Some questions to think about as you watch the ads…

• Write down five sentences that capture main themes found across these advertisements? What words strike you as most important?

• Write down first five images that you found most compelling in the US Army examples

• Describe the music in the US Army advertisement

• What are the main differences between the advertisements?

ARE WARRIORS BORN OR ARE THEY MADE?

US army• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKciWKsWHJc&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwvCV0QuQKU&feature=relatedBritain (5:35)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyWQinmBjBk&feature=related• Canada: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=5K69jwRkm04&list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD&index=4&feature=plpp • Lots of other examples: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?

list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD&feature=playlist-comment • Saving Private Ryan:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y1YL9C8Hfw• We’ll watch: Soldiers of Conscience

WHY IS WAR PRESENT ACROSS CULTURES, TIME, AND

SOCIETIES?

What’s the first image? Human aggression, selective aggression, & decision making theory

What to philosophers say about individuals?:• Original sin causes violence (Augustine)• Rationality and the security dilemma in the state of

nature causes violence (Hobbes)What do psychologists say?:• Freud: The life instinct (Eros), the death instinct

(Thanatos), and outlets for violence• Do nationalism and war externalize an innate desire

for domestic violence?

WHY MIGHT VIOLENCE PAY OFF GENETICALLY?

• Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression (1966); Jane Goodal’s work on chimpanzees (1980s): Ethology tells us that men and some primates belong to a very small subset of mammals that engage in intraspecific violence to the death

• Our two driving instinctual impulses: We work together and we are violent

• How is violence related to: survival of the gene pool, beneficial hierarchy, & the passing along of better gene pools?

• Territoriality, resource competition, and aggression: Why might they be connected?

• What happens when social adaptation to new environments outpaces genetic change?:

• How do thumbs and tools relate to our missing appeasement gestures or universally accepted rituals of limited violence?

• How have the development of culture, morality, and language impacted our biological impulses towards violence?

• Adherence to authority as a biological response to external and internal needs for violence