsc ]n]-p-I-bpw, kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNptmgmWv {]hm-N-Iam-cn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-I. BZw apX Ay-\mh-sc-bp P\-fn\nv {]hm-NIamcpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw tN GI kwL-amWv Am-lp-hns kwLw. Ah am{X-amWv hnPbw h-cn-p--h (am-CZ: 56, apPm-Zne: 22). hnhn[ {]Xn-knL-fn-eIs-Spn ]co-n {]hm-NIamsc, c-s-Sp-n-btijw - - Amlp ]d-bpp: A{]-Im-camWv hnizm-kn-Isf \mw c-s-Sp-p-Isbv (bq\pkv: 103, A-n-bm-Av: 88). ap\m-^n-Jq: 8, Am-lp-hn\pw, Ahs {]hm-N-I\pw, hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv {]Xm-]ap-X,v Fm I]-Shn-izm-kn-I AX-dn-bp-n Fp]-d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns ASp- am{X-amWv klm-b-hpw, {]Xm]hpw tXSp-I. Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]n]-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImmWXv. Fm I]-Shn-izmkn-I `qcn-]ns ASp-emWv {]Xm]w At\z- jn-p-I, Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knIv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-sImv ktm-jhm Adn-bnpI Fv Ankm-Av: 138- ]d-n-p-v. Fm {]hm-N-Iam-cpsSbpw PohnXw apl-Zv \_nbn kt-fn-n-pv. \ntbm-Kn-s-Xv ap-X Ay\m-hsc-bp samw a\p-jy-cn-te-mWv apl-Zv \_n \ntbm-Kn-s-n-psXv AAvdm^v: 158, k_-Av: 28, An-bm-Av: 107 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d-n-pv. Fm hnizm-kn-I am{X-ta At-ls {]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-v ]n]p-I-bp-q. ap--h-scmw An-km-Av: 59,80,115 kq--fpsS Iev]-\-I Ah-KWn-p-sImv ]WvUn-Xamscbpw kwL-S\m t\Xm--sf-bp-amWv ]n]-p-I.

36

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

An-km-Av: 59- Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Am-lp-hns\bpw, Ahs ZqX-s\-bpw, \n-fn\np ssIIm-cy-Im--sfbpw A\p-kcn-pI. Atm \nfpw \n-fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-fpw GsX-nepw Imcyn `nn-m AXv Am-lp-hn-tepw dkq-en-tepw aS-p-I. Atm Ay\mhsc-bp hnizm-kn-Iv Bob t\Xmhv apl-Zv \_n am{X-am-Wv. B \_n ]Tn-n Hcp-Im-cy-n\v hncp-ambn, a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--sfmw sFIy-sv ]d-mepw hnizm-kn-I AXv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-. Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXnbm ]pWy-an-sv apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-sn AXn\v hncp--ambn ap\m-^nJp-I am{Xa, samw a\p-jycpw Pnp-Ifpw Hcp-anp tNv ]d-mepw hnizmkn-IXv kzoIm-cy-a-. \_nsb [n-cnp-sImv tIaam-cmb t\Xm--sfbpw, ]WvUn-X-scv A`nam-\n-p a\p-jy-]n-imNp-sfbpw ]n]-p \ntj-[n-IfpsS apJw, \msf \c-In adn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm Ah ]d-bp-XmWv: lm! RfpsS \miw, R Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-NIs\bpw A\pkcn-n-cp-s-n! Ah - ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \n-bw, R t\Xm--sfbpw tIaam-scbpsamw A\p-kcn-pIbpw, Atm Ah Rsf bYm hgn-bn\nv ]n-g-npIf-bpIbpw sNbvXph-tm. AXp-sImv R-fpsS \mYm, Ahv \o in-bn\nv Ccn hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-m-epw, Ahsc A[n-I-cnv i]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXm-epw Fv hne]n-p cwKw Alvkm-_v: 66-68 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-pv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ahsc ]n]-p \ntj-[n-Ifpw \c-I-n ]c-kv]cw i]n-p-, FXnp cwKw _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-IcWn ImWm-hp-Xm-Wv. Cmcy-sfmw a\-n- - emn Cl-n\nv Xs Jp-B- kan-p kzK-n-te-p GIhgnbn Ncn-pXn\v thnbmWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv. Ah-km-\-ImeL-n Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Jp-B-\n-s Bibw AWp-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snncn-m-\mWv apl-Zv \_n (l-p hnZm-C Xs) ]Tn-n-n-pXv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Camapw kwL-hp-an-mb-h--bn Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv GsXnepw ac-ns aqSv ISn-p]n-Snp ac-Wwhsc \ne-sIm-m-\mWv lpssZ-^-Xp bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-v Dcw \Insmv Ay-\mh-sc-bp a\p-jysc apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS GI kwL-sam-gnv _mn-bp kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcnpIfpw, ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]-h-cp-amWv (ap-Pm-Zne: 19). _Jd: 176 t\mp-I. {K-fn-ep hnizm-kw: samw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw a\-n-em-p-tm am{X-amWv {K-fn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-I. Am-lp-hn\nv GI {Kw am{X-amWv `qan-bn hn-p-Xv. hnhn[ Ime-Lfn-tev AhX-cn-n-s thZw AXmXv Ime-Lfn-te- - - - p hn[n-hn-ep-IfSn-bn-p-Xm-sW-n Ahsb kXy-s-Sp-pIbpw, Imp- - kq-n-p-Ibpw sNp Jp-B Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h a\p-jyp-Xpw, Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p--Xpw, AP--hpw, AXp-ey-hpw, am-n-cp--epIv hnt[-b-amm km[n-m--Xp-amb {K-amWv. Jp-B h-Xn-\p-tijw

apJ-hpc

37

AXns\ \ntj-[n--hv \c-I-amWv lqZv: 17- hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv. _Jd: 2324-, bq\p-kv: 38 kq-fn, Jp-B\ns Imcy-n kwi-bap-hcm-sW-n, - 114 kqd-p-Ifp CXnse Hcp kqd-n\v kam-\amb Hv sImp-hcm Amlp shp-hn-fn-n-p-v. Fm B shp-hnfn kzoI-cn-m a\pjycpw Pnp-I-fpw, Fm-hcpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sn- {]hn-mepw km[y-a-s-pw, Atm Am-lp-hn \np Cu Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-mh Im^ndmsWpw, Ccw Im^n-dpIv a\p-jycpw Ip-Ifpw hnd-Imb \cIw Hcp-n-sh-n-p-spw XpSv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 121-, {Kw \Is--h AXv Xnem-hv sNthn[w sNp-sapw, AXn Ah hniz-kn-p-sa-pw, BcmtWm AXns\ aqSn-sh--Xv, Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv PohnXw \-s-hscpw ]d-n-p-.v Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp I]-S-hn-izmkn-Ifpw Jp-B Xnem-hv sNp-w, Fm Ah-cXn hniz-kn-p-Itbm, AXns hn[n-hn-ep-I ]n]-p-Itbm sNmhcm-sWv _Jd: 44- ]d-n-p-v. \n-bw, \nv \mw Hcp {K-an-d-n, AXn \nsfpdnv A\p-kva-cn-n-n-p-v. Atm \n Nnn-p-nt Fv Anbm-Av: 10- Amlp tNmZn-p-p. BcmtWm kzs Xncndn--Xv, Ah Ahs \mYs\ Xncndnp Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-npv. Atm Ah-c-hscbpw DS-a-sbbpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p--XmWv {Kw. Jp-B-\ns Bm-hmb BibwsImv am{X-ta AXv km[y-am-hpIbpq. _n\: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-bw, {K-s aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, {Kw Inn-bnv Bibw ]Tn-msX {Kn\v hncp--amb hnizmkw ssIsIm-v invv (A-m-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp-I) sNp-hcpw \c-Io-bn B]-Xn-p-Xpw, AXn \nXyhm-kn-I-fpam-Wv. AhcmWv Ic-bnse Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw \nIr-. 7, \n-bw, hnizkn-pIbpw, kI- A\p-n-pIbpw sNp--h-cmWv Icbnse Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw \-bp--h-scpw ]d-n-p-v. AXpXsbmWv, \n-fn Ghpw D-a Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h-\m-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. A^m: 22-,55 kq--fn, \n-bw, Am-lp-hns ASp- PohPme-fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dn-bh JpB-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, ap--h-tcmSv ]d-bm--h-cpw, JpB-\ns Bibw tIm Ign-bmhcpamb, _pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m a\pjycmsWv ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns hntcm-[ A\p-hZ\o-bambn sImp- \-S-p--h Jp-BsImv hniz-kn-n-n Fv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. JpB-\ns hntcm-[- hn-p--Xn\v AXns Bibw a\-n-em- A\n-hmcy-am-Wv. ]c-tem-In-ep hnizmkw: ]Xn-\v hb-n\v tijw ac-Ww-hsc-bp Pohn-Xnse Hmtcm \nan-jsp-dnpw \Kv\cmbn, \Kv\]m-Z-cm-bn, tNem-I -c-ln-X-cmbn BWpw s]pw Hbvsm-bvv Xs DS-abpsS apn hn[n-Zn-hkw Dcw ]d-tb-n-hcp-w. B t_m[n \ne-sIm-p-h-cmWv ]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-p--h. B t_m[-an-msX

38

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Pohn-m AhcpsSXs tIhn-bpw, ImgvNbpw, sXmen-Ifpsamw Ahs-Xn-sc kmyw-hln-p-Xp-am-Wv (Ckvdm-A:v 36, bmko: 65, ^p-kzn-ev: 1924, knkm: 45). Jp-B-\n aqn-semv kq- ]c-tem-Iphcmt]m-Ip cwK- hni-Zo-I-cn-p-XmWv. hnP-bw-h-cn-p ap-Jo- ]ctemIn ZrV-t_m[y-ap--h-cm-sWv _Jd: 4 ]dnp-v. ]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-m- {`mam-sc, \msf X-fpsS \mYs apn Xe-Ip-\n-hcmbn \n-s-Sp-tm - Ah ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, R DmgvN Ip (\-cIw IpAImkp: 67), R \c-I-nse Cc--ep-I-sfmw tIp, Rsf kI- sNp--Xn-\p-thn Hp-IqSn sFln-I-tem-I-tv Xncnbm-epw, \n-bw, Rv ZrV-t_m-[y-ambn Fv hne-]n-p cwKw kPZ: 12- ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. (^mnl: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). \bpw Xnbpw Am-lp-hn \nmsW hnizmkw: \ Am-lp-hn \npw, Xn ]nim-Nn \np-am-Wv. Fm Bm-hn\pw \bpw Xnbpw \In-bn-p-.v "Amlv' F kvac-Wbp-m-Ip-tm \ am{Xta hcn-I-bp-q. Am-lp-hns\ ad Ah--bn Ah Xs Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\mb ]nim-Nns he-b-n s]Sp-I-bpw, Atm Xn ]nSn-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Amlp Ahs\pdn-pw, ]nim-Nn-s\-p-dnpw Jp-B\ns Bi-bn-eqsS Hmtcmcp--scbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv "apAvan'Bb Am-lp-hns\ (liv: 23) lrZ-b-n kqn-p hnizm-kn-I-v ]nim-Nn \np Xn-tbp-Itbm B-]v hcn-I-tbmbn-. A^m: 24 {]Imcw hnizmkn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n Am-lp-hm-Wp--Xv, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m \ntj-[nI-fpsS lrZ-b-n ]nim-Np-am-Wp--Xv. I]-S-hn-izmkn-I, Ahsmcp \e`nm, CXv Am-lp-hn \nm-Ip-p Fpw, Gsnepw Xn ]n-Sn-s]Sp-tm CXv \nn ({]-hm-NI-\n) \nm-sW-pw ]d-bp-p. \o ]d-bpI \_n-tb: Fmw Am-lp-hn \np--Xm-Ip-p. Cu P\Xsp]n, Ahv Cu h-am\w icnpw {Kln-m km[-npntm Fv Ankm-Av: 78--epw, \ns _m[np GXv \bpw Am-lp-hn \np--Xm-Ip-p, Fm \ns _m[n-p GXp Xnbpw \nn \np-X-s-bm-Ip-p Fv 79-epw ]d-n-p-v. BIm-i-`qan-I-fnepw Ah-n-S-bn-ep a\p-jy-c-S--ap k-Ncm-N-c-fnepw kw`-hn-p Fm-Im-cy-fpw {kmhv t\cs \n-bn-n-p-Xpw, AsXmcp {K-n tcJsSp-n-bn-p--Xp-am-sWv Xu_: 51, bq\p-kv: 61, lqZv: 6, CkvdmAv: 13-14, lv: 70, \wev: 75, ^mXzn: 11, bmko: 12, lZo-Zv: 22, k_-Av: 3 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d-n-pv. AdAvZv: 38, C_vdm-low: 11, apAvan: 78 kq-- {]Imcw Znhym-p-X-sfmw Amlp Ahs krn-I-fn-eqsS {]I-Sn-n-p-I-bmWv F hnizmkw cq]s-Sp-p-Xn-\pw, AmsX {]hm-NIamtm aep-Itm alm-m-tm kz-ambn Hcp Ign-hp-an-s-pw, Ah-scmw Xs ]q-ambn Am-lp-hn\v ASn-as-Sp--h-cm-sW-pw, Ahs kmao]yw t\Sp--Xn\pthn a-cn-p-sImncn-

apJ-hpc

39

phcmW-pap hkvXpX Xncn--dnv \ntj-[n-I-fn s]Sm-Xn-cn-m Jp-B\ns Bibw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 19 {]Imcw Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- kzoIm-cy-amb Pohn-X-k-{-Zmbw Ckvemw am{X-am-sWv Xncn--dn-v AXv AwKo-Icn-m\pw, 85 {]Imcw h-h\pw Ckvema-m Hcp Pohn-X-k-{-Zmbw B{Klnm Amlp kzoI-cn-p-Ibnspw, Ah ]c-tem-In \-s-h\m-bn-cn-p-sapw - ChnsS \np-Xs Xncn--dn-bm\pw thn-bmWv Jp-B. Xu_: 34- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bpp: \n-b-am-bn-pw, ]WvUn-X-]p-tcm-ln-Xamcn A[nIhpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-I-bpw, Jp-B-\n-s Bi-b-n (Am-lp-hns hgn-bn) \nv Ahsc XS-bpIbpw sNpXm-Wv. Ccw Imcy- a\-n-em-n-smv Ah-cpsS Nqj-W-n\v hnt[-b-amImsX Am-lp-hn-te-p GI-hgn-bmb t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n \ne-sIm-p-Xn\pw thnbmWv JpB. A-Im-kp: 8 {]Imcw Fm A\p-{K-l--sf-p-dnpw \msf tNmZn--s-Sptm Ghpw henb A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-B ]Tn-m-\pw, ]Tn-n-m\pw thn sNe-h-gn ka-bw, A[zm-\w, kzm[o-\w, kv XpS-n-b-hsbmw Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn hn\n-tbm-Knp Fv Dcw]d-v kmbq-Py-abSbm thnbmWv Jp- B (_-Jd: 265-266 t\mp-I). apIv: 22 {]Imcw Am-lp-hns `qan-bn FhnsSbpw, Ftmgpw Bscbpw `b-s-SmsX, B{i-bn-msX Xe-bp-bn-smv Ghpw t\cmb amK-n Ncn-m- thnbpXmWv Jp-B. Am-]w ^pJm: 34 {]Imcw hn[n-Znhkw apJwIpn \c-I-n-tev hen-n-g--sSp Ghpw hgn]n-g--h-cmbn A[:]Xn-p-Xm-Wv. {]m-\Iv Dcw Inm-\pw, \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv, lv XpS-nb I- kzoI-cn--s-Sm\pw _Jd: 186- cv D]m-[n-I ]d-n-p-v. (1). Jp-B ]n]-p-I, (2). Jp-B-\ns Bibw kan-p Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-t-hn[w hniz-kn-p-I. 6236 kq-fpsS Bibw kan-p Am-lp-hns\ a\n-emn hniz-kn--em-WXv. Atm Acw hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta {]m-\Iv Dcw e`n-p-I-bp-q. Ahcn\nv am{Xta \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv, kImv, lv XpS-nb GXpI-fpw kzoI-cn-s-Sp-Ibp-ap-q. lv a\p-jy-tcm-SmWv In-n-p-Xv F-Xp-sIm-v, hnizmkn BIm-sXbpw lv sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm hnizmkn BIptmtg \n-ln lv kzoI-cn-s-Sp-Ibp-q. Im^n-dpI-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn- am{X-amWv Fv Ad-AvZv 14epw, apAvan: 50epw ]dn-p-v. Ah-c-h {]hn-p GsXmcp Imcy-hpw kzoI-cn--s-Sm _plm\mb Jp-B\ns Hcp kq`mK-sa-nepw Dm-h \n_--am-Wv. (_J-d: 147, An-km-Av: 174 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). Fp-sImv Jp-B? `qansb \in-n-p-Ibpw, `qan-bn cw Nnp-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izmknI-fpsS kz`mhhpw {]hr-nbpw Xncn--dn-v, Jp-BsImv Ahsc DWn Pohn-Xeyw Xncn-dn-bp-hcmn amn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne-\np-Xn-\pw, - hmbp, shw XpS-n-bh aen-\-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m-\pw, `qan BSn-bp-ev t]mIm-Xn-

40

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

cn-m BWn-sb-tmWw m]n-n-p ]-X- bYm-m-\v Xs \ne\nn, {]IrXnsb AXns kp-e\-n \ne-\nm klm-bn-p--Xn\pw Amlp \n-bn Pohn-Xm-h[nhsc ChnsS kam-[m-\-Po-hnXw \bn-p--Xn\pw Jp-B BibwsImv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q. hKo-b-X, tZio-b-X, hwiobX, kzm-X, kzP-\-]--]mXw, Akq-b, Al-m-cw, Al-, s]m-w, ]pdw]qv \Sn- XpS-nb ss]imNn-I- kz`m-h shp]pemXn-cn-pIbpw {kmhns Xr]vXn-bn ap--hsc Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bpw, {km-hns tIm]-n ap-htcmSv tIm]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv hnizm-kn-I-fmbn Pohn-p-Xn\pw JpBsImv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q. Iv, Im-hv, ab-p-a-cp-v, kzhKkw-t`m-Kw, hy`n-Nm-cw, sIme-]m-X-Iw, _emkw-Kw, If-hv, h-\, Ih, sIm, sImn-sh-v, I--S-v, ]qgvnsh-v, Icn, ambw-tN, Afhv Xq-n Ir{Xnaw ImWn-, ]en-i, Ipg]Ww, NqXm-w, ssIqen hmp-I, sImSp-pI XpS-nb amK--fn-eqsS P\-fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-Xambn Xnv \c-In Icn-s-Sm-Xn-cn-m thnbpw amc-Ww, a{w, cmin, ssItcJ, iIp-\w, \-{X-^ew XpS-nb Dulm-t]m-l-fne[nn-X-amb ss]im-NnI hnizm-k-fn\nv a\p-jysc tamNn-X-cm-p--Xn\v Jp-B\ns Bibw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. PpapA: 5, Igp-X-tbm-Spw, PqX-tcm-Spw D]an A{I-an-Ifmb P\-Xbn s]Sm-Xn-cn-m\pw, AAvdm^v: 176-, Jp-B\ns Bib-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn-epw, Jp-B Fv?, Fn-\v?, Fp-sImv? Fsmpw a\-n-em-m {ianmsX Jp-B-\ns\ Xn--d D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwh-cm-, \mhp\on Bn-]qv `qan-bn HmSn-\-Sp \mb- t bmSv D]- a n P\- X - b nepw Ds- S m- X n- c n- m Jp- B Bi-bw-sImv am{Xta Ign-bq. APvav: 39- Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jyv Ah Dt-inv {]hn--XmsX C. GsXmcp {]hrn sNp-tmgpw Amlp Ahs lrZ-bn-te-mWv t\mpXv. lrZ-b-ns Ah t\mn-bn-mWv B {]h\w Amlp hnebn-cppXv. Amlp lrZ-bfpsS Ah-bdn-bp-h\mWv Fv km[q-Icn-p- - - sImv `b-tm-Sp-w, hn\btm-Spw-IqSn, \mhpsImv "Amlv' Fp-]dbmsX lrZ- bw-sImv Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-hcmWv hnizm-kn-I. Amlp lrZ-bns - Ah--b-dn-bp--h-\ Fp-I-cpXn \mhpsImv Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-p-I-bpw, hmgvp-Ibpw sNp-h {]-bhcmsW-pw, hnizm-kn-I AXn s]p-t]mI- cp-sXpw AAvdm^v: 205- ]d-n-p-v. bqkp-^v: 3, Cu Jp-B Inp-Xn\v apv \o (\_n) {]-b--h-cn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Npcpn PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\v thn-bm-n Ahs {]mXn\n[yw hln-p-Xn\v Jp-B\ns samw Bibw \n_-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n I Am-lp-hns\ ac-W-k-a-bv BmhpsImv Iv ktm-jtm-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-Xn\pw (Jzn-bma: 22-24), AdAvZv: 28- {]Imcw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv imnbpw Ddpw e`n "\^vkvapXv-a-C'

apJ-hpc

41

BIp--Xn\pw, ^-Pv: 27-30 {]Imcw Hm! imnbpw Ddpw e`n Bmth, \o \ns DSabntev, DSasbsmv \obpw, \ns-smv DSabpw ]c-kv]cw Xr]vXns-p-sImv Xncn-p-h-cn-I, \o F\n-p-thn Pohn-p-I, Fs kzK-n {]thin-p-sIm-pI Fp]d-b-sv Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-p--hcn Ds-Sp-Xn\pw Jp-BsImv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bpq. BcmWv JpB kan-p Im^n?: Jp-B\ns Bibamb ^pJm Inm-Xv ImcWw sXp-Ip- sNpIbpw ]noSv Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn B sXp-Ip---sfmw Am-lphnt\mSv lrZbwsImv Gp]d-bpIbpw sNbvXm, Ah apgp-h\pw H-b-Snv Htc ka-bv ambvp-I-f-bp-sav kpa: 53- ]d Amlp, 55- AXn\v D]m-[nbmbn \n-fpsS \mY\n\nv \nv Cd-n-bn-p Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw, acWw \nv hcp-Xn\p apv Ghpw \\nebvv ]n]-p-I Fp]dn-p-v. Jp-B\ns samw Bibw ]n]-m Ah-kcw Inn-bnv ]n]-m Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-Ibn-. Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p- I]-Shn-izmknIfpw Jp-B kq- hp-In-n-bnv D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-m ^mPn-dp-Ifpw \c-In kl-hm-kn-Ifpw Ah-c-Xn imiz-X-cp-amWv (_Jd: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI). BcmtWm Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p-Xv Ahv ITn-\amb in-bp-spw Amlp Ah-tcmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNp-sapw BenCwdm: 4epw ]dnp-v. Jp-B kq- hp-In-n-bnv Ahsb Xn-dbp-Ibpw Fmw ]Tn-h- cm-sWv Al-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-h acn-p ka-bv X Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv kzbw kmywhln-p--XmWv. Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n Amlp-hn hniz-kn-m--h, Jp-B kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, \_n-h-N\w kzoI-cn-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h, Am-lp-hns ZqXam-cn Nnesc kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw, ap-Nn-esc kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-h, Jp-B kq- NneXv kzoIcn-p-Ibpw NneXv Xnc-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h, abn-ep-Xv kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, aZo-\-bn-ep-Xv kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h, AYhm samw JpB-\ns Bi-bs kzK-n-te-p Sn-mbn (X-Zvn-dx) D]-tbmKsSpm Bfp-I-fmWv bYm kXy\ntj-[n-Isfpw, Ccw Im^n-dp-Iv AXn-\n-yambin Hcp-n-sh-n-p-spw An-km-Av: 150-151 ]d-npv. _Jd: 85, Ahv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw ]c-n AXn-ITn-\amb in-bp-amWv XmoXv - sNbvXnpXv. Am-lp-hn \np thZw hp-In-n-bn-n-m--h Im^n-dm-hpI-bn-spw, thZw hp-In-n-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--m-h-cmWv Im^n-dp-I-sfpw \nw-ibw a\-n-em-mw. Ad-AvZv: 18 ]d-bp-p: X-fpsS \mY\v Ghpw \-\n-ev Dcw \Ip-h hnP-bn-IfmWv. Dcw \Im-h Ahv `qan-bn-ep k-kzhpw A{Xth-sdbpw AXnt\m-sSmw tNpInn Jnbm-a-p\mfnse insbsmv ]Icw \Im-sav hnNm-cn-m Ah-cn\nv kzoI-cn-sSp-Ibn-. Aq-v Ghpw Zpjn hnNm-c-W-bp-v, Ah-cpsS ktXw \c-I-am-Ip-p, F{X tamis sXmn-ep-

42

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

I (BenCw-dm: 91, amCZ: 36, bq\pkv: 54, kpa: 47 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). kpa: 18 ]d-bp-p: Jp-B hN-\ {inp tIp-Ibpw ]noSv AXns\ Ghpw \\n-ep ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--h am{X-am-Ip-p Am-lp- kamKn-emn-b-hcpw, _pn-amam-cpw. Ass: 57, Atm BcmtWm Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnbn \Ip-Ibpw, A\p-kcWt-Sn\nv ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw, Ghpw \-Xns\ (Jp- - B\n-s\) kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Atm Ahs Imcy-sf \mw Ffp-amn sImSp-pIbpw, BcmtWm ]nipv ImWn-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ B{i-bnmsX kzbw ]cym]vXX \Sn-p-I-bpw, Ghpw \-Xns\ (Jp-B-s\) If-hm-pIbpw sNbvXX,v Atm Ahs Imcy-sfmw {]bmk-ap-Xmn amp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv Fp]d-n-p-v. C_vdm-low: 22, F\nv \n-fn bmsXmcp A[nIm-c-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-, \nsf Hv hnfn-p-t\mn F-m-sX, Atm \n- Fs hnfn-p-cw \In. AXp-sImv \n Fs Ip-s-Sp-t-, \n \nsfs Ip-s-Sp-n-sm-pI Fv hnNm-cW Ign-Xn\ptijw ]nimNv ]d-smgnbp- cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. apl-Zv: 89 kqfn, Amlp Cd-nb Jp-B kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-sh-pIbpw, AXn-t\mSv aSpv ImWn-p-Ibpw sNp \ntj-[n-IfpsS {]h-\- ]mgm-bn-tmbn Fp-]-dn-p-v. Npcp--n Jp-B e`n-m-, ImWm-, sXmSm Hcmsf Im^n (aqSn-sh--h) Fp-]d-bm Jp-B-\n sXfn-hn. Cv, apkven X-sfmw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Aapkven-sfmw Im^n-dp-I-fpamsWv kzbw Xocp-am-\n-n-cn-p-IbmWv. Fm apkven-fn\n-mWv Im^n-dpIfpw, A{I-an-Ifpw, sXm-Sn-Ifpw, apPvcnapIfpw, ey-t_m[w \-s-hcpw, {]b-hcpsamw Dm-hp-Isbv bYm- {Iaw _Jd : 99, amCZ: 67, ABw: 21, AAvdm^v: 40,175,179, bq\pkv: 17 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Cs apkven-fpsS PohnXw Inv Bsc-nepw JpBs\ sXn--cn-p-I-bpw, AXv kan-p Pohn-X-n-tev hcm aSn-p-I-bpw, AXns\-Xn-cn in-p-Ibpw sNp-p-s-n, `qcn-]whcp Aapkvensf JpB\n\nv XS--Xn-\p inIqSn hln-t-Xv \oXn-am-\mb Am-lp-hns tImS-Xn-bn Cs apkvenfpw Ahsc \bn-p ]WvUn-Xam-cp-am-bn-cnpw (ABw: 26 t\mp-I). hmbp, shw, shfn-w, av XpSn k-{k-m-hns Fm A\p-{K-lfpw Fm a\pjypw Hcp-t]mse Ah-Im-is-Xm-Wv. Fm Ah-s Ghpw henb A\p-{K-l-amWv Ah-\n\n-p hgn-Im-nbpw, kXym-kXy hnthN\ Dcpw thZ-{K-ns ]q-cq-]hpamb Jp-B. AXv GsX-nepw aX-tm PmXntm am{X-am-bn- Ah Ah-X-cnn-n-p-Xv (bm-ko: 70, lpP-dmv: 13). AXv kzoI-cnv Pohn-m krn-I-sf \nev Fm a\p-jypw _m[y-X-bp-v. AXn\v t]cv, thjw, aXw Fn-h-sbmpw amtXn-sv _Jd: 62epw, amCZ: 69epw Amlp ]d-n-p-v. {]hm-N-Is PohnXw kmy-s-Spn Pohn-p hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-an-m-Xn-\m Cs Aapkvenv thZ-{K-ns -

apJ-hpc

43

ASn-m-\n hnizmkw cq]-s-Spn sXp-sN-msX Pohn-mXs kzK-ntev t]mImw. apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-fn tNv apivcnp-IfmI-cp-sXv Adqw: 3132 kq--fn Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf XmoXv sNbvXn-p-apv (_-Jd: 112, 176, ABw: 158-159, apAvan\q: 51-53 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). Pohn-Xeyw: `qan-bn Ftm, GXv \mn, Fhn-sS, GXv tKm{X-n, GXv hwi-n, GXv amXm-]n-Xm--fn P\n--W-sav kz-ambn Xocp-am\nm Hcp a\p-jy\pw km[y-a. Hch[nhsc a\pjy `qan-bn \ntbm-KnsXns eyw, Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-Knv Ah-chsc Xncn-dn-v {km-hns\ Xncn-dnv kzKw ]WnbpXn\v thnbmWv. apv: 2 Amlp ]d-bpp: ac-Whpw P\-\hpw krjvSnXv Ah-\m-Wv\n-fn BcmWv Ghpw `wKn-bmbn {]hn-p-sXv t\mn Is-m thn. lqZv: 7, Ilv^v: 7 kq--fnepw CtX Bibw ]d-n-p-v. "Clvkm' Fp]d-m, \o Am-lp-hns\ ImWp-Xv t]mse\o Am-lphns\ ImWp-n-s-nepw Amlp \ns ImWp-pv F t_m[-n \ne-sImp-I Fm-sWv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AYhm Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-cmWv aplvkn-\o-. \lv: 90 Amlp \oXnbpw Clvkm\pw I]n-pp Fpw, \lv: 128-, \nbw Am-lp, Ahs\ lrZ-bn kqnp--h-tcm-sSm--hpw, Ahs\ JpB\ns Bi-b-n Ip-sImv Ncn-p--htcm-sSm--hp-am-Wv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ckm: 2, a\p-jys\ BWn-sbpw s]n-sbpw \pXzv^bn\nv krjvSn-Xv ]co-n-m thn-bm-Wv, AXn\pthns-bmWv Ah\v tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pn-inbpw \InbXv Fpw, 3, a\p-jyv, Hp-In \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h As-n \n-sI--h F cmsemcp amKw sXscsSp-p--Xn-\p kzmX{yw \In Fpw ]d-np-v. ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-I\mb \njv]hm-\mb Amlp Hcm-sfbpw kzK-n-tetm - \c-I-n-tetm Bp-n-. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw ]Wn-bp-Xv Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 185- Amlp ]d-bp-p: Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw ac-Ws cpNnpw, \n-fpsS {]Xn-^ew hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn \I-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Atm BcmtWm Ahsc A-h-c-h-cm \c-I-n\nv XS-bp-I-bpw, kzK-n {]th-inn-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXXv, Ah hnP-bn-p. Cl-tem-I- Po-hnXw hm-\]camb Hcp - - hn`hw am{X-am-Ip-p. _Jd: 281-, \n Am-lp-hn--tev aS--s-Sp HcpZn\s kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. ]ns Fm Hmtcm \^vkn\pw AXv km-Zn-Xn-\p ]cn-]q {]Xn-^ew \I-s-Sp-Xm-Ip-p. Ah- A\oXn ImWn-sSp-hcm-hp-Ibpan-. C_vdm-low: 1, Ah-c-h-cpsS \mYs CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn F ]Zw {]tXyIw {in-p-I. AYhm kamKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-cpsS DS-atbmSv tNmZnv hm-Ww. A-msX apl-Zv \_n- AS--ap {]hm-N-Iamtm ap alm-m-tm Hpw Xs Hcm-sfbpw kamK-n-te-m-m km[y-a (_-Jd: 272, Ben-Cw-dm: 30, bq\p-kv: 99-100, Alv: 111, kpa: 41, Jkz-kv: 56

44

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). kzK-hm-kn-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I \msf ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: Cu kzKw In--hw \s amK-Zi\w sNbvX Am-lp-hn-\m-Ipp k-kvXp-Xn-bpw, Amlp \s amK-Zi\w sNbvXn-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n \mw amK-Zi\w sNsh-cm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n--. \nbw \psS \mY-s- Zq-Xam kXyhpw sImph-h Xsbmbn-cp-p. \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn\v {]Xn-^-e-ambn Cu kzKw A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn FSp-psImp-I- Fv Ah-tcmSv hnfnp]d-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw (A-Avdm^v: 43). kPZ: 19--, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI A\p-jvTn-pIbpw sNp-hv kzKw hncpmbn, Ah {]hn-n-cp-Xn\v {]Xn-^eambn e`n-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. BenCwdm: 136, AI-_q-v: 58, kpa: 74 XpS-nb kq Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Atm {]hn-p--hv Inp {]Xn-^ew F{X A\p-{K-l- k-q-sa Bi-btmSv IqSn-bm-Wv. kzK-hm-kn-I Am-lphn-s\-bmWv Ahsc kamKn-I-fm-n-b-Xn\v kvXpXn-p--Xv. AYhm Ah sFlnItemIv Pohn-n-cp-Xv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bnmWvv. \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv km-Zn-p--Xv. \n Icn-p in cpNn-p-sIm-pI F Bi-b-n-emWv B-en-Cw-dm: 181, A^m: 50, lv: 9 kq-sfmw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 182, A^m: 51, lv: 10 Fo kq-, AXv (\-cIw) \n-fpsS ssII Hcp-n-sh-XmWv, AmsX Amlp Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p--h-\ F Bi-b-nepXpamWv. liv: 18- Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv ]d-bp-p: \n Amlp-hns\ kqn-t hn[w kqn-p-I, Hmtcm-cp-cpw \mtf-p-thn (]-c-temI-tv thn) FmWv km-Znv shn-p-sXv t\mn-Im-Wp-Ibpw sNp-I. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah sFln-Item-Ipshv km-Zn-Xv ImWp-Zn\w: Hm IjvSw, Rm am-bn-on-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\ Fv Jp-B aqSn-sh \ntj[n ]d-bp-XmsWv \_Av: 40- apdnbnv \In-bn-p-v. An-km-Av: 42Dw kam-\mi-bap kq-am-W.v Ilv^:v 57, PpapA: 7 kq- Iqn-hmbnpI. JpB-\ns Bm-hv: Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-I-cn JpB\n Hcp-Im-cyhpw hgn-p--h-gn-bmbn ]dn-n-. Fm Jp-B kq- ]c-kv]cw hncp--am-hpI-bp-an-. Atm Jp-B\ns hmp-I Iqn-tbm-Pnnv hmbnv a\-n-em-Ww. Jp-B\n FmIm-cy-fpw Hn-e-[nIw e--fn Bhn-n-p--Xn-\m AXn\v "akm\o' Fp-]-d-bp-p. Nne kq- \_n-bpsS Ime-tv _m[-I-a-, ]nme-mWv _m[I-am-bn hcp-Xv. DZm-lcWw: (1). ^pJm: 52- Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm \o Jp-B aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-Isf A\p-k-cn--cp-Xv, Ah-tcmSv Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNpI. ChnsS Im^n-dp-I I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fm-Wv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knI--tfmSv Jp-BsImv PnlmZv sNm-\mWv ]Tn-n--Xv (Xu_: 73 t\mp-I). AtX-k-abw \_n-bpsS Imev \S bp--sfmw hm, ]cn-N, Av, hnv, Ipw XpS-nb Bbp-[- D]-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-mbn-cp-p. Fm

apJ-hpc

45

Cv h[-an-, adnv Jp-BsIm-p PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv. (2). An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 Fo kq--fn ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf Ip-ap-p-n-Sp-shv h[n-p-I-f-bm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv I]n-p-pv. Fm Cu I]\ CXp-h-scbpw \S-nem-nbn-n-. AXv C\n Cukm-\_n h-tijw am{X-amWv \S-n-em-hp-I. \mSns tI{-amb a tI{oIcnv CXp-hsc Bcpw `cWw \S-n-bn-n-, AXpw C\n Cukm-\_n h-tijw am{X-amWv \S-n-em-hpI. t\mv, s]cp-m XpS-n-bh Jn_ve tIo-I-cnv temI-p-samw Htc-\m-fn GIo-I-cn--s-Sp-Xpw AXn-\p-ti-j-w am{X-am-bn-cn-pw. \_n-bpsS Ime-v \S-n-em-nb Nne kq- Cv \Snem-m km[ya-. DZm-lcWw: (1). hy`nPm-cn-Wn-I-sf-bpw, hy`n-Pm-cn-I-sfbpw \qdv ASn-hoXw ASn-Wsa-pw, hnizm-kn-Ifn \npsmcp kwLw AXn\v kmyw-hln-Wsapw - Aq: 2 I]n-Xv Cv \S-n-em-m km[y-a-. ImcWw Cv hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-an-, Ipw sNm--h thWw in \S-n-em-m. Cukm-\_n ]Tnn-p-I-bp-mbn "]m]w sNm--h Is-dn-bs'. Atm hnhm-ln-X-cmb kv{Xo ]pcp-jam hy`n-Pcn-m Is-dnv sIm Xs-bmbncpp Cukm-\-_n-bpsS Ime-papmbn-cp Ckvemanse in. AXv apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Imepw \Snem-n-bn-p-v. Fm C\nbpImew AXv \S-n-em-m km[y-a-. hy`n-Pm-ct-m ISp Ip-amb, {]Ir-Xnv hncp-amb{]h-np-hs\-bpw, {]hn- -s-Sp--h-s\bpw h[n-Wsav apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n enhmv (kz-hKkwt`mKw) sNm-hcmbn Bcp-an-m-Xm-Wv ImcWw. Cv hy`n-Pm-cn GsSp kv{Xo ]pcp-jam-tcm-Sp kao-]\w An-km-Av: 15-16 ]d-Xv am{X-amWv. (2). Iv \nam\w sNbvXXv hnhn[L-fn-em-bn-m-Wv. BZyambn _Jd: 219 Amlp ]dp: AXn \bpw Xn-bp-apv. AXn-ep Xn-I \-tbm A[n-I-am-Wv. tijw An-km-Av: 43-, el-cn- _m-[n--h-cmbn \n \akvIm-c-tm-S-Sp-cpsX I]\- aptJ\ IpIpSn Npcp-n. Ah-km\w amCZ: 90-91 {]Imcw ""\n-bw, Iv amen-\y-am-Wv, AXv \n hnpI'' F I]\-tbmsS aZyw kq-ambn hntcm-[n-p. Fm Cv Ah-km-\s cpIev]\bpw \a-kvIcn-p-htcm Am-htcm hI-shbvp-n-sv ImWmw. Atm Ah-tcmSv BZy-Iev]\bn ]d-{]-Imcw Jp-B\ns Bibw hni-Zo-Icn-p-sImv - aZy-]m\w \nm D]-tZ-in-pI am{Xta Cv km[y-am-hp-I-bp-q. GsXmcp Imcy-nepw Xocp-am\w ssIsIm-pXv AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-nndnb kq-sfmw Iqn-hm-bn-p-thWw. DZm-lcWw: (1). Ckvdm-Av: 23-, amXm]n-Xm-tfmSv \-bn hn-Ww, Ahcn-sem-cm \ns-bSp- hb-mbn Fnm Ah-tcmSv "sO' Fp-t]mepw ]d-bcp-Xv Fv Iev]n-n-p-s-n- epJvam: 15, AI-_q-v: 8 Fo kq--fn, ""B amXm-]n-Xm- \n\v Adn-hn-m Imcy- Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNm \n_-n-p-Ibm-sW-n Ahsc A\p-k-cn--cp-sX-pw, Ah-tcmSv Cl-n Jp-B-\ns XWen-ep _w am{Xw ]pep-I, \o Am-lp-hn-tev Xncn--h-cpsS amKw ]n]p-Ibpw sNpI'' FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv. Xu_: 23, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv

46

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

Amlp ]d-bpp: \n \n-fpsS ]nXm--sftbm ktlm-Z-c--sftbm, Ah hnizm-k-n-\p-ta \ntj-[-amWv C-s-Sp--sX-n Ahsc tXmgam-cpw, kwc-I-cp-ambn sXsc-s-SpcpXv. \n-fnemsc-nepw Ahsc sXsc-s-Sp-m, Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I. apPm-Zne: 22-, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn\-nepw hniz-kn-p Hcp P\-Xsb, Am-lp-hn-t\m-Spw, Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw hntcm[w-shp]pep-hcp-am-bn-AXv Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-tfm, ]p{Xam-tcm, ktlm- - Z-ctfm-, _p-tfm, t\Xm-tfm B-cm-sW-nepw icnaa-Xbn hn-p-h- cmbn \o Is-p-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. amXm-]n-Xm-fpsS hnizmkw cq]-sSp-m Jp-B\ns Bi-bsamw ]d-p-sIm-Spnpw Ah hnizm-kn-Ifm-ImsX ac-Ws-Sp-IbmsW-n Ahp-thn s]mdp-ens\ tXS {]hm-NIt\m hnizmkn-Itm tbmPn--X-sv Xu_: 113-epw, amXm-]n-Xm- F, Bcm-bmepw Jp-B Bibw Adnv aqSn-sh-p I-]Shn-izm-kn-Ifm-sW-n Ahp-thn - anv \a-kvI-cn--cp-sXv Xu_: 84-epw ]d-n-p-v. AlvJm-^v: 1718 {]Imcw hnizm-kn-I-fmb amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSv "sO' Fp-]-d-bp-Ibpw, Rm acn-m hopw ]pd-s-Sp-hn--s-Sp-sav FtmSv \n hmKvZw sNp-pthm Fv tNmZn-pIbpw sNp afpsS Imcy-nemWv apv Ign-p-t]mb Pnp-I-fnepw a\p-jycn-epw-s] kap-Zm-btfm-sSmw \c-In {]th-in-p-sIm-pI F hN\w nc- s-p-I-gn-Xv. Npcpn Hmtcm hynI-tfmSpw hnhn[ k`--fn ]ment hn[n-hn-e-p-I hnhn[ kq--fn-eqsS Amlp ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Am-lphns kz`m-h-am-bn-cnpw Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-Ip-m-hp-I. Adnnv Dtiy]qw Ipw sNp I]-S-hn-izmkn-Iv Amlp Hcn-epw s]mdpp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-, Adn-bmsX sXpsNp--hv Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sptpw. Hcp Xn Im ssIsImv XS-bp-I, AXn\v km[n-n-s-n \mhpsImv XS-bp-I, AXn\pw km[n-n-s-n a\-p-sImv Ahsc shdp-p-I, AXpw sNbvXn-s-n Ah\v ]ns ISp-Ip-aWn-q-tmfwt]mepw hnizm-kansv \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. sXpw icnbpw a\-n-em-m-\p-XIp _kzm-Cdm-b, ^pJm-\m b, Xpem-kmb Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-m-hmWv Amlp - s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-I, Ah-tcmSv Ah {]Xn-Imcw sNp-Xpam-Wv (k-PZ: 22) Fs\ hmbn-Ww: Jp-B\ns Bibw a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-bns `mj-bn Fn-p-sIm-Spv Ah-sc {km-hn-tev hnfn-p--Xn\pw, {km-hns apn Dcw ]d-bm Xmdmp-Xn\pw Dt-in-p-sImv am{XamWv "JpB\ns Bmhv' F Cu X^vkodn\vv XpSw Ipdn-np-Xv. Jp-B kq-sf Jp-B kq-sImpw, AXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb \_n hN-\-sImpw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bmWv CXn sNbvXn-p--Xv. Hmtcm kq--fp-sSbpw Cm-e-t-p "auC-fv'(kam-\amb D]a DZm-lW) AXmXv kq-fn Nqn-m-Wn-m {iann-p-v. - kzw A`n-{]mbtam Bi-btam Fhn-sSbpw hcm-Xn-cn-m\pw, Jp-B {kmhv

apJ-hpc

47

Dtin hn[-n hni-Zo-Icn-m DtinpsImpw {]mn-p-sIm-p-amWv CXv \n-ln-n-p-Xv. {Kw apgp-h hmbn--pIgn--Xn\p-tijw am{Xw hni-Zo-I cWn A_-- kw`-hn-n-p-s-n Nqn-m-Wnv Xncp-m At]-np-p. ap-dn-bnv: Jp-B-\ns Bmhv hon shdpsX shm-\p--X-, CXv \ns ssIIfnsem Ah-kc-samcp-n-bXv k{km-hm-Ip-p. CXv hmbnv a\-n-em-m kabw Is-m-Xn-cn-p-I-tbm, hmbntijw ]n]n Pohnm-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNbvXm CXv kv]in \ns Ipw, CXv I \ns Ipw, sXmen-bp-samw \msf Am-lp-hns tImS-Xnbn \n\-s-Xn-cn kmyw-h-ln-pXpw hmZn-p-Xp-am-Wv. Ghpw \ h-am\w Am-lp-hns {K-am-sWv \_n ]Tn-n-ncns, {km-hns apJ-]-{X-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbn-msX at-sXmcp ]{Xhpw {Khpw {]kn-o-I-c-W-fpw hmbn-, hnizm-knIv tbmPn--X-Xs. Hmn-pI: Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\n-mWv ]nimNv XS-bpI F-Xn-\m AnIv hmbn-m XpS-p-tm ]nimNv \ns XS-bm {ian-p--XmWv. aS-p-m-nbpw, Ddw hcp-n-bpw, ka-ban-m-Xm-nbpw ap {]iv\ hen-n-psImpw \ns XS-bm-\p Ignhv Amlp Ah\v sImSp-n-p-v. Bi-b-an-msX Jp-B- HmXpI-bm-sW-n Ah t{]mm-ln-n-p-IbmWv sNp-I. AXp-t]mse \o CXv ]n]m XpS-p-tm a\p-jy-n-im-Np- \ns ]cn-l-kn-m-\pw, H-s-Sp-m\pw {ian-pw. AXn-\m ]nim-Nns {]tem-`\s-sm-pw, `oj-Wn-s-Sp-en-s\-sm- pw, p{Z {]h-\--sfsmpw Ahsbpw \nsbpw DS-a-bn A`-bw-tX-Sp-I. "Fs \mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-Wta' Fv lrZ-bw-sImv {]mn-p-sImpw kwib- Hman-p-sImpw JpB Bibw hmbn-p-t]mhp-I. ASna DS-a-bp-am-bp kw`m-j-W-n Gs-Sp-tm kwi-b-p adp-]Sn {Ia-n e`n-p-Xm-W.v BZy-Zn-hks hmb-\bn kwi-bv Dcw e`n-n-n-s-n hmb\ XpS-cp-I. Ah-km-\n-p--Xn\v apv Dcw e`n-m-Xn-cn-pI-bn-. kq- Iqn-hm-bn-m ]d-Xpw, hni-Zo-IcWw t\mm ]d-Xpw A-tm Xs X^vkodn t\mn Dd-p-h-cp-pI. AYhm Hcp Bb-n-t\mSv Iqn-hm-bn-m ]d aqv kq-fps-n Ah aqpw-IqSn tNcp-tm AhIfnep Bi-b-n\v ]pdsa ]pXnb BibIqSn hmb-\-mv e`n-p--Xm Wv. CXmWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Fgp-Xn-bmepw ]d-mepw Xocp-I-bn-sv ]d-Xns s]mcp. Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbn-p-Xn\v Ghpw \kabw sXscs-Sp-t--Xpw, ap[mc-W-I-sfm-p-an-msX {]k-hn Ipns \njvI-f--Xtbm-Sp-IqSn AXns\ kao-]n-tXp-am-Wv. samw Jp-B Bibw hmbn-npw Xocm kwi-b--fp-s-n Jp-B- Bibw Adn-bp--h-tcmSv tNmZnp ]Tn-

48

Jp-B-\ns Bmhv

m aSn-Im-Wn-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. {km-hns samw krn-Ip Cu ktiw, PmXn-aXcm{ hyXym-kan-msX Ghpw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Xn\v Fmhpw - - -_m[y-Xbp-sv Hman-n-p-p. AXn\pthn CXns tImn-IsfSppw hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-tev ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-nbpw Cu kwc-`-n Fm Hmtcm-cp-pw ]mfn-I-fm-hp--Xm-Wv. R-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYm, Rv \o Dt-in--{]-Imcw Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m-\pw, AXv ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-m\pw thpI \tI-Wta. Jp-B Rv A\p-Iq-eambn kmn-\np-Ibpw, hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp hn[-n (Rs-Xn-cm-bn- \mYm), D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m Rsf \o A\p{K-ln-t-W-ta, Hm IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h