Sonic Bandit Manual

BanditCommunications Server User's Guide

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TABLE OF CONTENTSCopyright Notice ..............................................................................3FCC Information .............................................................................. 4Limited Warranty ..............................................................................5

ABOUT THIS GUIDE .........................................................................6Audience .........................................................................................6Organization of This Guide .............................................................. 6Sonic Customer Service .....................................................................7

1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................8What is the Bandit Communications Server? ........................................8Bandit Features................................................................................ 8Management Station .........................................................................9ISP Requirements ..............................................................................9Feature Upgrades ............................................................................ 9

2 BANDIT QUICKSTART ..................................................................10Installing the Hardware ...................................................................10Send In The Registration Card ......................................................... 10Setting Up the Server ..................................................................... 10Phone Line Connections ...................................................................10Powering on the Bandit Server .........................................................11Connecting Bandit to Computers and Networks ..................................12Bandit Software Configuration QuickStart ......................................... 14Required Information .......................................................................14Set up a Management Station ......................................................... 14Launch the Web browser application ................................................14Set the Date and Time .....................................................................16Configuring the Ports .......................................................................16Entering the ISP Account Information ................................................ 17Testing Bandit ................................................................................20Feature Upgrades ...........................................................................21

3 NETWORK CONFIGURATION .....................................................22Accessing the Internet from a LAN ....................................................22General Configuration Parameters ....................................................22Configuring Windows 95 ................................................................23Configure the Windows 95 Network Settings.................................... 23Configuring MacOS .......................................................................25Configuring Open Transport TCP/IP..................................................25

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4 ADVANCED CONFIGURATION .................................................. 26Selecting Bandit Using the Web Browser ...........................................26Launch the Web browser application ................................................27The Network Settings Window .........................................................29The Administrator's Password Window............................................. 30Set Server Time and Date ................................................................32Server Log .....................................................................................33Configuring the Modems ................................................................ 34Serial Properties ............................................................................ 35Edit Custom Init Strings ....................................................................36Dialin Window.............................................................................. 38Dialout Window ............................................................................ 39Public LAN Servers .........................................................................40Predefined Services .........................................................................41Other Services ................................................................................42Advanced Dialout Options .............................................................. 43NAT IP ..........................................................................................43Miscellaneous Dialout Options .........................................................45DHCP Window ..............................................................................46DHCP Status ..................................................................................49Additional Commands and Functions ................................................50Restart Server .................................................................................50Export Settings .............................................................................. 51Import Settings .............................................................................. 52Factory Default .............................................................................. 53Upload Firmware ............................................................................54Diagnostic Tools ............................................................................ 55Ping ..............................................................................................55Test Modems ..................................................................................56

5 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 57Front Panel Description ....................................................................57Rear Panel Description ....................................................................59

6 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE ....................................................... 60

7 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING ........................................... 62

A - CABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND PINOUT DIAGRAMS .................... 65

B - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.....................................................67

GLOSSARY ................................................................................... 68

INDEX .......................................................................................... 70

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Copyright NoticeThis manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws,this manual or the software described within, may not be copied, in whole orpart, without the written consent of the manufacturer, except in the normal useof the software to make a backup copy. The same proprietary and copyrightnotices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original.This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or notsold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold,given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includestranslating into another language or format.

Bandit is a trademark of Sonic Systems, Inc.

All other trademarks and trade names belong to their respective holders.Specifications in this manual are subject to change without notice.


FCC InformationThis equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency information,and if not installed in accordance with the user’s guide, could interfere withradio communications. The product has been tested and found to comply withthe limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 ofthe FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection againstsuch interference, in which case the user, at his own expense, is required totake whatever measures that may be necessary to correct the interference. Thecables supplied with this equipment are shielded and created specifically foruse on this equipment. The use of shielded I/O cables are mandatory whenconnecting this equipment to any and all optional peripheral host devices.Failure to do so may violate FCC rules.

You may find the following booklet, “How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TVInterference Problems” (stock number 004-000-00345-4), helpful. It is avail-able from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 20402.

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Limited WarrantySonic Systems, Inc. warrants the hardware for one (1) year from the date ofpurchase against defects in materials and workmanship (see the warrantyregistration card for specific information). If you discover a defect in thehardware or media, Sonic Systems will replace the product at no charge toyou, provided you return it to Sonic Systems with transportation chargesprepaid. Please attach your name, address, telephone number, a descriptionof the problem, and a copy of the bill of sale as proof of the original purchase,to each product returned for warranty service. A Return Materials Authoriza-tion (RMA) number must be displayed on the outside of the package forproduct(s) being returned for replacement or the product will be refused. Thismay be obtained by calling Sonic Systems Technical Support between thehours of 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM Pacific Standard Time, Monday throughFriday.

Phone: (408) 844-9900Fax: (408) 844-9100E-mail: [email protected]

This warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident,abuse, misuse, or misapplication or has been modified without the writtenpermission of Sonic Systems.

In no event shall Sonic Systems, Inc. or its suppliers be liable for any damageswhatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of profits, businessinterruption, loss of information, or other pecuniary loss) arising out of the useof or inability to use the Product.

Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties orliability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation orexclusion may not apply to you. Where liability may not be limited underapplicable law, Sonic’s liability shall be limited to the amount you paid for theProduct. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have otherrights which vary from state to state.

By using this product, you agree to these limitations of liability.

THIS WARRANTY AND THE REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVEAND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESSOR IMPLIED.

No dealer, agent, or employee of Sonic Systems is authorized to make anyextension or addition to this warranty.


ABOUT THIS GUIDEThank you for purchasing the Bandit Communications Server. This easy toinstall communications server offers schools and small businesses an economi-cal way to quickly connect an entire network to the Internet using standardtelephone lines and inexpensive modems.

AudienceThis guide is for the network manager or network installer, and assumes thatthis person has the following background:

• Familiarity with Ethernet networks.• Knowledge of how to install and handle electronically-sensitive equip-

ment.• Basic familiarity with Internet tools and technologies.

Organization of This GuideThis guide is organized as follows:

Chapter 1, Introduction, describes Bandit's features, example applications,minimum requirements for the management station, and discusses the require-ments of the ISP accounts.

Chapter 2, Bandit QuickStart, discusses what’s included in the package,briefly describes how to install the Bandit server and how to connect it to thenetwork.

Chapter 3, Network Configuration, describes how to configure Windows andMacintosh computers on the network so they can access the Internet throughBandit.

Chapter 4, Advanced Management, describes all configuration options forthe Bandit, including configuring the modems and ISP accounts. This chapteralso contains a command reference section for procedures such as transmit-ting setups, rebooting and resetting the server, setting back to defaults,uploading new firmware, and changing the server password.

Chapter 5, Hardware Description, describes in detail the Bandit communica-tions server's front and back panel displays and connectors.

Chapter 6, Troubleshooting Guide, lists solutions to problems one mightencounter using the server and software.

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Chapter 7, Introduction to Networking, provides a non-technical overview ofLANs, the Internet, routers, and the TCP/IP network protocol. This chapter alsoincludes a discussion of IP addressing.

Appendix A, Cable Specifications and Pinouts, provides information aboutcables and pinout diagrams for all the Bandit connectors.

Appendix B, Technical Specifications, lists Bandit technical specifications asa quick reference.

The glossary is a list of commonly used words and their definitions.

The index provides a cross-reference to terms, features, and commands usedthroughout the manual.

Sonic Customer ServiceAt Sonic Systems, the customer is our most important asset. So, if at any timeyou have questions or suggestions, please call our Customer Service/Technical Support Hotline at (408) 844-9900. Or, if you prefer, you can faxquestions to (408) 844-9100 or send electronic mail to [email protected].


1 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter provides an overview of Bandit's features and example applica-tions. In addition, it lists the requirements for the management station, anddiscusses the requirements of the ISP accounts. Please read and understandthe concepts in this chapter before proceeding to “Bandit QuickStart” inChapter 2.

What is the Bandit Communications Server?Bandit is a Plug-and-Play hardware Internet Router which combines thebandwidth of up to three dial-up Internet accounts to provide a high speedconnection to the Internet for an entire LAN at a very low cost.

Bandit FeaturesHigh Speed: Combines bandwidth of three analog or digital modems

to provide up to 345Kbps of Internet bandwidth.

Low ISP Charges: By using single IP dial-up accounts, monthly Internetaccess charges paid to ISP are as low as $20/month peraccount.

NAT: Network Address Translation allows an unlimited num-ber of users on the LAN to share the Internet connection.Also, since all LAN TCP/IP addresses are “hidden”behind one valid TCP/IP address to Internet, providesadded security and allows LAN nodes to use invalidTCP/IP addresses.

Built-in Hub: a four port 10Base-T hub is built-in to allow quick andeasy connectivity for small offices.

DHCP Server: allows TCP/IP settings to be automatically distributed toLAN nodes from Bandit.

Easy to Use: Web management allows easy configuration and man-agement from any platform.

Plug-and-Play: Simply connect three modems to one side of Bandit andthe LAN Ethernet connection to the other side...that’s it!

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Management StationAll management functions on Bandit are performed from a Web browserapplication using Bandit's Web Management Interface. This managementcan be performed from any computer connected to the same network asBandit, including over the Internet. Any computer used for management willbe referred to as a Management Station.

Note: The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browsermust also support HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browserthat does not support HTTP uploads is used, certain features, such as updatingthe firmware and uploading pre-configured settings, will not work. As of thewriting of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 and above has bothfeatures. Netscape Navigator is included with the CD which shipped with theBandit, and is available from most computer retailers or for download fromNetscape Communications’ Web Site at <http://www.netscape.com>

ISP RequirementsBandit uses standard single user dial-up accounts available from most ISPs for$20 to $50 per month. The ISP may require a seperate user account for eachdial-in port; check with the ISP if uncertain about their “multiple login” policy.

The ISP must allow users to connect via PPP to be supported by Bandit. As ofthe writing of this manual, America Online (“AOL”) does not support PPP.

Note: The same ISP does not need to be used for each port on Bandit.Different ISPs may be used.

Feature UpgradesBandit can be upgraded to allow users to dial-in and access LAN resources,such as file servers, databases, E-mail, groupware, and the Internet. Thisupgrade is called the “Bandit Dialin Upgrade”.

The Bandit Dialin Upgrade supports IPX, TCP/IP and AppleTalk over PPP. Thisallows remote access clients, including Apple Macintosh, Windows 95,Windows NT, Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, IBM OS/2, andUNIX, to access all Ethernet based IPX and AppleTalk resources, such asNetWare, NT and AppleShare file servers, databases and printers, as wellas TCP/IP services such as Internet E-mail, Web, FTP and Telnet.

Contact Sonic Systems for Bandit Dialin Upgrade pricing and availability.



2 BANDIT QUICKSTARTThis chapter provides information on how to set up the Bandit.

Those who are new to the Bandit should read this chapter and do theinstallation and configuration procedures before going on to later chapters inthis manual.

Installing the HardwareThe following are instructions for setting up the Bandit.Please read through each procedure before attempting to do it.

Inspecting the PackageOpen the package and remove the contents. The following items should beincluded:

• One Bandit server unit• One 5 VDC, 1.5 A power supply for the server• One PC/Mac CD containing Netscape Navigator, as well as other

software and information• This manual• Sonic User Registration Card

If any item is missing from the package, contact Sonic immediately.

Send In The Registration CardStop now and take the time to fill out and mail in the Registration Card.

Sending in the Registration Card registers the Bandit Server with SonicSystems, Inc., and provides access to technical support, software updates andinformation about new Sonic products.

Setting Up the ServerNow it’s time to install the server. Please read and understand each procedurebefore doing it.

Set up the server on a flat surface in an area where there is enough room toconnect the power and modem cables to the back of the unit.

Phone Line ConnectionsThe Bandit can be configured with up to three modems. This procedureassumes that there is at least one functioning phone line and modem availablefor connection to the Bandit.

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Read through the following procedure before doing it. The illustration belowshows how the Bandit is connected to modems.

Connect modems to Serial Ports1-3 using standard serial cables.

1. Connect one end of an RS-232 serial cable to the modem and the otherend to the DB-9 serial port labeled "Line 1" on the back of the Banditserver.

Note: Throughout this manual, unless noted otherwise, the term "modem" isused to describe any analog modem or ISDN terminal adapter which connectsto a computer or server through an RS-232 serial cable.

2. Connect the phone line and power cable to the modem.

If the modem has a power on/off switch, turn it on.

3. Only one modem is required to use Bandit, but up to three are supported.Repeat this procedure to connect additional modems to the ports labeled"Line 2" and "Line 3".

Powering on the Bandit ServerThe Bandit server is designed to start up as soon as power is supplied to it.The server then runs a series of diagnostics to check for proper operation. Thefollowing procedure describes how to connect power to the server andinterpret the LED display on the front panel during the diagnostic test.

1. Plug the Bandit power supply into an AC power outlet, then plug thepower supply output cable into the power connector on the rear of theBandit unit.

Bandit should turn on immediately and start its Power-On-Self-Test (POST).

2. Watch the front panel of the Bandit. The following sequence of lightsshould appear:

• The Power LED and the Line 1 Carrier Detect LED should turn onimmediately.


• The Line 1 Carrier Detect LED turns off and the Line 2 Carrier Detect LEDturns on.

• The Line 2 Carrier Detect LED turns off and the Line 3 Carrier Detect LEDturns on.

• All three Line Carrier Detect LEDs turn on.• After several seconds, all Carrier Detect LEDs should be off; the Power LED

should be on.

If this sequence of events does not occur, the POST has failed, indicatingsomething may be wrong with the Bandit server.

First, check to see that the server power supply is plugged into a workingpower outlet. Then check that the power supply output cable is pluggedsecurely into the power connector on the rear of the server. If the outlet andpower supply cable are okay, something may be wrong with the Bandit unit.

See Chapter 7, Troubleshooting Guide, for help. If the correct LED displaydoes not appear after checking all connections and following the troubleshoot-ing suggestions, contact Sonic Technical Support for help.

Connecting Bandit to Computers and NetworksBandit has an integrated four-port Ethernet hub which is used for connectingto workstations and existing networks.

1. Using standard Twisted Pair Ethernet cables, connect computers or anyother Ethernet devices to Ethernet ports 1, 2 and 3. One end plugs intothe RJ-45 jack on the Ethernet card in the computer. The other end plugsinto Ethernet ports 1, 2 or 3 on Bandit.

Ethernet ports 1, 2 and 3 on Bandit are standard 10Base-T ports.Connections between computers and these ports on Bandit are madeusing standard, "straight" Twisted Pair cables.

2. Ethernet port 4 is a "Crossover" port which is used to connect Bandit tothe existing 10Base-T network. Using a standard 10Base-T cable, plugone end into Ethernet port 4 on Bandit and the other into any availableEthernet port on a hub.

Connecting Bandit to another hub is a process called "cascading". Whencascading Bandit to another hub, use a standard twisted pair cable from theEthernet port 4 on the Bandit to the RJ-45 port on the other hub. Do not connectworkstations to Ethernet port 4 using a standard twisted pair cable; instead,use a crossover cable.

The following diagram illustrates all modem and network connections.

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After all connections have been made and the devices powered up, the LinkLED on Bandit's front panel should be on.

If the Link LED does not come on:

1. Check the other end of the cable and make sure it is connected to afunctional and powered-on Ethernet device, such as a computer.

2. If a Link LED for Ethernet ports 1, 2 or 3 does not light, make sure standard,"straight" cables are used. Also verify that this port is not connected toa hub.

3. If a Link LED for Ethernet port 4 does not light, make sure standard,"straight" cables are used to connect this port to a hub.

4. If the other end of the cable is connected properly, try switching the cablewith a known good replacement.

5. If the Link LED still does not turn on, there may be a problem with the Banditserver. Contact Sonic Technical Support for help.

This completes the Bandit hardware installation procedures.

The following section is a Software Configuration QuickStart on how toconfigure the Bandit.

Connect existingnetwork hub toEthernet Port 4using standard10Base-T cable.

Connect modems toSerial Ports 1-3 usingstandard serial cable.

Connect computers toEthernet Ports 1-3 usingstandard 10Base-T cable.


Bandit Software Configuration QuickStartThis section of the manual describes how to select a Bandit using the Webbrowser and then complete the Bandit Setup Wizard procedures. Oncecompleted, Bandit will be ready to use.

Required InformationBandit needs information about the Internet Service Provider (ISP) connectionin order to be configured. This is the ISP account login name, password, andphone number used to connect to the ISP. A different ISP user account willlikely be required for each port.

Please read through all procedures before doing them.

Set up a Management StationAll management functions on Bandit are performed from a Web browserapplication using Bandit’s Web Management Interface. This managementcan be performed from any computer connected to the same network asBandit. Any computer used for management will be referred to as aManagement Station.


Bandit is pre-configured from the factory with the default IP address192.168.168.168, which is used to access it during initial configuration.During this initial configuration, it is necessary to temporarily change the IPaddress of the Management Station to one in the same subnet as Bandit. Thiscan be done by configuring the Management Station to automatically get itsIP address from Bandit’s DHCP Server, or by manually setting the Manage-ment Station’s IP address. Refer to Chapter 3 of this guide and thedocumentation of the operating system or software being used on theManagement Station for instructions on changing the IP address. It may benecessary to restart the Management Station for the change to take effect.

Launch the Web browser applicationType Bandit’s address or host name into the Location field at the top of thebrowser window and hit the Return key. During initial configuration, thisaddress is <http://192.168.168.168>. The Password dialog box, similarto the one shown below, will appear.

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Click Next to continue. A window similar to the following will be displayed.

Enter “admin” in the User Name field, “password“ in the Password fieldand click the OK button.

Note: All new Bandits are factory configured with “admin” as the user nameand “password” as the default password.

Note: Passwords are case-sensitive. Enter the password exactly as defined.Make sure the "caps lock" key is not on.

This opens the Bandit Setup Wizard window, shown below:


Set the Date and TimeEnter the time in 24-Hour format and click the Next button to send theconfiguration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few secondsto complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will bedisplayed at the bottom of the window as shown below.

Configuring the PortsThis section describes the procedure to configure the modem ports on theBandit server. Please read through the procedure before doing it.

1. Set the Modem as follows:Find the name of the modem connected to Port 1 on the Bandit server andselect it from the Modem popup menu.

If the modem is not in the popup menu list, select the Hayes Compatibleitem listed at the top of the list.

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2 Enable NAT DialoutBy default, the NAT Dialout option is enabled to allow the modem to beused for connecting to the Internet.

3. Configure the other ports in the same manner.

4. Click the Next button to send the configuration data to Bandit. Thetransmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed,a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of thewindow as shown below.

Entering the ISP Account InformationThis section describes the procedure to configure Bandit to connect to theInternet using standard ISP dial-up accounts. Please read through theprocedure before doing it.

1. Enter the ISP's name and dial in phone number in the appropriate fields.If there are special dialing requirements, such as dialing through a PBX,see the section titled Dial Prefix on page 45 of this guide.

2. Enter the ISP account’s login name in the Username field.


3. Enter the login password for the account in the Password andPassword Confirmation fields

Remember that for most ISPs, password entry is case-sensitive. Forexample, if “SECRET” is the password assigned by the ISP, and “secret”is entered in Bandit's Password and Password Confirm fields, thepassword will be rejected and users will be unable to connect to theInternet.

4. Repeat this process for each of the modem ports which have NATDialout enabled.

5. Click the Next button to send the configuration data to Bandit. Thetransmit operation will take a few seconds to complete.

If the entries in the Password and Password Confirm fields don't matchfor each account, an error stating, “The following parameter had problems:'NAT Confirm Password'” will be generated. Reenter the password in bothfields and click the Submit button.

Once completed, a window confirming the update will be shown. ClickNext. A window similar to the following will be displayed.

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Entering the Domain Name System (DNS) InformationThis section describes the procedure to configure the Domain Name and DNSServer information required for use with Bandit's Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol (DHCP) Server. Please read through the procedure before doing it.

DHCP, which stands for “Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol”, is a meansfor computers on a network to get their TCP/IP settings from a centralizedserver.

DHCP offers completely centralized management of TCP/IP client configura-tions, including IP addresses, gateway address, DNS address and more.

Note: If DHCP will not be used, this step may be skipped by clicking the Nextbutton.

1. Enter the network's assigned domain name in the Domain Name field.Information on registering a domain name may be obtained from the ISP.

2. Enter the IP address of the ISP's primary DNS server in the DNS Server1 field.

3. Enter the IP addresses of other ISP's primary or secondary DNS Serversin the DNS Server 2 and DNS Server 3 fields.

4. Click the Next button to send the configuration data to Bandit. Thetransmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed,a window confirming the update will be shown.


This window signals the completion of the Bandit Configuration Wizard.Click Next. A window similar to the following will be displayed.

Click Yes. This command sends a boot command to the server. The restarting processtakes about one minute, during which time the server will be unreachable.

Testing BanditThe last thing to do is to verify that Bandit is operating correctly.

To do this, use a computer on the LAN with DHCP enabled to access theInternet through Bandit. If Bandit does not connect to the ISP, click the Dialoutbutton and verify that the ISP account information is correct. If this does notsolve the problem, refer to Chapter 7 for troubleshooting tips.

This concludes the QuickStart procedures for configuring the Bandit Commu-nications Server. Please continue with Chapter 3, Network Configuration, tolearn how to configure computers on the LAN to access the Internet throughBandit. Chapter 4, Advanced Management Features, and Chapter 5,Hardware Description, provide detailed information about Bandit's manage-ment and hardware features.

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Feature UpgradesBandit can be upgraded to allow users to dial-in and access LAN resources,such as file servers, databases, E-mail, groupware, and the Internet. Thisupgrade is called the “Bandit Dialin Upgrade”.

The Bandit Dialin Upgrade supports IPX, TCP/IP and AppleTalk over PPP. Thisallows remote access clients, including Apple Macintosh, Windows 95,Windows NT, Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, IBM OS/2, andUNIX, to access all Ethernet based IPX and AppleTalk resources, such asNetWare, NT and AppleShare file servers, databases and printers, as wellas TCP/IP services such as Internet E-mail, Web, FTP and Telnet.




3 NETWORK CONFIGURATIONThis chapter provides information on how to set up client networking onWindows 95 and MacOS computers to allow Internet access through Bandit.

Those who are new to the Internet and TCP/IP, or who have been accessingthe Internet through dial-up connections to the ISP, should read this chapterand follow the configuration procedures before going on to later chapters inthis manual.

Accessing the Internet from a LANInternet access does not require a modem connection from each computer.With the proper connection and settings, the Internet can become anotherresource simultaneously available to everyone on the LAN, just like anotherdatabase or file server.

To do this, the LAN must be directly connected to the Internet with a router andall computers on the LAN must have the TCP/IP protocol installed andconfigured to connect to the Internet through the router.

Traditional routers have been expensive and complex products that requiredconsiderable networking expertise and extensive configuration. Banditbreaks that mold by making a direct Internet connection easy and affordable.

General Configuration ParametersIf Bandit's DHCP Server is enabled, it will automatically configure the TCP/IP settings of all computers on the LAN with the following TCP/IP settings:

• IP Address: Each computer on the LAN will be given a unique addressbetween 192.168.168.1 and 192.168.1.254, not including192.168.168.168

• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0• Router or Gateway Address: 192.168.168.168. (This is the IP address

assigned to Bandit)• Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: The DNS addresses entered during

the Setup Wizard will be used.

Note: some DHCP Clients, such as MacOS Open Transport, will onlyconfigure the primary DNS server.

The next sections in this chapter will describe how to configure Windows 95and MacOS computers to use DHCP.

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Configuring Windows 95This section describes how to install and configure the TCP/IP software usedby Windows95.

Getting StartedThe setup procedure that follows assumes there is no existing networkconfiguration in Windows 95, and that the Ethernet card has already beeninstalled.

Configure the Windows 95 Network Settings1. From Control Panel, double click the Network icon.

The Network dialog box appears.2. To add support for the Ethernet card follow these steps:

a) In the Network dialog box, click Add.

b) Double-click Adapter.c) Select the manufacturer and model of the Ethernet card from the list.d) Click OK.

3. Add the Client for Microsoft Networkinga) In the Network dialog box, click Add.b) Double-click Client.c) Select Microsoft, then double-click Client for Microsoft

Networking from the list.


d) Click OK.

4. Add the TCP/IP Protocol:

a) In the Network dialog box, click Add.b) Double-click Protocol.c) Select Microsoft, then double-click TCP/IP Protocol from the list.

The following components should now be in the list of installed items inthe Network dialog box:

• Client for Microsoft Networks• TCP/IP

The Network dialog box is shown below.

5. From the Network dialog box, double-click TCP/IP Protocol.

a) On the IP Address tab, select Obtain an IP addressautomatically.

b) On the WINS Configuration tab, select Disable WINSResolution.

c) On the Advanced tab, leave Property at None.

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d) On the DNS Configuration tab, select Enable.e) Click OK to close the Network dialog box and save the settings.

It will be necessary to restart the computer for the settings to take effect.

6. From the Network dialog box, click OK.

The setup is complete; reboot the PC to have the changes take effect.

Configuring MacOSThis section describes how to configure the TCP/IP software used byMacintosh. Open Transport is part of Apple's new, modern networkingoperating system, and is used in most Macintoshes.

Getting StartedThe setup procedures for Open Transport assumes the Ethernet card anddrivers have already been installed.

Configuring Open Transport TCP/IP

1. Open the TCP/IP Control Panel. The TCP/IP window appears. Anexample is shown below.

2. Select Ethernet from the Connect via pop-up menu.

3. Select DHCP Server from the Configure pop-up menu.

4. Close the TCP/IP Control Panel and save changes.


4 ADVANCED CONFIGURATIONThis chapter contains detailed information about Bandit's managementcommands and functions. These commands and functions are accessed viaa Web browser through Bandit's Web Management Interface. Use thischapter as a reference when changing the configuration of Bandit.

This chapter is divided into sections dedicated to the major windows andfunctions within Bandit’s Web Management Interface.

• Selecting a Bandit Using the Web Browser• Server Setup• Configuring Modems• Configuring Dialout to the ISP• Configuring the DHCP Server• Additional Tools and Functions

Selecting a Bandit Using the Web BrowserAll management functions on Bandit are performed from a Web browserapplication using Bandit’s Web Management Interface. This managementcan be performed from any computer connected to the same network asBandit. Any computer used for management will be referred to as aManagement Station.


Bandit is pre-configured from the factory with the default IP address192.168.168.168, which is used to access it during initial configuration.During this initial configuration, it is necessary to temporarily change the IPaddress of the Management Station to one in the same subnet as Bandit. Thiscan be done by configuring the Management Station to automatically get itsIP address from Bandit’s DHCP Server, or by manually setting the Manage-ment Station’s IP address. Refer to Chapter 3 of this guide and thedocumentation of the operating system or software being used on theManagement Station for instructions on changing the IP address. It may benecessary to restart the Management Station for the change to take effect.

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Note: Write down the existing IP address of the Management Station beforechanging it. The Management Station must be reset back to this address onceBandit's initial configuration is complete.

Launch the Web browser applicationType Bandit’s address or host name into the Location field at the top of thebrowser window and hit the Return key. During initial configuration, thisaddress is <http://192.168.168.168>. The Password dialog box, similar tothe one shown below, will appear.

Enter “admin” in the User Name field, “password“ in the Password fieldand click the Login button.

Note: All new Bandits are factory configured with “admin” as the user nameand “password” as the default password.

Note: Passwords are case-sensitive. Enter the password exactly as defined.Make sure the "caps lock" key is not on.

This opens the Bandit Status window, shown below:

Note: The Status window is shown only if the Bandit has been initiallyconfigured using the Setup Wizard. See the Software ConfigurationQuickStart on page 14 of this guide if the Status window is not shown.


The Status WindowIn addition to showing the current status of Bandit, the active tab, labeledStatus, functions as a workspace where operating parameters for the Banditserver are displayed in a summary format.

Window Fields and ControlsAt the top of the window is a table which shows the following parameters foreach of the three ports:

• Modem StateIndicates whether the modem connected to the port is off, on, or connectedto an ISP.

• User NameDisplays the ISP login name used to connect to the ISP. If no connectionis active on the port, the field displays N/A.

• Connect SpeedIndicates the modem speed of the connection to the ISP on that port.

• Connect TimeIndicates the time that the current session has been active.

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• Idle TimeIndicates the amount of time since there was any activity on the port duringthe current session.

• IP AddressDisplays the Internet Protocol (IP) address assigned to the port.

• Manual DisconnectButton allows the active connection on the port to immediately beterminated. If no connection is active on the port, the field displays NotConnected.

The Firmware and ROM versions, IP and Ethernet Address of Bandit, and howlong the server has been running are also displayed at the bottom of theStatus window.

Also available from this, and all other windows, is a column of seven buttons.These buttons and their associated functions will be discussed in the followingsections of this chapter. Below these buttons is a Wizard icon which is linkedto the Setup Wizard.

The Network Settings WindowAt the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Network. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.


From this window Bandit's IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gatewaycan be set.

Bandit ships with these settings configured to support its DHCP server. It is onlynecessary to change these settings if the LAN has an existing IP address rangeconfigured.

• IP AddressThis is the IP address which is given to Bandit and used to access it forconfiguration and monitoring. Choose a unique IP address from the LANaddress range. This is the IP address that computers on the LAN will useas their Gateway or Router Address.

• LAN Subnet MaskThis value describes which IP Addresses belong to the LAN versus whichbelong to the Internet.

• Default GatewayThis is the IP address of the Bandit, used by LAN clients to access theInternet. The default value is 192.168.168.168.

Note: It is necessary to restart Bandit after changes are made to any IPaddressing items.

Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmitoperation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a windowconfirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browserwindow.

Click the Restart link and following confirmation. This process is describedin detail on page 50 of this manual, Restarting Bandit.

The Administrator's Password WindowAt the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Password. Awindow similar to the following will be displayed.

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The password used by the Administrator can be changed in this window.

The default password for a new Bandit is "password". Use this passwordwhen accessing a new server, or a server that has just had new firmwareloaded into it.

Note: Always change the password from the default.

Passwords are case-sensitive. Enter the password exactly as defined.

To change the password, enter the new password in the field calledAdministrator Password. Enter the new password again in the Pass-word Confirmation field.



Set Server Time and DateAt the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Time. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

Bandit’s internal clock is set by entering the current date and time in theappropriate fields. These settings are used for the time stamp in the server log.


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Server LogAt the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Log. A window similarto the following will be displayed.

The server log shows significant events, with a time and date stamp, that occurduring server operation. All ISP logins, logouts, and disconnects are shown,as are certain modem problems.

Click the Clear Log button to erase the current log.

The log file can be copied and pasted into a text editing or word processingfile for analysis or archival.

Note: If the server is powered off or experiences a power interruption, allserver log entries are erased.


Configuring the ModemsClick the button labeled Modems at the left side of the browser window.Then, click the tab labeled Selection. A window similar to the following willbe displayed.

From this window, modems connected to each port and NAT dialout areenabled.

Note: It is necessary to restart the server after changes are made to any itemin the Selection, Serial Speed, or Custom Strings windows.

Window Fields and Controls• Modem:

This field defines the initialization string and recommended serial portspeed for the modem connected to the port.

Select the modem connected to the port from the Modem popup menu.If the modem is not in the popup menu list, try the Hayes Compatibleitem listed at the top of the list or create a custom modem initializationstring as described below in the section Edit Custom Init Strings.

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• NAT DialoutBy default, the NAT Dialout option is enabled to allow the modem to beused for connecting to the Internet. To turn off Internet access through themodem, disable it by unchecking the NAT Dialout check box.

Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmitoperation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a windowconfirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browserwindow. Click the Restart link and following confirmation.

Serial PropertiesAt the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Serial Speed. Awindow similar to the following will be displayed.

The Serial Speed window is used to set the maximum data rate betweenBandit and the modem.


This value is automatically set when a modem is selected from the list in theSelection window. Unless custom modem init strings are being used to finetune an existing modem or add support for new modems, the port speedsshould remain set to their default value. Refer to the manual that came withthe modem for more information about what this setting should be.

Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmitoperation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a windowconfirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browserwindow. Click the Restart link and following confirmation.

Edit Custom Init StringsAt the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Custom Strings. Awindow similar to the following will be displayed.

The Custom Strings window is used to add support for specific modembrands and models not included in the Selection window's list.

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Also listed at the bottom of this window is a listing of all init strings for thepredefined modems in the Modem popup menu. Notice that each port canbe assigned a different custom init string to match different modems that maybe attached.

Enter the name of the modem in the Modem Name field. This will appearas Custom (Modem Name) at the top of the Modem popup menu for thatport.

Enter the modem’s initialization string in the Init String field. Refer to themodem documentation for information about initialization strings. For bestresults, use modems recommended by the ISP.


When using a custom modem init string, remember to set the serial port speedin the Serial Speed window and select the Custom (Modem Name) itemfrom the list in the Modems window.


Dialin WindowClick the button labeled Dialin at the left side of the browser window. Awindow similar to the following will be displayed.

This window displays a summary of the currently enabled features, as well asa field to enter a serial number to enable additional features, such as remoteaccess dial-in.

Bandit can be upgraded to allow users to dialin and access LAN resources,such as file servers, databases, E-mail, groupware, and the Internet. Thisupgrade is called the “Bandit Dialin Upgrade”.


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Dialout WindowClick the button labeled Dialout at the left side of the browser window. Thenclick the tab labeled ISP. A window similar to the following will be displayed.

From this window, ISP dial-in account information is entered.

Window Fields and Controls• ISP Name

Enter the name of the ISP in this field.

• Phone NumberEnter the phone number of the ISP in this field. It is not necessary to enterspecial dialing prefixes, such as those used to access an outside line froma PBX, as that is handled in another area.

• UsernameEnter the ISP account’s login name in the Username field. Often this loginname is part of the E-mail address. For example, if the E-mail address is"[email protected]", the login name is likely "susan".


Note: Most ISPs will require a separate user account for each port usedfor NAT Dialout. Check the ISP's policies regarding multiple simultaneouslogins if unsure of their policy.

• PasswordEnter the login password for the account in the User Password andPassword Confirmation fields. For most ISPs, password entry is case-sensitive. For example, if “SECRET” is the password assigned by the ISP,and “secret” is entered in Bandit's Password and Password Con-firm fields, the password will be rejected and users will be unable toconnect to the Internet.

Repeat this process for each of the modem ports which have NAT Dialoutenabled in the Modems window.

Note: It is not necessary to use the same ISP for all NAT Dialout ports.

Once all entries are complete, click the Submit button at the bottom of thescreen to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation willtake a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming theupdate will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window.

Note: Entries in the Password and Password Confirm fields mustmatch. If the entries don't match, an error message will be generated. Re-enterthe password in both fields and click the Submit button.

Public LAN ServersUsers on the Internet are able to access machines on the LAN through Bandit.For example, an organization can run an internal SMTP/POP3 mail serverwhich can receive E-mail from outside sources or a Web server which showsproduct info.

Since most ISPs assign IP addresses dynamically, it may be difficult for userson the Internet to connect to these public servers because the IP addresschanges each time Bandit connects to the ISP. Ask the ISP if they are able tosupport manually assigned IP addresses, which can be configured in theAdvanced tab.

Note: Only one server for each IP service may be run.

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Click on the tab labeled Public Access at the top of the window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

Predefined ServicesEnter the IP address of the servers which will be accessible from the Internetfor each protocol. If a server is not designated for a certain protocol, enter0.0.0.0 in the field, or leave it blank.

Click the Update button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmitoperation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a messageconfirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browserwindow.


Other ServicesSupport for other services, such as Lotus Notes and NNTP, which are not listedin the Predefined Services fields may be configured.

Window Fields and Controls• Port Name

Enter the name of the service, such as "Lotus Notes" or "News". This canbe anything since the contents of this field are only used for identificationby the Administrator.

• Port NumberEnter the IP port number. For example, "1352" for Lotus Notes. See thedocumentation that came with the server or visit <http://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1700.txt> for a list of well known IP port numbers.

• Port TypeTCP and UDP are transport protocols. TCP establishes a connection andensures that the data is passed. HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3 and Lotus Notesare examples of applications that use TCP. UDP is connectionless, andhas no means for retransmitting lost packets. DHCP and DNS areexamples of services that use UDP. Different applications use differenttransport protocols.

• LAN IP AddressEnter the IP address of the server on the LAN which is hosting the servicebeing added.

Click the Update button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmitoperation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a messageconfirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browserwindow.

A single server can be specified for more than one protocol. For example, ifan FTP and a Web server are running on the same machine, its IP addresswould be entered in both the “HTTP” and “FTP” fields

Note: The IP address of the LAN server will be translated. For example, if theWeb server on the LAN with the address 192.168.168.10 is entered in thePredefined Service's "HTTP" field, and the IP address assigned to the port bythe ISP is 200.200.200.200, then users on the Internet will need to accesshttp://200.200.200.200. If the IP address is dynamically assigned, it willbe necessary to check the Status screen to find the assigned IP address andconvey that address to the users.

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Advanced Dialout OptionsClick on the tab labeled Advanced at the top of the window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

NAT IPAdvanced NAT IP settings allow the administrator to fine tune theconnection to the ISP.

When a user on the LAN requests information from the Internet, Banditestablishes a connection to the ISP using the modem on Port 1. As demandincreases, Bandit invisibly establishes connections to the ISP using Port 2 andthen Port 3 (when so configured) to support the additional demands.

Once multiple connections are established, Bandit monitors the connectionspeed and usage to intelligently share the available bandwidth and offer thebest performance.


Window Fields and Controls• Add Threshold (% bandwidth used)

Establishes the percentage of bandwidth, or modem capacity, that mustbe used for a given period of time before connections are established onthe second and third port. The lower the number, the quicker subsequentconnections are established. The default value is 70%. This function isonly active if Dynamic Dial On Demand is enabled.

• Add Duration (seconds)Establishes the period of time that bandwidth must exceed the thresholdvalue before connections are established on the second and third port.The lower the number, the quicker subsequent connections are estab-lished. The default value is 5 seconds. This function is only active ifDynamic Dial On Demand is enabled.

By default, if the connection on Port 1 exceeds 70% of availablebandwidth for more than five seconds, a connection on Port 2 isestablished. As demands increase to exceed 70% of the availablebandwidth for the two modems for more than five seconds, a connectionon Port 3 is established.

• Master ServerA master server is a computer on the LAN that intercepts all requests fromthe Internet from that port. For example, if a master server is configuredon Port 1, any connections from the Internet to that port's IP address,regardless of protocol, will be sent to that master server.

• NAT IP AddressWhen establishing a connection with an ISP, IP addresses are assignedeither static or dynamically. If the ISP has assigned a static IP address tothe user account, enter it in the NAT IP Address field for that specific port.

Note: Most ISPs dynamically assign IP addresses. To let the ISPdynamically assign an IP address, keep the NAT IP Address field setto its default value of 0.0.0.0. If the IP address is dynamically assigned,it will be necessary to check the Status screen to find the assigned IPaddress and convey that address to outside users who require LANaccess.

• Dial on demandBy default, Bandit establishes connections with the ISP dynamically,adding connections based on demand. Bandit can also be configuredto instead connect to the ISP using all ports at once. If the all lines atonce radio button is selected, the Add Threshold and Add Durationsettings are disabled.

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Miscellaneous Dialout Options

Window Fields and Controls• Idle disconnect

Bandit can be configured to automatically disconnect from the ISP aftera period of inactivity. The default idle disconnect time is 5 minutes. Todisable the idle disconnect feature, set value to zero.

• Dial PrefixThe Dial Prefix is used to configure the modem's dialing characteristics.For example, if it is necessary to first dial 9 to get an outside line, or if thephone system uses pulse dial instead of touch tone, this can be easilyconfigured by entering the correct dial prefix in the field.

The default setting, ATDT, will work for most situations.

A modem dials a phone number when given the dial command (ATD) anda phone number, either alone or with dial prefix modifiers, which arelisted below.

Command Command DefinitionATD Sends attention command to modem and instructs it to dial

using the dial command modifiers (listed below) in the orderencountered from left to right. This command is required inall dial prefixes

P Pulse dial.

T Tone dial the following digits.

W Wait for dial tone before processing the next character in thedial string (useful for PBX phone systems).

& or $ Wait for bong (Credit Card billing tone).

@ Wait for five seconds of silence before continuing.

, Pause for one second before processing the next characterin dial string.

Common examples:ATDT Dial using Touch Tone. This is the default setting.ATDP Dial using pulse, or rotary dialing.ATDT9, Touch Tone, dial 9 to get an outside line, then wait one

second before continuing to dial the number.


DHCP WindowClick the button labeled DHCP at the left side of the browser window. Awindow similar to the following will be displayed.

DHCP, which stands for “Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol”, is a meansfor computers on a network to get their TCP/IP settings from a centralizedserver.

DHCP offers completely centralized management of TCP/IP client configura-tions, including IP addresses, gateway address, DNS address and more.

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Window Fields and Controls• Enable DHCP Server

Checkbox to enable or disable the DHCP server. Enabled by default. TheDHCP server should be disabled if there already is a DHCP server on theLAN or if manual addressing is used on the LAN computers.

• Lease TimeThe Lease Time is the amount of time that the TCP/IP address is leased,or given to the client machine before the DHCP server will attempt toreallocate that address. If the client still requires the use of the TCP/IPaddress, the DHCP Server grants the client the use of that TCP/IP addressfor the same amount of time. If the client no longer requires the TCP/IPaddress, the address is freed and returned to the pool of availableaddresses to be used again. Default value is 60 minutes.

• Server IP AddressServer IP Address is the IP address of Bandit. This value is set in theGeneral section's Network tab.

• Subnet MaskThis value describes which IP Addresses belong to the LAN versus whichbelong to the Internet. This value is set in the General section'sNetwork tab.

• Default GatewayThis is the IP address of the Bandit, used by LAN clients to access theInternet. The default value is 192.168.168.168.

• Domain NameEnter the registered domain name for the network in the Domain Namefield, for example “your-domain.com”.

• DNS ServerThe DNS Server, translates human readable host names into the numericIP addresses used by computers to route information to the correctmachine. Multiple DNS servers may be used to improve performance andreliability. Enter the TCP/IP address of the DNS Servers in these fields.

• Dynamic RangesWhen a client makes a request for a TCP/IP address, and the requesteris a DHCP client, Bandit's DHCP server leases an address from theDynamic Ranges.


To create a range of dynamic IP addresses to be assigned to requestingclients, enter the starting number in the Range Start field, and theending address in the Range End field and then click the Submitbutton. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Oncecompleted, a message confirming the update will be displayed at thebottom of the Web browser window.

By default, Bandit's DHCP server is configured with two ranges:192.168.168.1 to 192.168.168.167, and 192.168.168.169 to192.168.168.254.

• Allow BootP clients to use rangeIf the Allow BootP clients to use range check box is selected,Dynamic BootP clients will be configured when they boot. Dynamic BootPclients are BootP clients that do not have an IP address assigned to theirMAC address. They are similar to DHCP clients with the exception thatleases are not supported.

• Delete RangeTo remove a range of addresses from the dynamic pool, select it from thescrolling list of Dynamic Ranges, and click the Delete Range button.The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Oncecompleted, a message confirming the update will be displayed at thebottom of the Web browser window.

• Static EntriesStatic addresses are used by machines which support BootP or thosewhich require a fixed IP address. For example, machines running Webor FTP servers would require static addresses. If a static address isassigned, then that machine will always get the same IP address. This isnot always true for dynamic addresses, whether it's a DHCP or DynamicBootP client.

To create a static IP address to be assigned to a requesting client, enteran IP address and the hardware (MAC) address of the client machine inthe appropriate fields and then click the Submit button. The transmitoperation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, amessage confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of theWeb browser window.

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• Delete StaticTo remove a static address, select it from the scrolling list of StaticAddresses and click the Delete Static button. The transmit operationwill take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a messageconfirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browserwindow.

DHCP StatusClick the tab labeled Status at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

The scrolling window shows the details on the current bindings: IP and MACaddress of the bindings, along with the type of binding, Dynamic, DynamicBootP and Static BootP.

To delete a binding, which frees the IP address in the DHCP server, select thebinding from the list and then click the Delete Binding button. The transmitoperation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a messageconfirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browserwindow.

Click the Refresh button to reload the list of bindings. This may be necessarybecause Web pages are not automatically refreshed and new bindings mayhave been issued since the page was first loaded.


Additional Commands and FunctionsClick the button labeled Tools at the left side of the browser window. Awindow similar to the following will be displayed.

Restart ServerClick the tab labeled Restart at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

This command sends a boot command to the server. Rebooting the serverdisconnects any remote users currently logged in. The restarting process takesabout 30 seconds, during which time the server will be unreachable.

Note: It is necessary to restart the server if changes were made to any IPaddressing or modem settings items.

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Export SettingsClick the tab labeled Export at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

This command saves a setup file to disk. This allows the administrator to keepmultiple setup profiles for a given Bandit on disk. Click the Export buttonand then select the destination for the Bandit settings file being exported.


Import SettingsClick the tab labeled Import at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

This command uploads a previously saved server setup file from disk.The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browser must alsosupport HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browser that doesnot support HTTP uploads is used, the Import Settings function will notwork. As of the writing of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 andabove has both features. Netscape Navigator is available from mostcomputer retailers or for download from Netscape Communications’ WebSite at <http://www.netscape.com> and on the CD supplied with Bandit.

Click the Browse... button to select the Bandit settings file to be imported.

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Factory DefaultClick the tab labeled Defaults at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

This command resets all Bandit configuration parameters, except the serverIP address and subnet mask to the factory defaults. Remember to use thedefault password once the settings are erased. It may be a good idea to exportthe setup to a file before erasing everything. This way the saved setup file maybe easily imported if a setting is accidentally erased.


Upload FirmwareClick the tab labeled Firmware at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

The Bandit can be upgraded by loading new firmware with the Web browser.

Click the Browse... button to select the Bandit firmware file to be uploaded.

The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browser must alsosupport HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browser that doesnot support HTTP uploads is used, the Upload Firmware function will notwork. As of the writing of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 andabove has both features. Netscape Navigator is available from mostcomputer retailers or for download from Netscape Communications’ WebSite at <http://www.netscape.com> and on the CD supplied with Bandit.

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Diagnostic ToolsClick the button labeled Diagnostics at the left side of the browser window.A window similar to the following will be displayed.

PingClick the tab labeled Ping at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

The Ping test bounces a packet off a machine on the Internet back to the sender.This test shows if IP traffic is able to pass through the Bandit. If users on theLAN are having problems accessing services on the Internet, try pinging theDNS server, or other machine at the ISP's location. If this test is successful, trypinging devices outside the ISP. This will show if the problem lies with the ISP'sconnection.

Enter the IP address of the device being pinged and click the Ping button. Thetest will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message showingthe results will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window.


Test ModemsClick the tab labeled Modems at the top of the browser window. A windowsimilar to the following will be displayed.

Testing a modem will verify that the serial cable is connected properly, andBandit is able to communicate with the modem at the given serial speed.

Click the button for the modem on the port being tested, Modem 1,Modem2, or Modem 3. The test will take a few seconds to complete. Oncecompleted, a message showing the results will be displayed at the bottom ofthe Web browser window.

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5 HARDWARE DESCRIPTIONThis chapter provides detailed illustrations and descriptions of the Bandit frontand back panels. Refer to this chapter to learn about where each LED, switch,and connector is located, and what it does.

The chapter is divided into two sections covering the front panel and backpanel of the server. More information is provided in Appendix A, CableSpecifications and Pinouts, and Appendix B, Technical Specifications.

Front Panel Display and ConnectorsThe Bandit front panel is shown below and followed by a table defining eachitem.

Serial Port Status LEDs showstatus of each modem connection.

Ethernet Port Status LEDsshow network connectionstatus and activity.

Power Status LED.Reset Switch.

Front Panel Description

Power Status LED• Power

Lights up when power is applied to the server.

Ethernet Port Status LEDs• Link (Ethernet Ports 1-4)

Lights up when a Twisted Pair connection is made to another Ethernetdevice on that port. The LED should be on solid when there is a connectionto a powered-on Ethernet device. Note that the device connected to theport must support the standard Link Integrity test.

• Activity (Ethernet Ports 1-4)Lights up when the server transmits or receives a packet through theEthernet port.


Serial Port Status LEDs• Receive

Lights up when the serial port receives data through the serial port.• Transmit

Lights up when the Bandit transmits data through the serial port.• Carrier Detect

Lights up when a carrier signal transmitted by a remote modem is detectedon a serial port. The LED should be on solid during while connected to theISP.

Reset SwitchResets all server functions. Pushing the button causes all remote connectionsto be dropped immediately and reboots the server. The log file is erased whenthe Reset Switch is pushed.

Note: There is no delay in disconnecting any existing remote connections. Alllines are dropped as soon as reset is pushed.

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Rear Panel ConnectorsThe Bandit back panel is shown below and followed by a table defining eachitem.

5 VDC, 1.5APower Input.

Three 115.2 Kbps serialports for high speedconnections to the ISP.

Four 10Base-T Ethernet portsfor creating small workgroups.

Ports 1-3 wired for connectingto computers.

Port 4 wired for uplink toanother hub.

• Modem PortsStandard DB9 connectors; use to connect RS-232 straight-through modemcable to an external modem. See Appendix A, Cable Specifications andPinouts, for cable and connector pinout information.

Applies to the ports labeled Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3.

• Ethernet PortsEthernet ports 1, 2, and 3, labeled To Computer, connect computersto the Bandit using Twisted Pair cable with RJ45 connectors.

Ethernet port 4, labeled To Hub, connects Bandit to the existing networkhub using Twisted Pair cable with RJ45 connectors.

• Power InputUse to connect external power supply to server. Power supply provides5 VDC at 1.5 A (supplied with Bandit).


6 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDEThis chapter identifies and provides solutions for problems that might beencountered using the Bandit PPP Remote Access Server. If you are unable tosolve the problem, call our Customer Service/Technical Support Hotline at(408) 844-9900. Or if you prefer, you can fax questions to (408) 844-9100or send E-mail to [email protected].

The Link LED is off (Twisted Pair network connection only).• Make sure the server is powered on.• Make sure the RJ45 connections are secure. Gently moving the cable

back and forth should not make the Link LED turn on and off.• Make sure the wiring follows the 10Base-T specification. Refer to the

pinout diagram in Appendix A.• Try replacing the cable with a known-good cable.

The Collision LED is frequently lit.• Make sure that the 10Base-T 100-meter maximum cable distance is not

violated.• Check physical connections to make sure they’re secure.• Use Category 3 cables at a minimum. Do not use flat cable. Each wire

should have a solid connector.• For Thin Coax Ethernet, make sure the Ethernet cable is properly

terminated at both ends.

The Bandit cannot see a modem connected to it.• Make sure the modem is powered up.• Make sure the cable between the modem and the Bandit is good.• Check the initialization string set up. Be sure to power off and power on

the modem after changing the string.• Test the modem in the Diagnostic window.

The modem attached to the server won’t dial-out.• Make sure the server modem is powered on.• Make sure the server modem is securely connected to the Bandit.• Make sure the phone line is securely connected to the server modem.• Make sure the phone line is connected between the server modem and

the remote modem.• Make sure the Bandit is configured with the correct modem initialization

string for the modem. Change this string in the Serial Ports window.• Be sure to power down and power on the modem after changing the

string.

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The server modem dials-out, but won’t connect to the ISP.• Make sure the modem is configured with the correct initialization string.

Edit this string in the Serial Ports window.Be sure to power down and power up the modem after changing thestring.

• Make sure hardware handshaking is enabled in the modem initializationstring.

• Try lowering the serial port speed.

All three Carrier Detect LEDs are on at Power-On-Self-Test (POST)• The server’s firmware is corrupted; upload new firmware. Do this by

clicking the Upload button in the Status window.


7 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKINGOverviewThis chapter provides a non-technical overview of LANs, remote accessservers, and the network protocols supported by the Bandit PPP Remote AccessServer and accompanying software. The chapter also includes a discussionof Internet Protocol (IP) addressing.

What is a Network?A network is a group of computers, printers, and other network devices thatare connected to one another with hardware and software so they can sharedata and resources. Examples of networking hardware include cables,connectors, modems, network interface cards, hubs, and remote accessservers. Software can be used to configure or monitor the hardware, or both.

What is a LAN?LAN stands for Local Area Network. Local area refers to a network in onelocation, such as one floor, one building, or a campus.

What is a Router?A router is a device which is used to connect two networks together. The mostcommon form of router is used to connect an office to the Internet. Bandit isa router.

Network ProtocolsProtocols are rules that networking hardware and software follow to commu-nicate with one another. The Bandit server supports PPP, IPX, AppleTalk, andTCP/IP protocols.

PPPPPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol. This protocol provides host to networkconnections using asynchronous and synchronous communication. A host isany network device that lets users log in to a computer. In asynchronouscommunication, data is transferred one character at a time, usually overanalog lines. Synchronous communication transfers data one bit at a time atmuch higher speeds, usually over digital lines. After each bit is sent, the senderand receiver resynchronize their internal clocks.

IP, TCPIP stands for Internet Protocol. This protocol provides connectionless datatransfer over a TCP/IP network. Since IP alone does not provide end-to-enddata reliability as well as some other services, other protocols such as TCP canbe added to provide these services. TCP stands for Transmission ControlProtocol. In TCP/IP, TCP works with IP to ensure the integrity of the datatraveling over the network.

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IP AddressingTo become part of an IP network, a network device must have an IP address.An IP address is a unique number that differentiates one device from anotheron the network to avoid confusion during communication. To help illustrate IPaddresses, the following sections compare an IP address to the telephonenumbering system, a system that is used every day.

Like a phone number with its long distance “1” and area code, an IP addresscontains a set of four numbers. While we separate phone number componentswith dashes, for example 1-408-555-1212, IP address number componentsare separated by decimal points or dots (called dotted decimal notation), forexample 123.45.67.89. Because computers use a binary number system,each number in the set must be less than 255.

There are three components that contribute to an IP address:

• IP address• Subnet mask• Default gateway

IP AddressJust as each household or business requires a unique phone number, anetworked device (such as a computer, printer, file server, or router) must havea unique IP address. Unlike phone numbers, in IP addressing it is necessaryto always use the entire number when communicating with other devices.There are three classes of IP addresses: A, B, and C. Like a main businessphone number that one can call and then be transferred through interchangenumbers to an individual’s extension number, the different classes of IPaddresses provide for varying levels of “interchanges” or subnetworks and“extensions” or device numbers. The classes are based on estimated networksize:

• Class A — used for very large networks with hundreds of subnetworks andthousands of devices

• Class B — used for medium to large networks with 10–100 subnetworksand hundreds of devices

• Class C — used for small to medium networks, usually with only a fewsubnetworks and less than 200 devices

Just as one would go to the phone company for their phone number, there arecontrolling bodies for IP addresses. The overall controlling body for IPaddresses worldwide is InterNIC. Businesses or individuals can request oneor many IP addresses from InterNIC; it’s a good idea to estimate the network’sfuture growth in the class and number of IP addresses requested.


Most large centralized companies have a network manager in charge of allIP address numbers. Other companies have a distributed administrationscheme that allows the local network manager to set local IP addresses. In thiscase, the local manager gets a sub network or “interchange” number from thecompany’s central network manager and then assigns local IP addressnumbers.

Subnet MaskAs mentioned previously, the IP addressing system allows creation ofsubnetworks or “interchanges” and device numbers or “extensions” withinthose subnetworks. These numbers are created using a mathematical devicecalled a subnet mask. A subnet mask, like the IP address, is a set of fournumbers in dotted decimal notation. Subnet masks take three forms:

• 255.0.0.0• 255.255.0.0• 255.255.255.0

The number 255 “masks” out the corresponding number of the IP address,resulting in IP address numbers that are valid for the network. For example,an IP address of 123.45.67.89 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 resultsin a sub network number of 123.45.67.0 and a device number of 89. The IPaddress numbers that are actually valid to use are those assigned by InterNIC;otherwise, anyone could set up IP addresses that are duplicates of those atanother company.

The subnet mask used for the network typically corresponds to the class of IPaddress assigned. If the IP address is Class A, use a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0.Class B addresses use a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, and Class C IPaddresses use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

Default GatewayA default gateway is like a long distance operator — users can dial theoperator to get assistance connecting to the end party. In complex networkswith many subnetworks, gateways keep traffic from traveling betweendifferent subnetworks unless it is addressed to travel there. While this helps tokeep overall network traffic more manageable, it also introduces another levelof complexity.

To communicate with a device on another network, one must go through agateway that connects the two networks. Therefore, users need to know thedefault gateway’s IP address. If there is no gateway in the network, use an IPaddress of 0.0.0.0 in fields that apply to a default gateway.

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12345678RJ45 jack pinouts

A - CABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND PINOUTDIAGRAMS

This appendix lists cable requirements and provides pinout diagrams for theBandit server.

Cable SpecificationsThe Bandit server supports the following cable types and maximum lengths.

• Hub to server can use 10Base-T Twisted Pair cable of up to 100 meters.• Modem cable requires a DB9 connector to connect to the server line port.

Pinout DiagramsRJ-45

Pin Function1 RD+2 RD –3 TD +456 TD –78


DB9 to DB25 Serial Cable Pinouts.

DB9 Pin DB25 Pin Function1 8 CD2 3 RD3 2 TD4 20 DTR5 7 SG6 6 DSR7 4 RTS8 5 CTS9 22 RI

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B - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSThe Bandit server has the following features:

• Ports 3 RS-232 serial4 RJ45 Ethernet

• Ethernet Interface 10Base-T Twisted Pair: RJ45

• Dimensions 8 X 4.25 X 1.5 inches20.4 X 10.9 X 3.8 cm

• Weight 2.5 lbs1.1 kg

• Power 5 VDC, 1.5 A

• LEDs Power, Link, Activity, Collision,Modem Transmit, Modem Receive,Carrier Detect

• Serial Port Speed 115.2 Kbps maximum

• Protocol Compatibility IPX, AppleTalk, TCP/IP


GLOSSARY10Base-T A 10 Mbps baseband, Twisted Pair, point-to-point cable andrepeater scheme providing local area network (LAN) services.

client A program or computer that requests information from a server.collision A collision occurs when more than one station transmits onto thenetwork, after determining that no signals were being transmitted onto theEthernet cable.

Data Communications Equipment (DCE) A unit that connects to a DTEto enable communication with another DTE/DCE pair. In the RS-232 Framework,the most common DCE is a modem.data packet A single network message. This message includes a header,addressing information, the data itself, and sometimes a trailer. A data packetis also called a frame or datagram.Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) A communication station capable ofreception of data, transmission of data, or both. In general, DTEs include nodessuch as computers and non-intelligent terminals.

Ethernet A local area network technology invented at Xerox Corporation’sPalo Alto Research Center. Ethernet is a best-effort delivery system that usesCSMA/CD technology. Ethernet can run over a variety of cable schemes,including thick coaxial, thin coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic cable.Ethernet address See MAC address.

firmware Software that resides in read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory.

host Any network device that lets users log in to a computer.hub A hardware device that repeats signals at the physical Ethernet layer. Ahub retains the behavior of a standard bus type network (such as Thinnet), butproduces a star topology with the hub at the center of the star. This configurationenables centralized management.

International Standards Organization (ISO) An international body thatspecifies standards for network protocols. ISO specifies a suite of protocolssimilar to TCP/IP and is based on the seven-layer reference model.Internet Protocol (IP) An Internet standard protocol that defines a basic unitof data called a datagram. A datagram is used in a connectionless, best-effortdelivery system.InterNIC International Network Information Center. The overall controllingbody for IP addresses. To get IP addresses, contact Government Systems, Inc.,Attn: Network Information Center, 14200 Meadow Park Drive, Suite 200,Chantilly, VA 22021.

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IP gateway A special-purpose device that transfers IP datagrams from onenetwork to another until the final destination is reached. Also called a router.

Kbps Kilobits per second.

link A pulse, exchanged over 10Base-T connections, between two end pointsto electrically indicate a valid connection.local area network (LAN) Any network technology that interconnectsresources within an office environment, usually at high speeds, such as Ethernet.

MAC address Medium Access Control address. An address that uniquelyidentifies the network interface card, such as the Ethernet adapter. For Ethernet,the MAC address is a 6-octet address assigned by the IEEE.Mbps Megabits per second.node A single, addressable device on a network. A network printer or a user’sMacintosh are examples of nodes.

packet An organized chunk of information sent over a network.Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) A protocol that enables computers to accessa network remotely using a modem and standard telephone lines.protocol A set of rules that define how network devices communicate with oneanother.

RJ11 Four- or six-wire Twisted Pair cable commonly used for phone systems.RJ45 Eight-wire Twisted Pair cable commonly used for data communications.RS-232 A data communications standard for interfacing a DTE, such as acomputer, to a DCE, such as a modem, over a serial line.

server A computer or machine that makes services available on a network toclient programs. For example, files are stored on file servers, mail servers storeand forward electronic mail, and remote access servers allow network connec-tion by off-site (remote) computers with the appropriate client software.synchronous A method of network transmission in which data is sent one bitat a time; then, after each bit is sent, the sender and receiver resynchronize theirinternal clocks.

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. TCP ensures theintegrity of the data traveling over the network, while IP provides connectionlessdata transfer services.

Twisted Pair Ethernet See 10Base-T.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) The type of cable used by 10Base-TEthernet.


INDEXA

Add Duration 44Add Duration (seconds) 44Add Threshold 44Add Threshold (% bandwidth used) 44Administrator Password 31Advanced 43all lines at once 44Allow BootP clients to use range 48ATD 45

B

Bandit Status 27Bandit's IP Address 30

C

change the password 31clock 32Configuring the Ports 16Connect Speed 28Connect Time 28Credit Card billing 45Custom (Modem Name) 37

D

data rate 35date 32Default Gateway 30, 47default password 31Delete Range 48Delete Static 49DHCP server 30Dial on demand 44Dial Prefix 45Dialin 38disconnects 33Domain Name 47Dynamic Ranges 47, 48

E

Enable DHCP Server 47Enable NAT Dial Out 17Entering the ISP Account Information 17

H

HTTP uploads 9, 14, 26

I

Idle disconnect 45Idle Time 29Import 52Init String 37internal clock 32Internet Protocol 29IP Address 29, 30IP traffic 55ISP logins 33ISP Name 39

J

Java 9, 14, 26

L

LAN IP Address 42LAN Subnet Mask 30Lease Time 47Log 33log 32logins 33logouts 33

M

Manual Disconnect 29Master Server 44Modem 34Modem 3 56Modem Name 37modem problems 33Modem State 28modem support 34

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Modem2 56Modems 34, 37, 56

N

NAT Dialout 35NAT dialout 34NAT IP Address 44

P

Password 31, 40Password Confirmation 31PBX 45percentage of bandwidth 44Phone Number 39Ping 55Port Name 42Port Number 42Port Type 42Pulse dial 45

R

Range End 48Range Start 48Restart 50

S

Selection 34serial cable 56Serial Speed 35, 37serial speed 56Server IP Address 47server log 33Set the Date and Time 16Setup Wizard 29Static Entries 48Status 28Subnet Mask 30, 47

T

TCP 42test 55The Administrator's Password Window 30The Network Settings Window 29

Time 32time 32time stamp 32Tone dial 45Tools 50transport protocols 42

U

UDP 42User Name 28Username 39


Part # M-072Rev B. 12/98

Sonic Systems, Inc.5400 Betsy Ross Dr., Suite 206Santa Clara, CA 95054-1101Tel: 408-844-9900Fax: 408-844-9100E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.sonicsys.com

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Sonic Bandit Manual