Sos Village

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The Aga Khan Award for ArchitectureThe Aga Khan Award for Architecture

SOS Childrens VillageAqaba, Jordan

Architects:

Jafar Tukan & Partners

Amman, Jordan

Client:

SOS Childrens Village Association of Jordan

Amman, Jordan

Date of Completion:

1991

1805.JOR


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Table of Contents

2001 Technical Review Summary (22pages)

1998 Architects Record (6pages)

Nomination Form (3 pages)

Architects Presentation Panels (18 panels on 9 pages)

Images and Drawings (11 pages)

Thumbnail Images of Scanned Slides (2 pages)

List of Visual Materials (13pages)

List of Additional Materials (2 pages)


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SOS Childrens Village

Aqaba, Jordan

I. Introduction

This SOS complex for orphaned children is located in the residential outskirts of the city of

Aqaba, on the Red Sea. A prerequisite of SOS Villages International is that they should be

built within an existing social environment, so that they are not isolated from the urban

context of the town or city they are in. This was the second such village to be constructed in

Jordan; the first was in the capital, Amman, and a third, in Irbid, was completed in 2000. (All

three were designed by Jafar Tukan & Partners.) The architecture is attractive, well designed

and sincere, and represents a modern interpretation of the local vernacular stone building. The

scale of the village is dictated by its environmentally friendly design, and is also related to the

scale of the children themselves within a contained and intimate urban setting. The complex

comprises eight family houses, a staff house, an administration building, a guest house and

the village directors residence; all are planned around a village square and connected via

pedestrian paths, gardens and alleyways. Vaulted archways lead to shaded courts, while

gardens surround the buildings both within and on the edge of the village. On the southern

border of the site, close to the main road, are located facilities that are shared with the local

community, namely a kindergarten, a supermarket, a pharmacy and a sports hall.

II. Contextual Information

a. Historical background

The modern sea port of Aqaba has been identified with the earlier settlements of Ayla and

Wayla. Both were mentioned by the Arab geographers Yaqbi and Al Maqdissi, who visited

the town in the late ninth and in the tenth century respectively. Al Maqdissi described it as a

city on the branch of the China Sea. Great in prosperity with its palms and fish, it is the port

of Palestine and the warehouse of al Hijaz. An Egyptian Fatimid garrison was stationed there

in 961 and the town was captured by the crusaders in 1116 and then liberated by Saladin in

1170. By the thirteenth century there was little left of the towns fortifications except for a

stronghold on the shore. It was at this time that the towns name was changed to Aqaba.

Today, the only remaining fort in Aqaba is dated (in the entrance vestibule) to the reign of

Sultan Qansuh al Ghuri of the late Mamluk period (early sixteenth century). The beautifulstone-carved calligraphy frieze that wraps around the entrance documents the building as

being the work of the Prince Khayir Beg Al Alai. The structure was partly rebuilt during the

reign of the Ottoman Sultan Murat III. The citys importance diminished following the

construction of the Suez Canal, in 1869, and the Hijaz railway, from Damascus to Madinah,

between 1906 and 1908. The town received Sharif Hussain of Makkah in 1917, and the

Hashimates during the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans. (Source for historical background:

R G Khouri and D Whitcomb,Aqaba, Amman, 1988.)

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b. Local architectural character

Aqaba has little distinct architectural character: its prevalent forms are dictated by the use of

concrete. The newer commercial sector buildings (shops, hotels and restaurants) are of

mediocre quality, while private residential buildings range from the mediocre to the absurd.

It is important to note that the general urban fabric of Aqaba is rather drab, with no significant

vernacular tradition in evidence save for the Mamluk fort and the house of Al Sharif Hussain

of Makkah. The latter, a simple, traditional-style single-storey stone building, appears to be

the only remaining formal example of local building (conserved by the Jordanian architect

Ammar Khammash in 198788). The quarter identified as the old town, and which dates

back to the 1950s, is a good pointer to the generally impoverished urban situation. A few

stone houses do still remain in this low-income housing area, however. With a population of

8,00010,000 it has the characteristics of a bidonville, typified by spontaneously constructed

and shabby buildings. Upgrading was conducted in 1992 by the Housing Association, which

is also carrying out a similar project in the Shallalah quarter. Shallalah is situated just above

the old town, to the east, and towards the granite-rich Aqaba Mountains. This is another

spontaneous settlement with no architectural significance or heritage, and the Aqaba Special

Economic Zone Authority is currently working on developing an infrastructure for the area.

As part of the upgrading process the Housing Association compensated some of the

inhabitants by providing new housing on an adjacent plot; the housing units are of the two-

bedroom, one living-room type, and built in breeze-blocks. Funding for this type of urban

development is entirely dependent on foreign aid, and there is no national budget to provide

for the continuation of these renewal works or public services.

c. Climatic conditions

Aqaba, Jordans outlet to the Red Sea, is an arid winter resort with a favourable climate from

November through April, when the temperatures average between 16 and 22C. A

continuation of the Rift Valley, which creates a tunnel effect, it enjoys a cool north wind

even in summer evenings. Between May and September it is very hot and the temperature

may rise to 47C. Although the temperature in winter does drop to 8 or 9C, heating facilities

are not required in the houses. Rain is very rare.

d. Immediate surroundings of the site

Opposite the village, across the main road, is the residential quarter of Al Alamiyyah, also

called Doha. A lower-middle-class housing area of no significant architectural interest, it was

constructed during the 1980s and is mostly inhabited by government employees.

e. Topography of the project site

Although the topography of the area is generally arid the vegetation in the project site is quite

lush. The Aqaba area has the potential to develop a greener environment. Hafayir, on the

coast, is an agricultural area where greenleaf vegetables are grown; it also has a number ofpalm groves. Bougainvillea, asparagus, fire trees (a local variety) and other flowers grow

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around the squares and hedges of the new residential areas and around individual houses.

Aqaba is at the limit of this ecosystem, with its flora, fauna and geology being closer to that

of Africa.

III. Programme

a. Conditions of programme formulation

The principles of the complex in Aqaba are those governing the SOS Villages International

programme as a whole. The concept is based on providing care for orphaned children via

family homes rather than in large, impersonal orphanage institutions.

b. General programme objectives

The general programme objective was to create, within an existing urban community, an

environment where orphaned children could enjoy living conditions that are as close as

possible to normal family life. This has been achieved by creating houses that accommodate

nine children in each, looked after by a dedicated woman (aged between twenty-eight and

fifty-three) who becomes a surrogate mother figure. The children are provided with private

meals and tutoring, and have a brother- and sister-like relationship with others within the

family unit. The father figure is represented by the village father (the director of the village,

who lives in the premises with his real family), his assistant or deputy, and the other men who

work in the village, namely the gardener and the maintenance man.

One project objective is to integrate the village with the rest of the community by drawing inthe neighbouring community. This is achieved by creating public and social interaction

points: a supermarket, a pharmacy (rented by members of the community and which both the

village and community use), a sports centre and a kindergarten.

c. Functional requirements

The requirement was to provide a home for about one hundred children, housed nine to a

dwelling, who would be cared for by a dedicated mother in an urban environment as close as

possible to that of a natural family. The concept is essentially simple but intensely human.

The flat, 20,000 square metre site was planned to contain eight house units in four clusters oftwo houses.

IV. Description

a. Project data

Provision was needed for the following:

Eight units of family houses each with three bedrooms, three children in each; mothers

bedroom; two bathrooms; living and dining room; kitchen with store, and guest toilet.

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directors house with three bedrooms, two bathrooms, livingdining room, kitchen with store,

and guest toilet.

A house for the Aunts, with four bedrooms, two bathrooms, livingdining room, kitchen

with store, and guest toilet.

Two staff houses, each containing three bedrooms, two bathrooms, livingdining room, and

kitchen with store.

Guesthouse quarters, with two bedrooms, one bathroom, livingdining room and kitchenette.

Administration building, containing reception and waiting area, two offices, meeting room,

toilet, kitchenette, clinic and a store.

Kindergarten with four classrooms, every two sharing a toilet and toy store; the Principals

office; two stores; staff room; toilets (male and female) and a small outdoor play space /

theatre.

Service facilities comprising a gatehouse, an electrical room, toilet facilities, several shops for

rent, and two maintenance workshops.

Outdoor playgrounds, water storage, adequate parking, landscaped areas, and room for

possible future expansion with more family houses.

b. Evolution of design concepts

Several alternative site layouts were presented to the client. Environmental, functional and

social factors were considered, and budget was also a primary factor. Local materials (with

granite boulders being available at no cost) were considered and traditional ventilation

techniques were implemented. The traditional architectural vocabulary was a source of

inspiration (e.g. in the use of lintels and bright colours).

Upon approval of the scheme working drawings were prepared, covering all aspects of the

design. At this stage solar heating was introduced for the provision of domestic hot water.

(Heated spaces are not needed in Aqaba.)

The sports facility and the elevated water tank were designed at a later date and without

consulting the original designer. The construction process went smoothly, with no major

problems being encountered. The project was completed ahead of schedule and handed over

in June 1991.

c. Structure, Materials, Technology

The main aspect of the design that required research in situwas the stone cladding. Various

forms of construction were experimented with before the final version was approved.

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The foundations are of reinforced concrete strip footings, cast in situ, and the principal

structural members comprise reinforced concrete columns, beams and slabs, also cast in situ.

The external walls are of locally manufactured infill-cavity concrete block, and single-layer

concrete block for interior partitions. Exterior finishes comprise a fair-faced reinforced

concrete base, and locally available random granite boulders in subtle coursing.

Pre-cast concrete was used for lintels and sills for windows and doors, and for copings. Pre-

cast, locally manufactured terrazzo tiles are used for all floors apart from in the baths and

toilets, where glazed tiles were used. Pre-cast concrete tiles were used externally.

Ceilings are finished in 2-centimetre-thick cement plaster and emulsion paint. Roofing

features thermal insulation, sand-cement screed sloped towards rainwater drains, and

waterproofing sheets on reinforced concrete slabs.

Window frames and mashrabiyyasare of solid wood, as are the main doors; internally, flush

wooden doors are used. Steel is employed for security grilles and service area doors.

The construction technology was mainly labour intensive, using a minimum of

mechanization. Prefabrication was limited to pre-cast elements in reinforced concrete. A

locally manufactured solar water heating system was employed for domestic hot water.

Origin of technology and materials

The labour force (55 per cent skilled labour, 45 per cent unskilled labour) was trained by the

contractor. An essential component of the design was the traditional-style stone facing knownas midmak. A study was implemented to look at the best way of building with the natural

stone found in the mountains around Aqaba.

According to the contractor, Elias Baddour, the design of the village was fairly simple. The

critical part was the design of the stone exteriors. The architects specifications stated that the

stone was not to be mechanically cut or dressed [but had to] remain completely natural.

Piles of stones were collected by hand, since machines could spoil the texture and look of the

natural stones. The process was simple, but time-consuming. Four separate teams went each

morning to the locations to collect the stones by hand and pile them up. At the end of each

working day the contractors engineer approved the shape and size of the stones prior totransporting them to the site on small trucks.

For the contractor, the most difficult challenge was to build the stone facings in accordance

with the architects design. Several days were spent on site with a local builder in order to

construct an approved sample. A number of samples were made before the final version was

approved. The builder relocated to Aqaba until he was fully trained and had completely

mastered the process.

A further builder, from Egypt, and a third from the area around Aqaba were subsequently

trained with the help of the contractor, the site engineer and the first builder. The threebuilders trained others, who then either remained as helpers or were left to build on their own.

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Within months the construction of these stone facings had became a common practice to the

builders, who by this time were running ahead of schedule.

Apart from the stone construction, the rest of the work was carried out according to the

architects specifications and in line with internal quality control measures. During the course

of the work the contractor, whose involvement with the project extended beyond just

constructing the village, endeavoured to save on costs. As a result the project, including

unforeseen variations and extra work, was completed in accordance with the projected cash

flow and within budget. Time was also a major factor: the Gulf War broke out a few months

after construction began, creating a shortage of manpower in all major trades.

The main difficulties encountered by the contractor and the builders were the extreme hot

weather conditions in Aqaba during the summer season; the lack of a professional, trained

labour force; and the challenge of producing a quality project that would serve the children

without problems for years to come.

Origin of labour force

65 per cent of the labour force were Jordanian; the remaining 35 per cent were from other

Arab countries.

Professionals

Jafar Tukan & Partners is a Jordanian firm with a local team of professionals. An American

architect (Ralph Montgomery) has collaborated in the design of this project. Uponcompletion of the drawings and documents a tender was held, and the Jordanian firm

Ammoun Maintenance & Contracting Company was selected.

V. Construction schedule

a. Project history

Design: commenced March 1988; completed January 1989.

Construction: commenced February 1989; completed June 1991.

Date of project occupancy: August 1991.

b. Total costs and main sources of financing

Total actual costs (without land): JOD 1,211,750 (USD 1,731,07) in 1988. The land was

donated by the Jordanian government. Financing was 90% from private sources and 10%

from public.

c. Qualitative analysis of costs

The actual cost per square metre was JOD 425 (USD 607).

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d. Maintenance costs

Maintenance costs for 1999 and 2000 were as follows (figures given in USD):

1999 2000

Buildings 3,070 241

Furniture 1,143 1,295

Equipment 2,650 1,745

Landscaping and external works 320 163

Electricity 679 493

Tools 67 69

Total 7,929 4,006

NB The considerable difference in building maintenance between the two years is due to the

fact that in 2000 a large amount of material and equipment was donated to the village.

There is no cost for water as it is given free, and no fuel cost because no heating is required

and domestic hot water is by solar panels. There is no heating or cooling system.

Maintenance costs have been kept to a minimum. Very little maintenance has been required

during nearly ten years of occupation, and the life performance of the building has proved

very satisfactory so far.

VI. Technical Assessment

a. Functional assessment

The village is fully put to the use it was designed for. The houses have open, flexible interior

spaces, and not one space has been modified or changed. The bedrooms appear slightly dark,

due to the shaded interiors, otherwise the houses are spacious and each generously

accommodates nine children. The interiors and exterior are very well kept despite the wear

and tear of the children, who, incidentally, are exceptionally well behaved and take great care

of their immediate environment. This may be partly due to the generous provision of outdoor

spaces, courts and gardens, both open and enclosed, for their daily use.

As regards the income-generating joint facilities: the supermarket and pharmacy generate an

income and have proved successful in providing for the needs of the village and neighbouring

communities; the tennis and squash courts, however, are not functioning, apparently because

people in Aqaba want to have free facilities and they find the fees costly. The kindergarten

(which uses the Montessori teaching system) caters for fifty-five children. Some of the locals

are reticent towards sending their children there, either because they would rather pay less

on the assumption that this is a funded institution that can afford to run with lower fees or

perhaps due to the social set-up pertaining to this being an orphans village. Despite these

reservations, the facilities are run successfully considering this is such an innovativecommunity project, and one which is largely a self-sufficient operation.

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b. Climatic performance, lighting, ventilation, etc.

Climatic performance is quite favourable, particularly outdoors in the shaded courts, where a

continuous breeze is encouraged by the greenery and trees in the village. Natural lighting is

well provided for, but is somewhat jeopardized by the degree of shading required inside the

houses for climatic comfort. Sun control and shading is extremely successful, and has been

well worked out in the design and planning stages. The provision for artificial lighting on the

interior of the houses is weak, and the fittings have proved costly. Each lamp to be replaced

requires two bulbs, costing JOD 5. In order to enable the children to study it was necessary to

add fluorescent strip lighting inside the houses. The lighting problem is exacerbated by the

fact that in summer, in order to keep the interiors shaded and cool, the children cannot open

the window shades.

Otherwise the ventilation was assessed as very good, and there are sufficient light wells. The

wind-catchers designed by the architect have proved to be a problem when there is dust from

desert winds. As a result, the vents are kept shut at floor level most of the time.

Despite the lack of air-conditioning the temperature inside the houses of the village was

assessed as much better than other houses. The dwellings enjoy good thermal insulation.

The general environment is hygienic and kept very clean. The only major problem is the

dumping of sewage from nearby Eilat (in Israel), which affects the inhabitants of Aqaba and,

due to its proximity, the general environment of the village, including the odour in the

atmosphere. Another common problem here as elsewhere in Aqaba is the mosquitoes;occasional spray treatment is given for this in the summer season.

Since there is little rainfall in Aqaba, the water discharge seeps to the neighbouring fields and

gardens.

The village sets a good example of how architecture, planning and landscaping can work

together in adapting buildings to their surroundings. It also creates a desirable and lush

environment within the arid desert.

The buildings in the village are all designed to resist seismic activity, and uses fireproofmaterials. There is no flooding problem in the area. In November 1995 a violent earthquake

occurred in the Gulf of Aqaba. Many buildings in Aqaba were badly damaged, and some even

collapsed. The SOS Childrens Village in Aqaba survived this earthquake with only a few

minor and superficial cracks, which were immediately repaired.

d. Ageing and maintenance problems

There have been no such problems to date. Both the exterior and the interior of the buildings

show very few signs of ageing. The only maintenance required is that resulting from the

buildings use; left alone, the buildings require little maintenance. The woodwork, for

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example, has to date been very hardwearing and has not been touched since the project was

constructed and the windows fitted.

e. Design features

The project attempts to reinterpret the environmental and traditional architectural

characteristics of Aqaba in a direct way, using locally available materials and labour-

intensive, traditional local technology.

The village employs the traditional building style of subtle coursing of random granite

boulders, but with the wooden tension members replaced by pre-cast concrete. Mashrabiyyas

filter the light of the harsh sun, and wind towers were designed to draw the prevailing local

breeze. Doors are painted in bright colours.

The massing of the project results in clusters of houses and buildings around shaded and

breezy outdoor spaces for living and play, animated by lush vegetation and shading trees.

The traffic is very light, and the project site is in a low-density area.

The project has been ongoing for ten years, during which time no additions or structural

changes were required. The addition of the sports facilities and a water tank were conducted

without consulting the architect.

The furniture is kept to a minimum and designed to suit the requirements of the children in

scale and form. It is modern, light and simple and was all constructed at the VocationalTraining Centre affiliated to the SOS Association. Very little maintenance has been required

since it was first installed in the buildings.

VII. Users

a. Profile of those who use the project

The children benefiting from this project are drawn from different localities. All are from

low-income backgrounds that are traditional or conservative, with a modest social and

cultural profile.

b. Response to project

The principal users the children very much enjoy living in the village houses and in the

village environment, which totally accommodates their needs.

One of the teachers (dedicated mothers) complained about a drainage problem which

occurred when it rained. No drainage points are provided for the water that accumulates in the

courtyard. Another of the inhabitants complained of the lack of air-conditioning inside the

houses; this is a particular problem in summer. The village director (Dr Faisal Mtalqah), aresident there, explained that they have had a few problems with the maintenance of water

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pipes; in the bathrooms these needed replacing, which necessitated breaking the floor tiles. A

hot water pipe also burst in another house, and leakage from the first floor to the ground

occurred due to one or two cases. Dr Mtalqah believes this may have been due to the

aftermath of the 1995 earthquake. Maintenance has all been handled in-house, at minimal

cost, by the maintenance person living on the premises.

Regarding general maintenance, the director explained that this has been minimal and, in

terms of running costs, economical, since most of the materials (e.g., paint) have been

donated. The village is seen by everyone as being of a high standard, giving the general

impression that we have everything, when we still require money to run and maintain the

operation.

The few professionals in Aqaba all agreed there is no architecture to speak of in Aqaba; one

of the biggest problems they face, therefore, is that there are no local architectural firms to

work with. As a result they have to depend on architects from the capital, Amman.

According to Mohammed Balqar (Deputy Chief Commissioner, Aqaba Special Economic

Zone Authority) the SOS Childrens Village has created a precedent in modern architecture

by using stone: Before the SOS Childrens Village the building/architecture here was

primarily like that in the rest of Jordanian villages. People did not know the importance of

good architecture. A style was created that was adapted from the few traditional buildings

found in the old town. This style has now been adopted by Aqabas more affluent residents

(Balqars own house, constructed in 1990, is of a similar style, using the same granite faades

as those used in the SOS Childrens Village). Balqar also felt that this new initiative provided

an opportunity for architects to create something different, by using materials that are notnecessarily readily available on the market. The stone was originally available only as a

landscape element, and only with the construction of the village was it used as an

architectural material. He acknowledged the role of research conducted (by Ammar

Khammash) on the use of stone masonry coursing (midmak) in the buildings. He also thought

that the layout of the village, with its use of courtyards, was very successful. He added that

the Authority were very happy to have this project and if anyone comes to Aqaba they take

them to see the project: With its local origins, it is a model for us to show. They are using

this project as an example of how our urban areas should look. The architecture of the

village is also being used as a guideline for developing the traditional architecture. It has

given them an added incentive to work further on upgrading the infrastructure of the oldtown, which they now view as the heart of Aqabas urban fabric and a sensitive element

within the overall urban development of the town. A new scheme for the traditional suqarea

has been developed to generate income for the old town and create a point of connectivity

with the outlying coastal hotel resort areas. Private properties are now required to be built in

an architectural style that is defined as a mixture of modern and local, using building

materials from the Aqaba region and, in woodwork, windows and terraces, employing details

that are related to vernacular elements.

For those living in the immediate vicinity of the village, indeed for the whole of Aqaba, this is

seen as an exclusive project. It is viewed quite favourably by neighbouring residents. There

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would, however, be better social integration if there were less popular discrimination towards

the children being orphans and therefore of no established family or tribal background.

The children from the adjacent residential quarter, al Alamiyyah, envy the environment of the

SOS Childrens Village children because of the availability of space, the privacy, the

attractiveness of the housing enclave and its exclusive, upper class feel. The sports centre

and the freedom to roam around and play undisturbed are probably other reasons why

neighbouring children like the SOS childrens living and playing conditions, which are also

noticeably tidy and clean. An eleven-year-old boy in the old town said he had friends from

school in the SOS Village and frequently goes visiting there, adding that they are better off

than we are, they even get pocket money.

VIII. Persons involved

Client: SOS Childrens Village Association of Jordan

Architects: Jafar Tukan & Partners: architect and planner.

Ralph Montgomery: architectural design.

Munib Kayyali, structural design.

Adel Taher, mechanical design.

Azmi Sherif: electrical design.

Salma Samar DamlujiMay 2001

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SOS Children's VillageAqaba, Jordan

SOS Children's Village, Aqaba, Jordan

Acc No: S112891

VM Title:

Date: 01.06.1997

Photographer: TUKAN Jafar

Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:Location:

VM Link: 1805 SOS Children's Village

Acc No: S112892

VM Title:

Date: 01.06.1997


Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location:


Acc No: S112904

VM Title:

Date:

Photographer: AKAA

Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location:


Acc No: S118125

VM Title: Administration, South facade

Date: 01.12.1997Photographer: TUKAN Jafar

Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location:


Acc No: S118127

VM Title: Typical family house, service entrance

Date: 01.12.1997


Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location:


Acc No: S118136

VM Title: Typical house, entrance archway

Date: 01.12.1997

Photographer: NATOOR Sami

Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location:



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Acc No: S118143

VM Title: Window detail, windtower

Date: 01.12.1997


Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:Location:


Acc No: S118153

VM Title: Kindergarten playground

Date: 01.12.1997


Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location:


Acc No: S118154

VM Title: Plaza, children near umbrella

Date: 01.12.1997


Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location:


Acc No: S137515

VM Title:

Date:Photographer: AKAA Reproduction

Copyright: Y

Technical Infos:

Notes:

Location: C1



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List of Visual Materials


No VM Num CD Id IMG Ord VM Title Date Photographer Format Copyright

1 D003777 TUKAN Jafar A4 Y







8 R007979 TUKAN Jafar 12x18 Y








16 S112889 01.02.1995 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

17 S112890 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

18 S112891 CT00124 IMG0012 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

19 S112892 CT00124 IMG0016 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

20 S112893 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

21 S112894 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

22 S112895 01.02.1995 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

23 S112896 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

24 S112897 01.02.1995 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

25 S112898 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

26 S112899 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

27 S112900 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y28 S112901 01.02.1995 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

29 S112902 01.02.1995 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

30 S112903 01.06.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

31 S112904 CT00124 IMG0017 AKAA 24x36 Y

32 S112905 AKAA 24x36 Y

33 S118118 General view 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y



36 S118121 Village plaza looking Northwest 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

37 S118122 Village plaza looking Northeast 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

38 S118123 Plaza looking North 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

39 S118124 Plaza looking Northeast at night 01.01.1995 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y40 S118125 CT00124 IMG0013 Administration, South facade 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

41 S118126 Administration, South facade, detail 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

42 S118127 CT00124 IMG0015 Typical family house, service entrance 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

43 S118128 General massing 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

44 S118129 Village entrance archway 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

45 S118130 Kindergarten exit doors 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

46 S118131 General massing, Aunt's house 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

47 S118132 Archway from staff house to plaza 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

48 S118133 Typical house facade 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

49 S118134 Typical house facade at dusk 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

50 S118135 Typical house, entrance archway 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y


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51 S118136 CT00124 IMG0020 Typical house, entrance archway 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

52 S118137 Typical house, entrance archway 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

53 S118138 Service building, workshop doors 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

54 S118139 Typical house, terrace 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

55 S118140 Plaza, terraces 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

56 S118141 Shops, arcade 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

57 S118142 Shops, arcade, detail 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

58 S118143 CT00124 IMG0019 Window detail, windtower 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

59 S118144 W indow, mashrabiyya, vent, detail 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

60 S118145 Spout, vent and coping, detail 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

61 S118146 Vent, detail 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

62 S118147 Kindergarten walkway 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

63 S118148 Typical house, extended mashrabiyya 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

64 S118149 Mashrabiyya, detail 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

65 S118150 Light filtered through mashrabiyya 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

66 S118151 Typical house, stairs 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

67 S118152 Kindergarten walkway 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

68 S118153 CT00124 IMG0018 Kindergarten playground 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

69 S118154 CT00124 IMG0014 Plaza, children near umbrella 01.12.1997 TUKAN Jafar 24x36 Y

70 S118155 Children at play 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

71 S118156 Outdoor landscape, mothers and children 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

72 S118157 Kindergarten classroom 01.12.1997 NATOOR Sami 24x36 Y

73 S137515 CT00124 IMG0011 AKAA Reproduction 24x36 Y

74 S212715 Aerial view 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y



77 S212718 Aerial view 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y78 S212719 Aerial view 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y








86 S212727 Exterior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y



89 S212730 Exterior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y90 S212731 Exterior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y












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127 S212768 Exterior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y128 S212769 Exterior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y











139 S212780 Exterior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y140 S212781 Exterior with people 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y

141 S212782 Exterior with people 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y











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177 S212818 Exterior with people 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y178 S212819 Exterior with people 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y

179 S212820 Interior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y










189 S212830 Interior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y190 S212831 Interior 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 24x36 Y












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202 S212843 Entrance to villlage 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y




206 S212847 Entrance to village supermarket 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

207 S212848 Street facade 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

208 S212849 Entrance to village supermarket 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

209 S212850 General view 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y





214 S212855 Main gate supermarket 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y





219 S212860 Supermarket 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

220 S212861 Main spine 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

221 S212862 Main spine 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

222 S212863 Main gate 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

223 S212864 Main spine kindergarten 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

224 S212865 Main spine kindergarten 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

225 S212866 Kindergarten open space 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

226 S212867 Kindergarten open space 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

227 S212868 Kindergarten open space 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y228 S212869 Kindergarten open space 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

229 S212870 Kindergarten open space/children 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

230 S212871 Children playing 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y



233 S212874 Village surroundings 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

234 S212875 Village surroundings 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

235 S212876 House with family 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

236 S212877 House with family 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

237 S212878 Gateway 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

238 S212879 Gateway 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

239 S212880 Kindergarten 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y240 S212881 Kindergarten 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y










250 S212891 Interior, Type A (2-floor house) 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y


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259 S212900 Interior, Type B (1-floor house) 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

















276 S212917 Children playing in main area 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

277 S212918 Children playing in main area 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y278 S212919 Children playing in main area 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y

279 S212920 Children playing in main area 01.04.2001 SADDI Samir 6x6 Y



282 S219324 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 2.4x6 Y







289 S219331 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 2.4x6 Y290 S219332 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 2.4x6 Y

291 S219333 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N











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327 S219369 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N328 S219370 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N























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484 S219526 House 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N



487 S219529 Office/kingergarten 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N

488 S219530 Office 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N

489 S219531 Office/kingergarten 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N490 S219532 House 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N



493 S219535 Office/house 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N



496 S219538 House/office 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N




500 S219542 Kindergarten 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N


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594 S219636 House C/D B/A 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N





599 S219641 Living room 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N

600 S219642 House C/B 30.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 N


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601 S219643 01.07.2001 FURUYA Seiichi 24x36 Y





606 S219973 Plans/elevations AKAA Reproduction 24x36 Y


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Documents

Sos Village