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So
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PresentsPresents
Sonomicrometry: basic principlesSonomicrometry: basic principles
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nBasic Principles
Theory of OperationTheory of Operation– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal– Types of crystals available Types of crystals available – Signals: direction and functionSignals: direction and function– Calculation of distanceCalculation of distance
Sample Application – Ventricular VolumeSample Application – Ventricular Volume– Crystal placementCrystal placement– Representative dataRepresentative data
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Epoxy covers the head
Theory of Operation
– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal
Wire : copperHead Head diameter:diameter:
- 2mm- 2mm
- 1mm- 1mm
- 0.7 mm- 0.7 mm
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nTheory of Operation
– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal
Epoxy covers the head
Wire : Stainlesssteel
Head Head diameter:diameter:
- 2mm- 2mm
- 1mm- 1mm
- 0.7 mm- 0.7 mm
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nTheory of Operation
– Construction of a crystalConstruction of a crystal
Epoxy covers the head
Wire covered by Silastic tubing for chronic studies
Epoxy covers the head
Head Head diameter:diameter:
- 2mm- 2mm
- 1mm- 1mm
- 0.7 mm- 0.7 mm
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nTheory of Operation
– Piezo electric transducers:Piezo electric transducers: Crystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signalCrystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signal
transmittertransmitter Receiver Receiver
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nTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver Transmitter Transmitter
Crystal #2 sends a sound wave …Crystal #2 sends a sound wave …crystal #1 receives signalcrystal #1 receives signal
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Crystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signalCrystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signal
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nTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
1 1 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 1.5 mmDistance = 1.5 mm
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nTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
2 2 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 3 mmDistance = 3 mm
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nTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
3 3 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 4.5 mmDistance = 4.5 mm
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nTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
4 4 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 6 mmDistance = 6 mm
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nTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
5 5 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 7.5 mmDistance = 7.5 mm
So
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nTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
6 6 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 9 mmDistance = 9 mm
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
7 7 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 9.5 mmDistance = 9.5 mm
So
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
8 8 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 11 mmDistance = 11 mm
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
9 9 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 12.5 mm Distance = 12.5 mm mmmm
So
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metrics C
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
10 10 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 14 mmDistance = 14 mm
So
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metrics C
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
11 11 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 15.5 mmDistance = 15.5 mm
So
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metrics C
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
12 12 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 17.5 mmDistance = 17.5 mm
So
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metrics C
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
Receiver Receiver transmittertransmitter
– Piezo electric transducers: transceiver:Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight Time of flight distance = v * T distance = v * T
v = 1540 m/secv = 1540 m/sec
12 12 secsec
Time of flightTime of flight
Distance = 17.5 mmDistance = 17.5 mm
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nTheory of OperationTheory of Operation
– Ultrasonic pulses propagate in Ultrasonic pulses propagate in all directionsall directions
11
22
33
44
55
66
– Ability to network with all others in arrayAbility to network with all others in array
– No crystal alignment requiredNo crystal alignment required
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nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segment shorteningsegment shortening
basebase
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wall thicknesswall thickness
So
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metrics C
orp
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nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume
septalseptal
free wallfree wall
free wallfree wall
basebase
posteriorposterior
apexapex
anterioranterior
septumseptum
posteriorposterior
anterioranterior
RVRV LVLV
So
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metrics C
orp
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nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
SegmentSegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
WallWall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
EDED
ESES
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
So
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metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume t Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
SegmentSegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
WallWall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
segmentsegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
wallwall thicknessthickness
basebase
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES
So
no
metrics C
orp
oratio
nSample Application – Ventricular
Volume Left ventricleLeft ventricle
apexapex
SegmentSegment shorteningshortening
posteriorposterior anterioranterior
WallWall thicknessthickness
basebase
15151515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
1515
1010
TimeTime
VolumeVolume
Wall thicknessWall thickness
Distance Distance ((mmmm))
EDED
ESES