Diesel EnginesTest Parameter Source

Fe, Cr cylinder liner, piston rings

Fe, Cr, Al cylinder liner, piston rings, aluminum piston skirt

Pb lower rod and main bearing overlay

Pb, Al, Fe lower rod and main bearings, crankshaft

K > Na, Cu, Mo ELC coolant contamination

Na, Si, Cu conventional coolant or DEAC contamination

Si >Al, Fe, Cr dirt, cylinder liner, piston rings

Si >Al, Fe, Pb, Cr dirt, cylinder liner, bearing overlay, piston rings

Cu > Pb or Cu > Sn bronze bushing or thrust washer

Cu > Pb, Sn bronze bushing or thrust washer

Soot, Fe, Pb, Cr Soot, wear on cylinder liner, piston rings, bearings

Soot, Fe, Mo, Cr

Cu copper oil cooler

Oxidation, Fe, Pb overheated oil, overextended oil drain

Sulfation, Fe high sulfur fuel, overextended oil drain

Soot, wear on older engine with moly plasma coated top rings and on cylinder liners

Viscosity increase, Oxidation, Fe, Pb

overheated oil, wear on cylinder liners, bearing overlay, and piston rings

Viscosity increase, Soot, Fe, Pb

very high soot, wear on cylinder liners, bearing overlay, and piston rings

Soot, wear on cylinder liner, piston rings, bearings

Powershift TransmissionsTest Parameter

Si, Fe, ISO code

Cu, Pb, Fe, ISO code

Si >Al, Fe, Cr, ISO code

Al

Al, Cu, Fe, ISO code

Cu

Cu > Pb, or Cu > Sn

Cu > Pb, Sn

K > Na, Cu

Na, Si, Cu

Fe, Cr, ISO code

Powershift TransmissionsSource

wet clutch friction material and separator plates

bronze friction material and separator plates

dirt, wear on gears and bearings

torque converter

torque converter

copper oil cooler

bronze bushing or thrust washer

bronze bushing or thrust washer

ELC coolant contamination

conventional coolant or DEAC contamination

Anti-friction Bearings

Hydraulic & Steering SystemsTest Parameter Source

Cu Cooler Core Leaching

Fe, Cr, Cylinders

Si >Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, ISO code dirt, pump wear, cylinder & rod wear

Fe, Cr, Cu, ISO code pump or motor wear

Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn, ISO code pump or motor wear

Fe, Al, Cu, ISO code pump or motor wear

Si, Fe, ISO code

K > Na, Cu ELC coolant contamination

Na, Si, Cu conventional coolant or DEAC contamination

wet brake friction material and separator plates

Differentials & Final DrivesTest Parameter Source

Positive Water, Si > Al, Fe, Na water entry, gear wear, dirt

Si > Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, ISO code dirt entry, gear wear, bearing wear

Fe, Cr, ISO code gear and bearing wear (possible pre-load problem)

Fe, ISO code Gears

Cu > Pb, or Cu > Sn bronze bushing or thrust washer

Cu > Pb, Sn bronze bushing or thrust washer

Si, Fe, ISO code brake friction materials and separator plates

Cu, Pb, Fe, ISO code bronze brake materials and separator plates

SOS Key Wear Metals

Diesel EnginesTest Parameter Source

Fe, Cr cylinder liner, piston rings

Fe, Cr, Al cylinder liner, piston rings, aluminum piston skirt

Pb lower rod and main bearing overlay

Pb, Al, Fe lower rod and main bearings, crankshaft

K > Na, Cu, Mo ELC coolant contamination

Na, Si, Cu conventional coolant or DEAC contamination

Si >Al, Fe, Cr dirt, cylinder liner, piston rings

Si >Al, Fe, Pb, Cr dirt, cylinder liner, bearing overlay, piston rings

Cu > Pb or Cu > Sn bronze bushing or thrust washer

Cu > Pb, Sn bronze bushing or thrust washer

Soot, Fe, Pb, Cr Soot, wear on cylinder liner, piston rings, bearings

Soot, Fe, Mo, Cr

Cu copper oil cooler

Oxidation, Fe, Pb overheated oil, overextended oil drain

Sulfation, Fe high sulfur fuel, overextended oil drain

Powershift TransmissionsTest Parameter Source

Si, Fe, ISO code wet clutch friction material and separator platesCu, Pb, Fe, ISO code bronze friction material and separator platesSi >Al, Fe, Cr, ISO code dirt, wear on gears and bearingsAl torque converterAl, Cu, Fe, ISO code torque converterCu copper oil cooler Cu > Pb, or Cu > Sn bronze bushing or thrust washerCu > Pb, Sn bronze bushing or thrust washerK > Na, Cu ELC coolant contamination

Na, Si, Cu conventional coolant or DEAC contaminationFe, Cr, ISO code Anti-friction Bearings

Soot, wear on older engine with moly plasma coated top rings and on cylinder liners

Viscosity increase, Oxidation, Fe, Pb

overheated oil, wear on cylinder liners, bearing overlay, and piston rings

Viscosity increase, Soot, Fe, Pb

very high soot, wear on cylinder liners, bearing overlay, and piston rings

SOS Key Wear Metals

Hydraulic & Steering SystemsTest Parameter Source

Cu Cooler Core LeachingFe, Cr, CylindersSi >Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, ISO code dirt, pump wear, cylinder & rod wearFe, Cr, Cu, ISO code pump or motor wearFe, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn, ISO code pump or motor wearFe, Al, Cu, ISO code pump or motor wearSi, Fe, ISO code wet brake friction material and separator platesK > Na, Cu ELC coolant contaminationNa, Si, Cu conventional coolant or DEAC contamination

Differentials & Final DrivesTest Parameter Source

Positive Water, Si > Al, Fe, Nawater entry, gear wear, dirtSi > Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, ISO code dirt entry, gear wear, bearing wear

Fe, Cr, ISO codeFe, ISO code GearsCu > Pb, or Cu > Sn bronze bushing or thrust washerCu > Pb, Sn bronze bushing or thrust washerSi, Fe, ISO code brake friction materials and separator platesCu, Pb, Fe, ISO code bronze brake materials and separator plates

gear and bearing wear (possible pre-load problem)