SOME ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF THE FAIRY PENGUIN

-m NOVA- (FORSPER) I N SOVPHERN TASMANIA

ANN H O E S O N B.Sc. Hons. (Tas.)

: - b . ' 8 . . ' ' ... , ~. . . , , . , . , , , I, .. , . . ., . 4 r, 2- ,>w~%.-.s. ., M Z ' ~ ' 3

submitted i n fu l f i lmen t of t h e requirements

f o r t h e degree of Doctor o? Philosophy

UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA

HOBART

June, 1975.

CONTENTS

VOLUME I1

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS USED I N TABLES AND FIGURES

APPENDICES

LIFT-OUT KEY ( i n back pocket)

Note: - Appendix IJ extends over 5 pages.

ma -10 ,lave been uecd t o d i s t i q w l s h male end female birds except in a f m tables d diegrsme rhore, as indicntc% i n the accmpuwiw legends, t o e M u n t c l a r i t y the l e t t e l s l and P hare been employed

CT

otn

D

m D l

M

DW

E l

E2

E3

E4

1E

2E

3E

4E

EB

En En h

EP

n M

en

En

9

PB

PB x2

- # Broedbg p d r n - 3 we o b o e d meping compaqy but not breeding together

r e d a r i t h ~10aoa anlargsd at orrlporitbn azma a c t

Ascend* fx-cm the Bast

reoendlng fmm the west

of old faatbsra

order of hatching in any one nest

Chid&) m-d t o the we oi 'a t l e a s t 5 reek8 d banded 30 not attended a f t e r ' C ~ 5 weeks, not banded

q8 Adopted R a M l Y

w af ter &batitutlon

Departed euccessiully, m i n m d e p a r t w weight for:-

a pmviaionally sexed male: 900g - m female: 7% '' Departed, Recovered dead shortly a f t e r entering sea n PO~temd by a l i en parents

c u i n g

W C ~ ( B ) Killed by o m parent " last a f t e r human interference

Hias- before fully fledged, or when fledged but

below minirmun suceeesm departure weight

R e ~ ~ ~ e r e d dead " Substituted for afailed egg o r a dead chick in

another nes t n at-, mlnoved (en t o be reared i n capt ivi ty)

coition

Disappeared preauned dead

DeBEending t o the East

Displaying Inslde nest'ing o r moat- place by day o r night

" Outside a t night

Descending to the west

order of l w i n g i n w one nest, not neceesarily by the oamt fenale

order of laying by any one female,

not necasasrily i n the eame nest

~ ( o ) Broken

" Deserted n " i k d i a t s l y (first night a f t e r laying)

: Palled t o hatch after 4* weks o r more.of incubation

& - w i n g period

w(g(8) Hisside-' evioted from nest when a t 6 e q t e d t o e n t e r

%(e) Reappemd, formerly buried

Plodgling (except when uasd tb denote 0 )

Palled in Breeding ~. 82 " twice in one season

tm NB Aso

POC

post-C

Post-6

post-M

P-E

Pa

R

RA

RIC

r'E

RUI

RO

RW

sb

SB

SB 1/1

SB 1/2

SB 2/2 SE .A80

SO

h t h

UB

Unid

w X2

few feather0 l e f t

feather8 m t Open . . " ope- UP, ,, :

full t n q e t ~.

Inoubating eggs

s o t Incubsting egge

Jusenile

Keeping C-mpsw inside n e s t h o r most lng place by day or pight " " r i t h another male b i d e nest " " " 80 fas " 0, .

" kultbg In nesting o r rme t lng place by ~QJ o r at pight

Keeping Campany Outaide at night s# " with a paFr of birde b i d e nest

Lost a f t e r human interference

large patches bare

JK& M Faat s ide

" " west " Voulting (except when wed to denote a*)

" N o n e lneide nest- o r mosting plaoe 9, ** -te " " 9, 'I 'Outside a t lllght " w i t h e pa i r of b i rds inside nesting o r most* place

" several " " ,, n " e bird of the Same Sex inside nesting o r

most- place

Not observed Breedlng ( m t necsasarlly a non breeder)

NB Ascending place

Post-Guard stage Chick(e)

Post-Chick period

post-Bgg " post-Moult "

Pre-Fgg

provisionally sexed

' Reoovemd dead

Roosring Alone inside nenting o r roosting place r

" wit11 Alien Chic&) Recovered deed on East side

Roosting with Mate

" &teide a t night . Recovered dead on West side'

mall patchee bare

Sltccenshrl i n Breed- " rearing slogls chifk " " one of tro chic@ " " ,s " tw chick0

I SE Ascending place

I

Standing Outside a t night

half txwnpet

t h m b b h 3

Onbanded B i r d

%dentilied Bird

b t e r period

b e d o r nested twice in one season

. , 1 *nOmonlr

. . IA Pgse shut, unnbls t o support head' IB " opening, beg- W hold head up

11 Development of Secondary Dom

. 1U Pointe appearbg p a r s a n a l mgiM . IIB " -and thigh 110 w shrmldere

IID m fl lower nedi

. . ILB w upper nediand posterior n ippara 111) amm Rnd f l ippe r s 110 w forshead and anter ior fl ipper8

. . I M v n m8e I I J ' Secondary d m beem$as U C k , e y e s changing colour,,no blue feathers yet appearbg . .

I11 atvalopment of Adult Pl-e and Ioes of D?m

IIIA Blue feathers a p p a r l r g . .

I I IB " 1 t h w s d lid-ba0k . . . .. 1110 I m " ahouldara &d nippsrs IIm " " " c m m and lmr naok, d m b e e -so I I IE " " " r a w and Upper nsdi 1111) mm l o s t t a u , raos andan te l lo r flippare . .

IIIO " " " head, lo* back, a b d m and flipp- I Iq " only l e f t an lun on nedi; Bhouldsre and hsad . . ..

. . IIIJ " f a r r iapa .. . . . IIIK BO dom l o f t . . . .

m e ~ m e n s i o t u r o used bg Curtis (1956, 1961, 1967 and m p u b l i a b d US) and Blafk (1929 e t s a d i s ro l lomd hem.

UxXLxTX

=ST Bh\M

Along and below ths d a n h e n t

Ru 8.1. Beach A.m. Bsach Central 1. Beach

8.1. Beach

(demely cwemd)

.%1T SLOP=

Ru A.1. (Oamp) Slopes 8.1. Slope8

(denas4 oovarad)

1.1. ~ l 0 p e g ( s p ( v ~ 0 4 cmemd) Central 1. Slopee (more dm-)

DIVIDLW RIIGE

( e p s r s e l ~ mrsmd)

BOBEB SIllPgS

(mom a w e 4 m n m d

W l M P LBD 80m mm ( apa r s s4 coralad)

EAm s.oPm

U.B. Slopee Osntral E. Slopsa oppsr S.E. S l o p s Lmer S.E. Slopes

( s p a r s e 4 covered)

BO$%l EAST FIATS

( a p a r s s 4 ooramd axoopt a t baa* o r B.E. Slopaa and jus t abors E. Beach)

EAST EEACA

At ths h a of the e m d dm00

Ru B.E. Beach B.B. k a c h Central E. Beach S.E. Beach

(rsry apmrsely covered)

rnYLBU(T

( O C C ~ throughout)

Cmepsrs b o b m t u s a

Schnvtea A-M a n s a W o l i a -

orst. st.) h c e

Shrvbs - leu-panifl o m &odia bafoata

~ p o r e camobmtus rossii

Aca- - e r h i r o l i a -

Shrubs mnk~ia m a r a h t a

hc -on ~ B r r l l l o -

h h t ~ Is~idomernnrm n h d i a t m bmandra lolulirolia S f i m w nodo-

Rushee I s ~ i d o e ~ e m m ~ l a d l a t m Iamndlr, lowlioU11

b & e n Pam Ptsr id iun apuilill m

Rublshes Is idoa e m l a d i a t m &&Gisou

Gm~aee Rolcus h t u a -- k aP.

Creepers b o b m t u a Acaena a n e a W o l i . 3 -

(Irassss Rolcue l amhu l -- SS? ep.

b o k e n POm P t e r i d i m m u i l i n wn Sard m s h I s ~ i d o e p e m m ~ h d i a t m

Gra11aee WlE* h t u s -- - ep. -

Yarram grass U ~ b i l a

m w n

( O c c w in denas p t c h s a )

b o k m Pem P t e r l d i m uilin m

k c m m Sard mah Levidosoernnrm D a d i a t m

Iab. gmBD

U p h l l l l arenaria m E T L i n k .

creeper T o t m o d e . 'I~~;i;OOco

Saa m c b t M e marit- Sfop.

Sblubs Paaksia nawina t a Ca;.

b c k a n Fern P t s r l d i m aou i l i n m

Sard rush Ispidoseemum a l a d i a t m

creeper T s t m o n i a inmleric-

Sea meket W e maritlma --

Shruba Aoaola vePtioFUate -

71.Ksr.) l l l l d . - A. Rhnaodln baccata Aotue v i l l o sa -

K a - S r n . b c b n Pem P t s r i d i m aou i l i n um fb18hee Irmidomemm a l a d i a t m lamrmbra 1owir01ia SCi l~ue Mdo-

ama8e8 Wl- lanatue b. -- Pul UP.

=per8 b o b m t u s m a am.rw01la

(1m88.8 W ~ C U B l m a t w Poa sp.

~ E p e r s k o b m t u s

A C L I W ~ 8 e ~ 0 1 i a - b c k e n Pem P t a r i d i m a o u i l i n i m Ruah

klrnus nodalavl Oreasen

BOlCULl Illolltue -- Pas BP.

~ B ~ B P B b o b m t u a AE- a n s s ~ o l l a - Shrvbs Bonlraia -inata Isucoowon mmif loms Rhnacdia baocata

Ruah S o i m w nodo-

0-B~B m 1 N e Illolltu. -- ZE ep.

creepers C%mobmtus *-"a a n s . M O U S - &ken Psrn

P t s r i d i m wuilin m Ruebe W m l o w i r o l i a S o b u s ncdoeus

Braobn mm mmim LUIuilLpm

Rwhes Ioradre loluli iolia *hue "do-

Creepers k o b m t u s a Ace- a n s s M o l i a - Tetzwoaia inmlaxicoma

Rutbee Iomandra l o ~ i i o l i a S f i m w Mdo-

Cmepere Camobmtua A c e ~ a n ~ e M 0 1 l . s -

Cmapsr C m m b m t w m

Sea rocket W e -it- --

CCCASIOBUI

(~ccurring singly o r Ln smnU p t e h s a )

Shrubs Le"rn~w011 Vdrf3"&* &odia baocata

Idbi l l . ( I~oP.)

- m e Acacia 80 home -* R.*. ' ? Correa alba Andr. -- ca- Ait .

RUahea bmMdrr l o w i r o l i a

I d b i l l . SCimue nodo- b t h b . .

Shrubs ' h m r i l m a

- Acacia m e l m l o n E.Br.

Shrubs M i a marainata leucopwon m m l f l o m a ~ h s a o d i a bacoata

&ken l a m P t e r i d i m a p w "m

Shrubs Ben*BLa manrinata I s u ~ m o n h f l o m s F&.mdia bacoata

h b s - Aoaola - A. vs r t ioFUata Correa s lba -- 8anecio lnutua Porat. ex W d . -- Olearia lsdi -&nth. Plmslia 1 w o l l a an.

SnFJbs I s u r n w o n w r d f l o - &odia bacoata

W s ( n a ~ jwt sbow beach) - Banlolia -inata l e u c o ~ m o n m m i f l o m s b c d i a baccata

- Awoia m r t i o F U a t a k-ia s o h t a Cas. 7- b h u l v l l l o e n Balichn- (Bubidge) Cur t i s O l s a d a lsdivhyla

m e Bonlraia manrinata Isurnrr~aon Acacia r e r t i e i l l a t a - Olearia ladivhgla A. - -- Aotw ~ ~ U O B I I Kslichn- d i m Sanaoio lautve --

Cranbsrq Aatmlama hmdfumm (car.) R.*.

Buahea l a o i d o s ~ s m ~ l a d i a t m Sf imue nodo-

-

29.ri.61 \

A mm ~vnny dq). a f t e r a heavy fma t . About 6 birds were seen mhmlng close t o the f e r ry on the t r i p over. One dufked under whk a g u l l flaw Olerhesd.

but -faced m a r the gu l l rhsn i t se t t l ed on the r a t e r , and then - torards it - ? curious. -' Only one bird found whDm by day ($Ill48 in nest 73). Several t r a s h of f m t p r i n t e seen m E: side, none on W.

17.15 mar up posit ion an 8.1. silopea between nest 82 and 180. l a t e r alaasy, large gmup of .@la off ahore.

latched till 18.W with binocular. - but no birds heard dsilllng - &=red below. EV 1800 toc dark to see - no moonlight. I 18.05 PaLr on Lookout hill s tar ted squealing d i r ec t ly in f u l l trumpeta, with harsh bigh pitched Lnspired notea punctuated by ehorter, lower pitched expilad notes

s o a e d lib mlcoma.

.l8.15 Thmbbing, then $ and hrtl trumpting heard fmm - direa t ion in reqonss t o 2 birds call ing aa they nsceoded the hill, excitement lee8 intenas. 18.20 Pbir in bush emm 1. baaoh beside telegraph pols s tar ted thmbbing, then bmke in to and W trumpets, followed by a trumpets fmm bird an em-nt. 1 8 . S ~ 0 Sraral "hulr" calls heard on both'sidss of dividing ridge, thsn bird heard call ing jus t beside mad, a t bass of 8.1. slopsa, near 96. b t l i n g in b d b e

m a r 85 revealed a bird.closa t o ma, rhlch a n m r e d the one below, then s tar ted t o move dom, r h i l e the other began t o climb up, both ca l l ing all the the,

one in. lower the other in a higher mica , qul te d is t inc t . When they reachsd each other the? both broke in to excited high pitohsd LnspLrsd sgusals,

mpeated once a f t e r the initial outburst thsn gnrdually &siding t o thmbe.

Conolusionar- 1. In tho grc i tad 1oleoma Creating highly emotional mtusil f u l l tmnpsts m 4 ~ occur immsdiately without any pral imbaiy thmbs r trumpsta. In

l soe intense mrual displaye lorcpitchsd, r ibnvl t tbmbs on expired notes mag change gradually i n to $ trumpsta then ntll t r q s t a aa high pitched aquasling

on inapired notsa develops and increasae in vvollrma and duration. 2. A de f in i t e d ia t lnc t ion aay be made bstwwn the barr - l i l s "Ax&" o r "K"k" d l - n o t e

and the rsuoous, ueusllg higher pitched wort-l ike.rruning note of f e a r o r anger.

16.ir.61

A o d d k y d t h heavy bowers. Ysny birds now staying whore in tbe daytime, for up t o a week o r more of foneacutive days, with mu& charging of partners

and nssta.

1 g . w Dommsnosd watching on 8.1.silopss below nes t 43. Coneiderable ac t iv i ty s tar ted a t d& with meay birds crmillg out of t h e i r nes t s and a tar t ing t o c a l l out.

20'W & r e d pa i r s m n observed mutually displaying and p s r f o a - act., e i t he r outside t h e i r neets, lncludlng 8133 and 8151 outsida nas t 145.4 (bands cheorsd) o r within t h e i r burmra, i n n l u d i q 8126 and 8137 inaids nes t 43 jus t above me (bands checked). Ilrmbs, $ end f u l l tnuqsts heard fmm several

@rs st t h s i r nes ts rhsn a s o e n d a b i d e f a l l ad out o r p e a a d by, a lso excited n t l c m i w sgusala fxm other nssta. a' B89 heard ca l l ing -0 ascanping

ao m e t 180 just below ma. Be stood quie t ly outside u n t i l he began throbbing in reqonee to cslls imn another wool r l lng bird. h n t h i s reaohsd hh,

s lo i ted mlcomiDg equaals i m m both birds m r e followed by the ac t , c u l d n a t i w in copulation - obsaned by torchlight - o7 E89 on top, $8263 b s l a (bando chschd a f t e r ) .

20.- norod d m t o 1. beach t o watch. Aotivity a t i l l intsnea, with m h l a l displaying outside and within nests. Soms b M a now mat ing, either outside o r 21.00

ineida but s t u thmbbiog rhensrar disturbed. ho gmups of 3 b b d s were seen, each m s c t s d t o comprles 2 i d e s aompating fo r 1 mala. Eons had

leg W e , heme thsir idant i ty could not bs aecsrtainsd without bmlliog. a n dleturbed they all hast- m t n a t e d l n t o neerby holsa. ho isoomplets - acte r a m witmseod - M e without 1% bande. ma first ras preceded by an invltiDg ca l l h the b M pmsumad t o be ths famala. Iha partnsl m a p d e d by ommencing the ths act, but did not co-copulation. I h s eefond abortive a t t & t ras e n t i r e 4 i n i t i a t e d by the bird suapsoted t o be tha

f.zz.de, boause of i t a appreoiably d a r b i l l . m e bird mounted the pm-d msls and c-wd the arms aot in th, nomd way, but copulatian did not

t e a A o s - poedbly beesuse dleturbed by torchlight. (cf. CsrtaiD reverse ooitlon mmpletsd by $ 8293 mmtiDg 6 8281 on 28.x.61). 0.- Vieited all 10oalitlDe in the atudy area. nor f a i r l y qulat evsryrQare, with only a n occaaiord thmb o r $ rnrmpst i n i t i a t e d W by d i a t u r b m e . 1 .m

&st birds now appa red to ba a r t e d out i n t o p i m , and moat had retLrsd in to t h e i r burmra t o alesp, although a few paLrs d -1s b M e were f a d

o r sloeping outaide.

4-33 M a atarted call ing o g n as first strsaka of l i gh t appeared, mflaeted on clouds. A few thmba and h tkwnpets nrs b a r d i m m insid: m a t s but not

at tha sams tempo as pmviously. 80 - a c t s rere beard. A pa+r ras seen and heard d i n g mar nes t 10 aa t h y s tar ted t o daecmd ad s group of 4 on th. 8.E. slopaa were o b a a m d dss* together.

4.5%. ho p a i r s swn 'on E. beach antsring sea - both stopped t o look bffik the toT0hUght ahDns on thaa. 5.0 5.50 A l l quie t - v i d b l l l t y now qui te w d . Conoluaionar- YDst noise d a c t i v i t y ofomred d e the f&t 2 h a after dazir, d t h mtul d i a p l m betman b M e a l m e pmmnt , ca l l ing h nscendiql

b M a em- throbs and trumpsta irm otbers nearby, and r s l c w dieplays ba t rwn m m l t e d parthers. initial ina%nee a o t i s i t y gradualla subsided

~ t i l by miad@* 1111 ras fairly quiet with - birds asleap, e i t he r ins ibs or outside. Ofcaeiollsl t hmbs a d half t n u q a t s continued throughout th, night. Pro-dam oall lng by descending birds a l so emlad - mapones but there ss l a w s l e i t m t ) no dlsp- outside and mums a c t s obs-d . . in the morn-. similar behaslour had p k r i o u s l y been noorded on 0th- dark d s e a Wts.

20.x.61 1

-Wing nor rall under way. during D week of weather. A ch , a r wdight night for rtDbiql without tomhli@t.

19.45 wok up pos i t ian above 8.i. w e a n d i x plaoa, with binoculars.

19.50 A gmup of 5 seen asambling on t* tideline.

'\. 19.55 m s gmup s tar tad t o cmas the beach together - all s y i n g f a i r l y upright (ci. m a t mido bi rds u s m y o m u d dam o w &ahore) but moving faa t , m n a i n b g in a compact bunch u n t i l disturbed by the al- cry of en oyster catcher w t h w mared tha dunen wherwpon thay bmks f o m t i o n and meds a

pulok dash for cover of the sand h i l l a .

20.M) A br ief throb irm a bird in 2 2 i hear na - swam of w pprssancs? 20.05 Another gmup of 6 seen a k d i a g on the t ide l ins , j o h d by 2 horn the South rho csma in en e t position to. join them. 5 e gmup 8-d

together, m w about with naahes of r h i t s a- as tW furnsd to laos ns. Wit. I ruddsW thy .U .,tart& t o -a north in a lw, one b s W tho

other, t o join amtha r gmup of 4. After a ahort in terval they sill atarted to cmaa the beach,'@ a m u p , all stand- upright, mviw s t s a d u y

without any stopqing end keeping cloas together. Occasioosilly a straggler had t o lun t o Eat& up.

20.1& Three m s obaarred m e in together aod four eingla birds. 20.15 20.15- Another gmup f o m d on the tidsilins, s t a r t i ng with a pai r , joined by another pa i r , then s s v a n l o t tma . a p p m d t o be playing together, allo* 20 .3

thsmsalvee t o be ;aahad off t h e i r fee t , then standing up and themaelsee. Eventually t h q cmaud th b a c h + fo rmt ion l i k e tho prerlous

gmups, w a i n U u p r l g h t . &rsml more small gmups and p i r s obaamed mmiDg ashore in th, - w q . 8otss L i t t l e aot ik i ty aahore - a few brief m l c m s a wem heard, s i t b s r imn the snt-ss or a o W ins ids m a t s ; l i t t l e falling o r

dieplaying e i ther hoard or aesn in the open - 1 . o . very dimerent imn dark m o d s a s Wte.

Oomlwioluli- BMlr on the €=at b a o b appear t o b lea-y when 0- whore thEvr those on the .set M. h on dark d.#,ts west aids bird! -lly

in singly o r o o c a e i d l y in polre and ordy a f to r a period of d t + and rat- st the t id? l ine t o e- all i. c b s r before e i n g ng a ffimsa

th sopan MOd. 80 p l w W has over bean obsoned on tbe l e n t t i d s l h and no gmup f o w t h i.e. m a t d d e bird. app- t o be mom oonecious of

daqSsr. m a t eida b i rds come in quickU once thay start up f- t he t ide l ins . If trightsDsd .ban Just *, they u s u a l 4 ttum back, but i f s i l m W d).-way up thay tsnd t o m k a a dash f o r cover. On this side oma they reach ths ssM h+Ua thy am m l a t i v G d o , but thare i a l i t t l e

pmteot i ro vegetation on the l e e t smbmkment. B i d e disturbed on the l o s t b d lllmost hartw M bscL t o I... On both &st and l e s t Slopea ffitiv?ty i s grea tes t on dark nishts. Cm mDonllt Wts b M s h n appear t o burr). to reach the &sty

of t h e i r burmwn. molcmiw caramonisa tend t o be brief and,dieplaying ocours rmbly st tt. .n-e o r dthlll ths -.

A P P E N D I X 3

'To avoid unneceoe- duplication, all de t a i l a of observed behaviouz n r e recorded st length i n da i l y d iar iea , gummriaed in "burmw notebmks" and only br ief ly mentioned in "bird notebooka". Similarly a l l d e t a i l s of breading were entered in "burmm notebmka", a l e breeding da tss , euccesees, mates and nest numbera were br ief ly eumariesd i n %lrd notebooka". The l a t t e r nre used to record all dates , time0 and plaoes of o b ~ e w e t i o n of each bird when not breeding; a lao t o record all m i g h t a (measured i n lbs . and 07.8. and eubsaquantly converted to grams) aa well as notes on condition, paras i tes and any incidents of pa r t i cu l a r i n t e r e s t .

p~

r a t e I %e ] m e t I other k c a t i o n \Partner1 "eight 1 -aitia/Condition I q-ks Park green r i gh t leg band only app1:sd. Ascended N.1. Slopea a f r a r banding 8 (black pa in t ) already relieved. 0' i n i t i a l l y atarding i n tunnel facing p. t m e d and s tar ted thmbbing and e l i c k i w mandibles h e n disturbed by lwt.

i n incubat* posit ion, faoirg out on w e . Dark green r i gh t leg.band- 'juat v la ib le , n u f l i p p e r band. (Nest f a i r l y A l l o w and t-el straight).

941 Asc. 1.

I I ' 1959-601- 807.-Psb.8 Brasdioa Suc~sseivlly i n Nest 42 (Dstnlle in "Burrow Notebock') With M I aa Mate: Chicks NA23 and NA24 Departed W.i.60-6.ii.60. Note followiw:-

A17

28.di .59

29.di.59

- . - Parents outside with 3 chicks. O m chick 1 and chick 2 ( leg W s a. noted) still i n th ick secondary dom and NA6 with only few wisps of dom l e f t ' = deaertad chiok fmm m x t door, nes t 55, previously found with chicks I and 2 in neat 42 in the daytlms, on 19.xii.59 and 25.xii.59. NlO3 C- t o inves t iga te torch, ras thereupon b i t t e n by Ull and re t rea ted i n t o nest 42 with the 3 chicka. while Kn seut t led i n t o the bushes above. mtched feeding all 3 chicks inaids "-st 42. I n c l d i n g NA6. once bi t ing om ohick 2 when ~ o l i c i t s d . (Adulta and chicks bands all checked).

Parents outside neet feed* chicks: 3 present. A17 again re t rea ted i n t o the bush above when disturbed by l i g h t entered neat with ehiske: again 1 fesdina all 3 i n neat . (Adulte &! numbera chsoked).

Incubating egge, facing out. El tmcted and f l i ppe r band and red paint applied. Large bmod patch bare. B i l l f a i r l y hooked with upper mandible overlappi&. Bmoding chicks, lacing out. A11 extracted. Chicks i n seooniruy dom. Right and l e f t f oo tmrks as recorded previously. Leg banda applied: chick 1. dark red r lnht . chick 2 l U h t blue l e f t .

I !

1 !

21.45 22.10

22.10 22.35

Beach opp. 941 ABC. 1.

I I p.i .60 15.00' ?iml Recorded 1ei.qhts of Chicks: ' 1 ~ 2 3

%ok near 941 Deac. 1.

w o k below 163s Aec. 1.

12SUg.

11916.

42

42

Nervous on ~ c a l e s .

Wok collected vent. cloaca still

hack m a r 94: Aae. 1.

cmeaed mad m a r 94: Asc. 1

1026~.

Round rom collected fmm excreta.

NA24:l)llg. 8103 not sssn &ain (Liter deoartura unti l :-

T i o k ~ in eara and a t baeea of d i b l s e . '

Cloaca s n k q s d ?

I o 8103 seen and heard ca l l ing while asesnblnblw up N.1. S l o ~ e a ( l ea and f l i nne r bande ohscked but not handlid). Waleomi -t&b and t-pet-from 6 U ~ L I L ) P

neet 81 during the day) when pRreachsd mat! on beach f i r s t lien and f l i o o s r b a d e *hacked. -in not handled). , ) - ~ ~ ~~ ~~~ - . ~- ~~ - - - e r ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ . ~v~ -~ ~~. ~ ~p~ --..,.

&tor heard call- ascendina 8.1. Slonoa and aubssouentlr found in nes t 81 - - with 8 m9. dr 8157 present in nest 81 during the day. A103 only retvrned a t night. ).*cent not d t n e ~ e d . Excreta i r eah and whits, hence probably only stayed ashore one day. Pl-a very l i g h t blue on head. Cloaca grey, not enlarged. Pair descending together, m b e r s h o k e d , not handled. On their ray t o the sea? R c r a t a gresniah, hsnes been aahors fast*.

R e a h dlggirg and nes t deepened to over I.., nest chamber with f resh xsmtea . Elcre te gresniah, hama stayed ashore several days. 8103 heard dl* on track up 8.1. Slope- (log and n i p p e r b&s h o k e d but - . -. . , 8103 outside nes t 42, fl KKE ins ide . men dieturbad 0' s t a r t ed throbbing ' i a a id s and a s-d t o be cal her in. M t e r ahs entered n s s t , 6 t o i v e ~ c l i m b e d above d s s t and o s l l sd t o p again, but aho remained ineido. 8 mrbglouentl~ Joined her ins ide and the pair c m s n c e d thmbbing and mutually d imlaying, both giving thsn full m t a . Em departed f o r asa overnight and $ joined new partner in d i f f e r en t neat.

25.1. - I I I not seen althqq.h all lmom nasta on 8.1. Slopsa v ia i ted da i l y and most W t s ? Pair spent t h i e period a t sea fesdingi @ A234 returned 2.xi.601

4.d.60 5.ri.60

6.d.60

9.ri.60 12.d.60

16.11.60

19.~1.60

22.d.60

24.d.60

25.d.60

26.x1.60

27.d.60

1960-611-

11.11.61

20.111.61

21.ii1.61

5.is.61

1 . 1

15.v.61

16.v.61

\ '22.ri.61

23.vi.61

6.vl1.61

21.vii.61

. 1.vlii.61

8.vi11.61

rae observed offahore next day. Birds r a r e ly seen so cloas in - possibly because of i n j q ? N103 not seen again - f a i l ed t o recover f m injury?

- ... . .

16.20

15.45

16.45

no4 seen

16.15

15.15

15.40

1 6 . 3

16:%

21.35 16.40

18.5

11 .3

22.15 17.45

23.10 17.20

16.45 20155- 23.55

18.40

19.15

11:45- 18.30

17.40- 18.00

18.15 18.20

19.30 16.10

11.40 18.45 19.50 18.25 19.30 18.25

18- 18.50

19.00

12.00

82

82

82

82

82

82

' 82

82 82

R e a h footpr in ts , whits excreta outside nes t , although fl 8234 hsd kept cornpan). here with p A263 f o r 3 days, hence 8103 returned ovarnlght 7 P s l r atanding together in tunnel: both s t a r t ed thmbbim when l i a h t aha-: d rsc@nabls bx s e n deep m i c e . Patr s ide by s ide in m a t Ehambsr: a ta r ted mutually d i e ~ l a y i o . with $ and t-eta when disturbed - 8 w a i n i n deep mice : l e g t a n i s cheoked. Dit tor no f resh excreta nest deepened and f resh x s m t s s , carpobmtus, gram.

f i n s l osriod a t sea or io r to ew layin.

8234 i n nest chamberl throbbed i n deep voice. A103 i n tunnel facing hlm u n t i l disturbed. Both sxt-tsd. p about to lay ? Paint applied o' black q red. 82% in entrance: ain thmbbed in deep w i c s i 8103 in nes t ohamber, l i f t ed gently t o check but? egga. ( leg banda and p i n t seen). Pair i n neat chamber 8103 etrsddllng clean egg, 8234 in f m n t of her. ( log bands and paint aeenj.

disturbed. -

8103 d o n a in incubating pos i t ion% l i f t e d to check, leg band seen. S t i l l only 1 ape. 8234 i n tunnel faoing . 8103 a t i l l on egg. (paint and l e g band seen). 8103 alone i l rubat ing ! eggs. Eltractsd wi* w s . Broad patoh developing.

a l t howh all h m nest. on 8.1

8w.-Psb.8 h e d i o a SuoosashrllJ i n Rest 82 (Dotails h a w o w Notebook) with 8234 ma Yats: Chick A868 Dsoartsd 17-20.11.61.

d w s - ? PaLr wen t this

Cloaca very enlarged.

I A234 I / 8234 i

misaiw. d" i n m e t o h b s r with sna under

8234

8234

8234

8234

Slopee

8234

chin - nave d s a ~ thmb *en

10356. Closfa still enlarged.

:

1219g.

v is i ted both

12476.

P i d

85

85

85 85

55 55

82

'

180

180

A868 8 1106.. 8103 not asen w a i n (Liter departure unti l :- Rsoordad 1si.qht of Chiokr-

Cutaide nest 85.

h a n k near 180:Aac. 1.

Beach oppoalts 941 landing l a t e r climbing s m k n h e n t and ascending 8.1. Slopsa.

m

h a a k near 94: Aeo. 1.

Outaide nest 180

Nl03 extracted. Peathere flat and still, not ye t opening. &Exeta fresh. white, he000 newly aahoro fo r moult. Stood llnd watched ma - shg-d no s ign of fear . N103 not extracted ( leg band and number checked). Haad and neok olmar of old fea thers . I p still alone in neat ohambar. Plsanirg, but stopped whm l i g h t ahom.

A103 extracted, moult complete, no old fea thers o r shesthlr l e f t . M a pl-a

I Nest with two d i s t i n c t hollowed out chambers. N89 in f m n t in f i r a t hollow, 1 8103 bahirrd in second. Both extracted. In gmd condition. R e a h oxore+ outaide. I A103 near entnurcd ( d d green r i g h t ) d . 8 7 7 ( l i gh t green l e f t ) i n neat chmbar.

alone in neat - not found. I i again present in neat ohamber ( lag bands checked).

appeared in reasonable condition, but ve lamo in l o f t 1s . Her f m t ! Pappearod to keep tvlning over. 80 via*; external i n j u r y 4 ' Torch revealed bird atanding in shallow r a t e r preening - etaysd out t h e m u n t i l

Ir d k e d aray d o n g beach, then s p l a s w heard a d r e , eo returned t o check and found NlO3 beside embn!-zent, d r i p p b wet and s t i l l very s t i f f in the l e f t 1s . latched her climb bank and then stop t o preen hsrae l f , to*ing no not ice of m.' Pinally she cmassd the mad. h a i i i c heard, 9 tend- t o - l i nge r beeide road, hence forced t o chivy her into cover nsar nes t 94. Hrd jus t off 1. beach, l a d e d Md came aahore a t the t i da l i n s , standine on a d y patch of land u n t i l I thLnk it Bar ma, when i t turnad and hobbled aemss s p i t of sand and back t o sea - l e f t l eg v e y lama and green r i g h t jus t v i s i b l e , hence i t W e t c e r t w must have been 8103. L -- -.

f lock of gulls on r a t e r . Par t ly with headunder and only back a h d n g , pa r t l y en t i r e ly underrater

15%.

W.

82 82 82

, ' I

merely svrlacing occaeiomlly, once a b e t leaping out of the r a t e r - m s t l y pa ra l l e l t o ahore about 5-10 metre out - ze- gradually N. S i l en t - M call lng. Appeared to be fishing with the incoming t i de - f w y t u r n d and s- a w , mainly on the euriscs. IW have barn 8103, eines aho

b o d oondit lm.

~ h i n , poor c o d i t i o n .

877 /

877 877

ab-t 0ppDsits 94 Across -d near 951 Aec. 1. Boaoh opposite 94: landing.

Fabankmnt " "

near 94, boeido d.

109%. : very dark.

Condition muoh i q m v s d i P a i r ox tnc tod . Nor dark green l eg band ap l i e d t o NlO3. i P a i r s t i l l i n m e t chamber. lhmbbion and t l u m ~ s t i n n heard t r i c e withl- when p a i r disturbed by intruders, 8406 and U59, a t entrance. Leg b a d e ' ' I checked (Liter each diaturbanee. Pair ,doparted over-night. 8103 heard calling ascending 8.1. s o p a s ( m e r and l e g band checked but

not hamiled). I d 82 heard m l c with do w iced throb and half e t whm .ha reach:: nest: (Ba~Bu~sepuent~.checked). p departed oyDmisht but 8 M n e d a t nest. 8234 l a a t ssan 16.v.61: A c c i d s n a y dmmsd in riehlng net 11.vi.61. Call ing heard a t d u e , from several brida a t sea, clone to the beach, f o r ' '

1 10 mirmtse then quiet . Spla- hoard in puddles near the t idol ine then quie t ] again. Apparently waited till e w e all clear , t h e n 3 b M a cams in aeoara ts lp all v e n 0uickl.v with hsade ducked dom tlll they reached the emb&nt. A l l 3

! 877 I

i I i

,

ratchod f*mng e f a &a offshore, close to

8234 1 i

s t w a d them close t o cover quie t ly p r a e w and mesa*, jut beside me, f o r about 10-15 rmrmtaa. men 2 quie t ly clanbered up the b a d and omsasd the &ad. Bands chooked: U93 and 8103 (not handled). L i t t l e diaturbanes mads, but another bird hal%w i n fmm tho sea turnad back when l i g h t nhono. No h u t p , u r l u n g ha& u n t i l 8.1. Slopes reached, 1.e. comparatively ears with p ianty

I of ahs l tor . I A103 heard alone call- net aea several times, then quiet: u n t i l ahs Buddsnly

c m e i n v s n f a s t w a i n , s e s n in hal f moonlight, and he@ splash* through puddles. m s n ah* reachad the bslLh aho s-tsd to 01-b strai&t up. b e t noiseleasly u n t i l she r a s acmes the mad and m a r thick cover. No raiti~g

,about i n moonliaht. ( m a cheeked but not hlmdlsd). 8103 heard calling eeaending 8.l. Slopes and answered by 889 f m m nes t 180.

reached nes t N 8 ave welcod thmbs a d t e t a then air heard in mutuat displsw c u l m i r a Z in arms Z and coition! 'Z-, chac& a i t e r ) . 889 N89 with free pleos of gn_an rhagodia.in b i l l : A103 juet below.

1091g.

Oivisg bc&e of 5 U e l g h b o m Usets on the Upper E.l .Slopes m r l q tha Rbw ~ s r ~ 1861. Eot.8 On omq visit t o aach Met the'band mnnbers of bird0 obsenad e i t h e r M d s or ne-%rby were a l w s entered in bath the c w m t

d i a y and tho appropriate bvrror notebook. All nootlumal observations mm ramrded in red. Nl daytima obae rn t i ons on different datoa .BF. noted in different colours, blue, m e n , and black being vasd in s t r i o t rotat ion. Hence conaacutint en t r i e s m d s on tk ~ a m o da~r or night rem re- diatioguishablo horn those recorded on a p n r i o u e o r subaspnant dqy m wt.

To e m i d eanNeing repet i t ion hem, the sbbrevlation "ditto" has bean ussd t o M i a t e t ha t the sams s-s b M o r pair of b M s sr, o b m m d at tho aams *st on tro o r mom oomssmrtin - e t a , s i t h a on the sams dny or on d F f l s n n t dates.

BEST 43

Location (nc&ed on 19 .x .59)~- Upper U.1.Slopss

.Situated h o d l a t e l y below WIswvlna h e a t Bus 2 , under thick'patch of carpobmtus i i t h rhagcdia above, also i n Imnt wi thpter id iun . I q s b pat* of eami outside.

r s q ~ t h 1 'm I with right band bend.

m t e m Ovtaide R~trulce and -1 Beet Chllmber kid Weight A k a Boa. (grsms

&ken stal*s undietvrbsd heme u ~ o c ~ y p i e d shEo laat uaad as a niaht moe t 1 Oap mads i n a t d k s . I- b-a. m t t o

El 26

El26

Pootprinta end oxoreta.

Yalh left b t h i n good condition. L . w s n right

Ditto: both a t base.

D.red l e f t l h i t e r ight , poor condition D. red l e f t . Alone at base. 16.30

18.00 ED hneh a?. 16.55 " 15.40 Pootprinta. 17.20 " 19.10

8talls rep1lred. Ondiaturbsd. . Gap again, atal*s nplaced aap made in atalka. I US23 m t t o

0 2 3

(8126 (8137 Ditto m t t o m t t o mtto mtto m t t o mtto Di t to Di t to

bnch.

Unoccupied by day, used as s night most? , Very good condition. Cloeca -11. L. green r ight . None i n t m e l fa=& in.

" " " Alone again a t h e . Unoocupisd by dny, -d all m night mos t ?

D. red l e f t . I. rsd + L. blue r ight , thin. Bsnds checked. s tmdinn tocether a t base. * " . a l t e r a&s i c t i n neat chamber.

m " a o e p aide by s ide a t base. " " " " " " " fl stending i n f m n t of $ . " " l r i o g side Uy a ids a t h e . " " S81e.p " " " " " " " atand- lac- each o t k r . n " asleep aide by side at bani.

D. lad l e f t

Stdks r e p l r a d . i t t o , w e and W i e t N W . oap mads in s t a b . as64 I Dit to D. md + rellor r ight , W e r ohsoked. W t M t e d , c l - a d l .

&"is cheeked, asleep a ids by s id s a t baas. B r t n r t e d t o "&I,.

0 6 4 mtto m 6 4

stsus lnplMed. undisturbed. Oap .made i n atal*s . 0 6 4 1035

111 26 11126 1247 m t t ~ mtto

ir2 El37 1134 mtto mtto mtto

Raeh bnchm. mtto

Rseh graes. : ; '"' El3l

Reah bnchan. 81 26 l m 3 7 Ditto El 37 mtto

[:$ B131

82 m 2 6 1098 m 37 m n rn

D. + r a u o w right. ~ ~ o l l c a d l . timber ELIOM. atand- a t h.

- " " S t i l l alone at barr.. " " " blocd on face. L. red + blue right, el- v o q onlnrged. Bands o h W . 0 egg. " " " " 17.55 Pootprinta. 17.15

23.10 I " " Ill- in t"mMl 0- nbom met . . " " s n u o a g ~

" " straddling $rs 1 . " " Wine with epe under &at. " " d f m b g m " p st-$ esg. e " mrsalsd m l d e q h a t , d t l l l & " " d on 2 m a . " 0 f a c i a * .

Onen +t applied: I$gs 1 + 2 both nun. L h .sss (8126 swn daso.rd3.w k t ) m e parnt applied. Q- rslarsd, 1-.

a t u on sges, a arn. '(*en a e c s w k t 20.30)

A P P E 8 D I I 4 (oontirmsd)

BBS? 82

location (rscordsd on 2.rii.60) I- Upper 8.1. Slopes

s i tua ted 2 m d i r ec t l y below neat 43 under dense thicket of Lomandla and dth m m , & i m u e , 6teridium and w o b m t u e in rmn t . large p t c h of bare sand outside.

T r ~ t h 1.5 m : t u n e l s t ra ight but sloped domnuds .

Band 800.

Best Chamber Entrance and hrnnsl 1eQht (8-,

Outside h t e h m - k s I

1134 950

i176 957

1021

11% 914

1155

1134

1212

911

1021

m e

D. green r i gh t , in tunnel L. green l s f t , a t boss tlo. checked, starding in t-el 9 outaide Standing together at b e , fl collected grass?

80. checked (8224 in 180).

D. blue lsft. L. blue right. h d s checked, standing st me. ol a t bass, $ in hmnal, facing 8

(889 below outside nss t 85). D. red + yellow right. ht. h e n aahora fast ing; Vicious.

80s. checked. bth in entrance. Alone in neat M e r . 889 near 85 meeting E364 a* st base $ near s n f n c s joined hlm f i r mtual dieplaj; b o d gi- * t h e n f u l l t-eta. D. blue l o f t D. blue + yellow right 1 at baas' Oood condition, n e n y on soalsa. Very quie t , easy t o M l e . Ihmbs + & t-eta fmm ant-cs h' asrsral b M a hrll " 1 cal led fmm below. MB checked, o. In t-el $ a t bass, fncing each other. , ; Baods ohsfhsd, alone a t bane. mtto, d e e p (889 in 145 w i t h 8151). Bands checked, in s n t r a n a .

mnde checked, atanding aids by lUde in neat ohsmbsr.

D. blue l e f t

mnds ohsolred, IJlrtg eide by aide.

1. blue + j e l l & right. C l ~ a o a ] S u i n g together in m e t ohsnbar. d d a b i sida.

Y a l l a + r b l t e right. Uona in entranua both timas. , , . . h d s oheckd. 4rmB near entrance. D' laft ] asleep side by a ids in nest ohmbar. , 1. blua right Oocd cod i t i on . Cl- d. mtas Dhsckdi st-andiw a t burs. D. blue l e f t L. blue right] In

-Or'

(11224 outside call* 889 + 180). b d a ohsohd, standing al- a t baas. " " " " I n s n t l m n , u s t o n i l g to Wlhg st -a. 8224 below m a t -ring o" d i n g l h i l e asomding. In atnulor: exoitad rslmma d t h mtual full t n w a t a . ' Ihmbbing ali- r a d l b l s s arns a o t and oopUl8tlon d t h , fl &Ve q .

Banda c h e w (alone a t h e , sbifted d m mp m a t 43) i

Bands ohsored : e t a r d w aim st baas.

D. blue l e f t . Uons i n e n t l r n o e

Banda checked, s t andbg in ant-. Oocd md:tion narry, hud t o 'm lgh . 889 shi i t sd .

D. red + yellow right.

Yellow + r b l t e right s tard ins in entnulua.

ydtzqz side by d d e in asst ohmbar.

ad ~aint + L. blus right. Bgg 1 bbshoon foot. - " " " straddling se(ii D. blue l s f t , in tunnal facing $ Alone dth 8-10 egg under cheat. S t i l l on agg( red paint D. blus l e f t , in tunnal fw- out. m t t o , e m o a l r 1 agp.

still on -la agg, d in hmna l d t h bracken in hie dill. Orno- ralarodr ~ g g 1 cool, ~ g g 2 n s w ~ ~ d , t-ueat, still m, -. O" on aggs in incubating posit ion

near at-os, baoda and p d n t noen. $ma* p d n t applied.

' I

Oap mado in atalks.

Stalke replaced.

~ a p egain, s t a lk s

Undisturbed. " m a hole.

" rn

Stalks replaced. Dap again, replaaed. Udirt lpbed. Gap made in stalks.

W e bls , stalls mplaoad.

-. Udistlubsd. asp d e in stnlks.

Sta lks replaced. Oap made in stalk%

Stalk. replaoed. w s t u r b e d . "

" " "

Osp mads in *id+.

S W t s mplaoed. Osp mads + 0-.

;. . . m m m m

S t a l l s mplaoed. Oap mads in a t r l l s .

S t a l b raplaoed. Undisturbed. Oap mads in atallrs. stalls raplacsd. Undisturbed. Oap mads in s-. stalks rsplaoed. W s t u r b e d .

rn

Oap made in stalks. Stalk. rsplaced. W e t u r b e d . " aap made in a t a l b .

Stalks replaced. Ud l~ l twbed . "

mads in stalks. s t a lk s replaood. W e h u b a d . "

a=p y e stalls. "

S t a l h rsplaoed. Undisfurbed. " Oap made in stalks.

haah-.

8103 R e a h graaa.

haah sxcmta .

i

Footprints.

R s a h excreta. Sheep t t r ska . A0 n~,sh a?. ' Trampled d excmta. " , - m ' "

~ o o t p r i n t ~ . Orssn exorata.

-pled, m h exoreta. 80 fmah slgne. Pwtpr in ta , fresh (~Dnta . Trampled.

"

no t n a h alenu. " " ' " " " ' " " . ' ~ o o t p l l n t s .

" "

-led.

"

" i l nd lmp t . m a h axcreta.

Trampled.

haah excreta.

Footprints.

*pled.

no q a h n i p . " Footprints. " h a a h excreta.

80 h s a h slgne.

Footprints.

80 freeh a m . " " "

Footprints. 80 fqsh T. " " " " Footprinte. "

80 freeh slgne., " " " Fain rashsd.

Footprints.

lh lapt .

6.- 11.61

7.11i.61

6

21.rli.61 1

7.riii.61

8.riii.61 1 4 . 6

15.v4ii.61 24.rlii.61 '

25.riii.61 ,

1

31.vili.61 "

1.lx.61 ' 7.~r.61 ,

8.k.61 ' 8 1

9.Lr.61 '

10.e.61

11.61

12.~r.61 13.Lr.61 14.Lr.61 15.Lr.61 16.lx.61 17.v.61

17.Lr.61 18.Lr.61

I'

19.Lr.61

20.lx.61 21.lx.61 22.~1.61

'

rsplicsd.Dsspsned and mom grass.

Reah e s and graas.

Yore grasa.

15.40

18.45 19.50

15.40 19.15 16.00

21.00 16.10 13.40

16.50 23.30 16.15 17. .5

22.55 16.00 11.50 19.30

16.39 19.20 19.50

17.55

16.20 17.10

16.30

18.45

15.35 20.50 22.00 17.20 19.10 16.35

22.55 17.05 17.10 17.20 11.55 16.50 0.35

5.00 16.25 15.45 20.w

22.45 23.20 18.05 23.40

16i10 17.05 15.40

21.05

889

889 18224 mtto Ditto

nj64 8364

I - ' I 889

I

R s a h b m k m and nags.

889 8227 Dit to

m t t o 8227 m t t o 889

R s a h ahaodia.

m t t o

H263

#

23.L.61

24.ix.61

25.11.61

26.Ll.61

27.+.61 ,

28.i.61

hg.lx.61

JO.h.61

1.1.61

2.x.61

3.f.61

4.x.61 , 5.x.61 I 6.1.61 ,

I 7.+1

8.x.61

9.x.61 10.x.61 ll.i.61 11.*.61

12.i.61

13.x.61

14.x.61

15.=.61

h a h Em"-, enS& bmcken.

22.w 16.40 18.40 19.05 19.10

16.W 20.00

17.W 19.05 22.15 16.0 22.05 17.00. 22.20

17.w 22.35. 17.15 23.00 16.25 22.45 17.05 22.55 16.55 23.25 17.50 20.30 17.15 23.35 16.50 18.05 ,2325 17.5 23.55 16.40

18.05 17.55 0.05 17.05 23.45

17.25 22.15

18.05 22.45 11.10

23.30

17.45

8224 m t t o 889 8224

8224 Dlt to M t t o

8364 m t t o

11364

889

889 889

B364

11205

8224

11224

Ditto Ditto 8224

889 b 2 4 889

Locat ion (rseozded on 5.x.60):- Upper N.W. Slopsa

s i t u a t e d 1-1.5 m below and 8. of M a t 82. 3 m tmm n e e t 43, in denea p t c h o r pmobmtus and &. 1 m l t h l l . v d t h 2 en t rances lead* t o eep-te upper and lower nea t ahembars, both occupied in pre-egg p s e o d of 1960 but upper ohmbar mbasquent ly dieveed and eol lapeed.

Islyrthi initially both 0.5 m, lower e h a m b a r g r a d ~ deepened t o 3 m.

15.55 No f r e e h oigns. 15.50 " " " 16.30 Sheep t r acks . 16.B " " 1 3 5 " " 17.05 Pootpr in t s . 16.30 No f r e s h s igns. 17.20 Trompled. 23.00 16.10 " 18.15 " 16.50 " '

18.25 No h s h oigns. 23.35" " " 16.30 " :: 16.55 " 15.40 Trampled. 20.50 22.10 16.20 ; 17.00 23.00 17.30 17.W No f r s a h s igns . 11.35 " " " 18.05 " " "

16.55 " '* " 16.35" " " 18.00 " " " 18.10 ". " " 23.35" " " 16.20 Pootprintn.

b t e

&ken s t a l k e undis turbed hence moooupied s i n c e last w.

Gap made in s t a s .

I I

lYme

S t a l k s replaced. Undisturbed.

Dap mads i n s-.

Sta lke replaced: Gap msde in s t a l k s .

S ta lke replaoed. U n d i ~ t w b e d .

Cap made i n s t a l k s .

Outside '

undisturbed. Cap wainin, s t a l k s replaced Gao made in s ta lks .

S t a l k s replaced. Dap in s t a l k s .

mt-ce and h e 1

8 t a l k e replaced. Oap sgoin, a- replaced rmdisturbad.

Bmm bracken

Pleaa.

Nest Chsmber

8187 m t t o mtto N137

81 37 D i t t o

11188

(N323 (R413

N187 IN221 (8187 (a221 8187 (A181 (8221 11187 (8187 (8227 D i t t o m t t o m t t o m t t o D i t t o D i t t o Ditto N181

N187 8187

N181

m t t o m t t o

mtto mtto mtto m t t o mtto D i t t o Ditto

m t t o m t t o mtto mtto nzn D i t M

sizi 8187

k n d 800.

I I I. red + I. blue r i g h t . S t i l l t h i n . " " " " " " Aaleep i n m a t chamber. ,I IS 1, " I I, . I, I, I, ,,

1354

858

Weights (8-8)

Yellow l e f t . Good condi t ion. Ticks i n r i g h t ear. 4, ,, Alone i n n e s t chmber. " " 8, ,, 9, ,,

L. red + I. blue r i g h t . Poor condi t ion. left ) Side by s i d e in n a s t chamber. L. green r i g h t )

Remarks

1495

Stand- a lone st base. I l i i Pacing each other a t base.

D. green l e f t . Veq good cowii t ion. Nl88 j u s t w t s i d e wi th N151.

L. g m s n r i g h t . +

left] s t d i n g % w e t h e r at base.

1049

Side by s i d e ' " " " " 9, " !* l i i mciw each ofher " " " " " " "

Y a l l o l l e f t . D. blue + yel low r i g h t . very good condition

Side by s i d s in nestchambar. Cloaca mall Bands checked. 4y- alone a t baae.

Side by s i d e " " "

q Zhmbs and mutual k t ~ q e t s in n e s t chamber. Side by vide a t barre.

w Pat- each other at base.

~ : t ~ ~ ~ ~ d Side by s i d s in n e a t chamber. m Alone at bass.

" w' in tunnel, $ at base.

I. I ! , Lying a i d e by s i d e a t bass .

Yel low left L. gresn + yelloiri8ht Side by a i d e ln nen t chamber.

Ditto. ~ y y o;:d ;t *. "

YDIIOW isn D. + right * mt &=tad v oloaoa very e e w e d . Band0 chsoked. &hat antnracs. - - 4r:w s i d e bx aide at base.

" . " n n n n n

f l , , 'mi* L+ . m ' " 0. heside 0.

" m " Al-, still a- $UT I.

" " tail -0ted. 141% 916 2, faO* in,

921 1290

~ h k psint appl ied. Cloaan m a , ro la rad . $I80 1 + 2 both sir. Blue psint sppllad. Oood oondition.

A P P E 8 D I 1 4 . (oonthued)

m T 145

Location (recorded an 8.x.60) :- Upper 8.1. Slopes

Situated 7 m north of and s l ight ly above m e t 4 3 unde; dense thicksta of M m , lapidoapeman and Ptelldium. BBra patch of nand outside.

Lnwthl 0 . 5 m l a t e r deepened t o 1.5 m

m t e

6 .~ i i . 61

7.\11.61

20.ri1.61

2 1 . 1

JO.rii.61 7.vii.61

8 . a i . 6 1 14.viU.61 21.riii.61 25.riFi.61 31.TiFi.61

l.k.61 8.k.61 !

Bands chsaksd, s ids by.sida at bane. o* umu, t o entrance clicklmg d i b l a s , then atood rstehiw.ms.

stallre replaosd Oap a p e in atdkn.

D. red right. Henry, not u t m o t e d .

Bands checked: d e e p aids by eide at &e. " " " l "

- " " " " " " standins alone " "

dr digging a t base, $ in entrance.

fsclng each other a t baas. " asleep side by s ide-" "

stalks rsplaoad. Undist,mb.3d.

aap a p e in sta l ls . S*B m p b 0 d . Gap a p e in s t a n . Alone at h.

8130 above with 8128. =. right Side by side in mst chamber. Yellow + whits l e n

side by side at base.

StsIkn rsplaoad. 8151 + 8150 above neat.

W msda in stalks. Bande cheokedr )Ions in mw nest. El51 + 8130 together outside. sands checked. Together in old nest.

Stal ls replaced. Umiimtlpbed.

asp a p e in stalks. t nest chamber.

t + l e f t m e t 3 in r ight , $ in l e f t nes t fhambsr. Bands checked. Together at base.-

Side by s i d s asleep. s*n r s ~ l s c e d Oap mads in atdkn

t nest Ehamber. TDgstbr i t h.

P b t sssn, both at bass. 0 egg;

" " " o* in t m e l Q lying at base, gently l i f t e d . 0 egg. P a t eesn. Bath a t base, " " " " " " " " " " " " " "

" " " " " " " " " "

" " " " " " " " "

d, with Ire& blood atains.

Boter $Is 1 53 8 56.8 x 41.0 mn - 2 , 5 3 6 5 5 . 5 x 4 1 . 4 m

Time

17.45 18.50 15.55 19.15 16.10 19.20

21.00 16.20 19.30 13.50 17.10 23.25 16.30 17-35 18.40 17.40 18.25 16.55 l7.W

Outeids

Raeh excreta. . n " q

Trampled.

" Pleas.

80 fmah a-. " " " * " " " " " " * " 1 : 1

Wtnrncs and Ruvlal

Gap made in stallra.

Stnlka replaced. Cap mads in atalks. Stnlke rsplBCW 5ap made in stnlka.

Surllre replaced. Uap madmads ota l ln . Stnlke replaced. Oap w, s ta lks replaced. Undisturbed. "

" " " " rn "

Beat (bBmber

Oraeo, bracken

and NOS.

81 29 M t t c

81 30

8;; m t t a

Ul 30

I s i sh ta Remrka 76-)

D. green and red r ight . Bands checked, in entrance, A130 above. Yellow + f i t s l e f t .

Banda checked, stmding a t baas. Stmng -11. M e checked, s ids by aids a t base.

" " n n m n n

" " l y h alone at base.

Location (recorded on 25.x.60) :- Upper N.1 . Slopes

S i tua ted 2.5 m b e l a and S. of n e s t 82, and 3.5 m f m m n e s t 43, l e v e l wl th and S 3 . 7 m I m m n e a t 143, under den- t h i c k e t of b q o b m t u . Md h p l d o e p e m m . I n i t i a l l y uaed ar a Right most, l a t e r dug to form a m a t i n g burmr.

Lewth l I n i t i a l l y 0 m g d d l y deepened to 1.5-2 m.

I PPtrance LIlld Rest Chsmber h e 1 I 1 Band Weights Uoe. (grams) Remarks 15.40 Pootpr in t s . 18.40 19.45 15.30 19.15 16.50 S e e p t racks .

N224 m t t o N224 m t t o

L. blue r igh t . Alone a t base. m a checked. m n n L . b l u e r i g h t . " " " " " "n (889 i n 82) .

Uuga hole. S ta lke replaced. Undbturb.3d.

Gap again, s t a l k s replaced. Undisturbed.

Cap again, s t a l k e replaced. Undisturbed. "

" " " " " " " "

Gap mads i n s t a l k e . " " " "

16.15 " * 1 3 3 5 " " " 16.50 Scuffled.

D. blue + y o l l o r r i g h t .

. 1 b b b i n g a i t e r r e t u r n . - 1 17.20 Trampled. S k k e replaoed. Undisturbed.

."

889: CnlUw ascending, then t h m b b i w outs ide . Outside: mlcoma, with m t d * and fill trumpets, then c l i c k i w mandibles, - a c t and oopulation: 6 above 9 .

. 8201 a8le.p ou ta ide (band seen) " b n e by nor-.

Both n e w on eoalea. L. green + red r i g h t .

Gap m d s in s t a l k s . 1 m 4 i o n

S ta lke replaced. 0e.p made in s t a l k s . B89

(B89 (8263 8263

m t t o m t t o

D. blue l e f t : Bear entrance. a263 nearby. (L. blue + yellow W t ) . eands Checked. Together in meeting .?chamber.

-. " N o n e . (889 d t h 8224 in 82). Bonls checked. L y i w al0.m at baae.

w m Standing a lone at baas. S t a l l s replaced: 0e.p mads in s ta lke .

3 I I I n entrance mutually d iep lay ing wlth throba 4 * trumpet8 (8224 c a l h trm 82: rocentllr l e f t bv o" ). 22.W 16.40 Trampled. 0.05 h s h arerata.

15.45 Pootpr in t s .

S t s l b replaced. Ilndlsturbsd. Oap mads in s tp lke . St- replaced.

I I B89 observed landing + a m d i n g fmm W . , c a l l i n g till l u s t outeide. B89 I n entrance ( W a e h s e h d ) .

.

Throbbing in inrsspo~s t o c a l l s I m m bi1.d be lor him. M t t o Y a m h x . s t re tch lnn . anesslnn. o r a e n h .

20.00 16.55 Tramplad 20.15

22.05 "

-. . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I 1 o c f s a 1 L . l ~ t h m b i & , L a t l y q u i e t . -8 checked. N o n e in entrance.

" " " " "

(889 nearby. Olving h s q u m t th robs + * trumpets). " " " " " " " " " " "

Oap mad* in s-.

( m t t o )

( m t t ~ )

(889 near 120).

D. blue l e f t

-a checked * right { Side by s i d e in n e a t chamber. Bands chsoked. Both a t bane. Bed p a i n t applied. Cl- wry enlarged. Bands ohecksd. It baa.. 0 egg. " " " " " "

h e h or0ret-s.

Trampled.

"

. m t t o m t t o m t t o

. . " " " . rn " 8 in tunnel. $ l y i w at basst gent ly l i f t e d : ,O ege.

(8224 l a i d in 82).

A263 m t t o

L. blue + y e l l & r i g h t . Cloaca small. surds checked. Wing at base.

S t a l k replaced. Undiehubsd. I .

8263 I I M a chsoked. llots: 8263 presen t by d w u n t i l 3l.r.611 a t sea till 9.zA.61. B e n prsaent wlth 8413 u n t i l 15.zA.61 when ahs l a i d h e r 1 s t Egg.

. . mt.

.. . hwim m d hcubatlon %rinds

19-61 -1961-62 1962-63 1959-63

n 80 30 183 - 4 . . a,l 81 ' 6%

317 282 82 681 . , 611 563 163 1331

m&u&9i, 1959-60 19E0-61 196142 . 196263 1959-63

'a, 13 ' 58 11 110 . - . .

46 166 .t6i 8 ? a 1

55 192 165 14 426

101 . . 558 326 . 22 '=?.

- .

202 AUULT PDULES AND 173 ADULT U S SEXED WIU I . . - - '

1 CERTAINTY AT THE F K STUM ARU BY THE METfiOD OP CIl)ACAL -NATION AT OVIFQSITION AND/OR APTER DISSECTION

I \ r Sex subsequently confirmed by c l o a s a l e x m i n a t i o n o r d i s s e c t i o n Already eexed i n a previoue seasm I

I B i l l depth meaeuremente of 13.0 m o r more f o r d e f i n i t e l y sexed feza les and of 13.0 m o r l e s s f o r d e f i n i t e l y sexed males have been indicated, together with thoae of t h e i r mates, elthough they may not klways have been recorded a t the e w e time.

1959-60

31 Pemalea Observed r i t h Ehlarged C ~ O B C ~ B at Ovipoeition and 26 YlQlea Observed Breeding with Pamalee Sexed by Cloacal Emmination

88 $ 9 N 3 0 - N2 N1 - N6 (15.4) (13.0) N8 - N9 N61 - N10 ( l a t e r d i ssec ted) N13 - N12

1962-63

6 ~ e a observed ~ ~ ~ ~ d i ~ ,,it,, Females Previously Sexed by Cloacal Enrmiration in 1959-60, 1960-61, o r 1961-62

88 9 9 . N352 s N20 . N508 = Nlgl . N 3 6 n N199

N495 = ~ 2 % ' (13.0) (11.9)

1960-61

7 W e a Observed Breeding with Pemalss Previously Sexed by Cloacal Fxmina t ion i n 1959-60

bc+ 9 9 . NZ81 = N20 . N21 - N22 N32 = N40

N237 s N45

N102 = N7< N491 = ~262 ' . NB49 - N3Ol 12 Pemsles Observed d t h Enllvged Closcaa at, Ovipoeit ion and 6 W s s Observed Breading with P e w l e s Sexed by C l o a d R m h a t i o n

88 9 9 N367

A372

A 3 7 - A376 ~ 1 6 5 . I N319

~357 . = N131

A397 - N434 ~120. . N W

N529 - 8493 A509 - N503 (12.9) (12.4)

~ 1 3 0 . = N514

N440 - NA25 (13.0) (12.4) N104 n llB

( l e g band and p a i n t )

1 Pemale Observed Bneeding in 1962-63 d t h a W e previously Sexed ~JI 1961-62

. 9 . N171 = N210

3 W e s Sexed by m e s e c t i o n

0-a=

~ 4 0 8 ~

~4 18.

~ 5 ~ 0 '

. --.

! i

N402 = ~ 1 6 4 .

N190 =.HI66 . N406 = 8189

A304 s ~ 1 9 6 .

N498 - N201 N365 = ~204. . N366 n A205

N171 n ~ 2 5 1 ' •

A474 - N S 2

1961-62 I 1960-61 continued 1

. N23 n N16 N230 ( l a t e r dissected)

N5 - N17 (12.8) (11.8)

I 118 Females and 79 Malen continued

88 9 9 I N217 = N219 (13.9) (13.0) N192 = N222

I N89 = N224

I I) N80 = N226

I N187 = N227

N18 - Nl9 118 Pemales Observed with

N24 M q e d Cloaoaa at Oviposi t ion snd 79 W e 8 Obaerved Breeding

N26 n N25 1 d t h Pemalss Sexed by Cloacai j Eramimtion

N1 - NY I b # $ 9

N35 n A36 ( l a t e r dissected) j N28 - A37 1 N4 s 113 (14.1) (13.6) (13.6) (13.0) N43 - N39 N26. = N27 N33 - N40 N24* = N41

21 W e a Observed Bmeding x i t h Pemalss Previously Sexed by Cloacal Eramination in 1959-60 or 1960-61

68 9 9 . N112 = 845

N405 - ~ 6 0 . . N27l = M 3

N252 n A148 . A239 - N161

8233

N260 = N241 I

N243 = N244

N246 (13.2)

N251

Tottll Number of

Total Number of

12.9 rn - 21 > l l s t es 0 Depths < 13.1 m = 12 < Mates 0

A P P E N D I X - 8

314 BIWS PIOVISIONNU SEXED BY ME BILL DEPR1 E3nlOD AT THE NECK STUDY MW 1959-1963 INDICATING THE EXmT TO WHICH RlRRW SUPKlRTINC EVIDENCE U S AVAIJABLE

+ Sex subsequently confirmed, by cloacal exmination a t diesection (152) Already pmvisionsilly aexsd

'*I Inoorrecely 8exed a8 females (4) o r malee (1)

1959 - 60 I 1960 - 61 83 Birdn Provieionsilly Sexed:- 31 ae Hales: 46 as Psmalee 114 Birds Proviaionsilly Sexed:- 84 as Hales: 90 ae Pemales

B i l l depth measunrmenta of 13.0 m or more fo r def ini te ly o r pmvicionally sexed females and of 13.0 m or l ees for defini te ly or provieionally d x e d males have been indicated together with those of t h e i r -tea and partners usually recorded a t the same time. B i l l depth meseuremente of all birda obssmed mast ing alone have alw been included.

Birds Sam Keeping C~mpeny (-) 11th Birde of Certain Sax, o r Breeding (=) With Matee Seen With Birds of Certain Sax

1961 - 62 5 l B M e P m v l a i o d l y Sexsdr- . 25 as Hales: 26 ae Females

Birde Seen Rmet Breeding T a g e t h e 3 = c Y 9 Keeping Company Together (-)

93 (ce) as cash

Numbar of pa c@ Number of pe With B i l l Dapthe With B i l l Depga

PEW pp ( c e ) Sex

Number of pa dbl With B i l l Deptha

Birda Seen Keep- Company (-) With Birds of Certain Sex, or Breeding (=) With &tee Seen With Birds of Certain Sex

- 86 14.1 13.0 811 - N10 ~21'-822

N32*- 82

864 - N4E 13.0 13.1 886'- A87 13.6 13.0 N102f- 859

'PS 6 ~8 9 ( s e n m d t h

ps p

A528

ps 6 pea%' pspq p a d 8 pspq

(00) ,, (ce) (Mates (Seen ( fa) (Sean (Mate Sex - Sex of KC . Sex - - Kc of Certain Ce- pp r i t h r i t h *

c Partmro , partner^ ( 13.1 !m r 2 Number of pa

4 13.1 m 8 2 > 12.9 m : 0 With Bi l l DepEs

B ~ r d a Seen Roost Breeding T o g e t h e a r c ? ' Keeping Compeny Together (-)

P . - J~ pp (ce) Sex

N209'- 11251

c e r t a i n / Certain

i I j

8325.- 8216 483'- 11124 NZ66 -N261

8331.- A186 " - A244 8414 5390+ 8580.- 11363 487 - 8439 889 -A431

12.8 12.7 NsT- 8191 490 - A46 A413 - " 12.6 11.7 f l d - R236 49"

a 8403 - A205 491'-~364 N414 -N413 12.6 12.1 " - 8364 ps d ps g 8256 -8485

t 12.0 N418 - Ill86 (Em a494 -A493 8420.- 8240 "Ith 81 -8514*

8436.- A411 8431

8463 - 8462 418*-5493* 8406 5 5 2 1

8335 - 8523

db. ~ a p p ( h t e s of

oe)

@

(-tea of

pp

14.5 * * 12.1 ~393*=8394f N53O -8514

13.9 A520 A465 a 4 6 4 84601-210. 13.4

13.6

I - + . 11.6 NW9' 828f N501 - ~ 4 9 6 N512 8281- 11.8 Sibling8 8441+ A504 -8505 8513 / Sexed 12.6 r by N409k410: &308+-11197 8519 !

PleQl - " ,-N459, ing 8420 -8390 8516 4 1 1 B i l l * 12.2 Dep th N429.-~410~ 8530'5514 A895

a * 11.8 8436*-8481 8403 -BIZ5 1.

, 12.6 12.2 ~465*-8423 BB73 -NA9 ! 1 I

I

P ~ M pspq

8106 -~85*

1 8146 -8l47' 886 -~169+

8261 -N197+

8307 - " N187 5 2 2 3

A234 5 2 2 5

A13 -8232 13.4 13.2 A26 -11241

832 - " A42 - " N245 -8250' 12.7 12.8. 8145 -8261

8256 -8283+ 13.0 12.2 8183 -8311

A21 5 3 2 2

A183 - " A n 8 -11317

N333 N284-{

N332 O ce+

N2?4 -A431

N443 8284-

1 3 3 2 O ce

pp ce )

sex Certain

OP ce)

p a ~ 9 % KC with

Number of ps dbP Number of With B i l l Depths I i t h B i l l

n32tn E n * ,I

I

I

j

=a)

r l t h

?2 ce)

!

Number of ps 11th B i l l Deptffqs

pea? ~ a p p (Seen KC

826 - 8nf N50 - 851' 820 - ~ 1 2 ) + Nl - 8131'

8 3 3 - 82: N14 ~ 4 ' = 83' N42+ - 841+ 855 8112t-~41 A253 -8133 14.0 1 13.0

AllS- ~ 5 3 ' N69 N29 = 844' " - 883' " -8124 i " 6 1 6 1 13.8 13.1 13.6 I

~ 1 1 8 ' 8% - A15 A54 - 856 " -Nln ~266+-~121 " 5 1 6 4 " -N265

13.5 N159' 8 6 3 * ~ N51* " - ~ 1 4 2 ' -8255 N271*513

4280 8285 -8273

8287+-~286

N@*= s lm ' ~111*- 8116+ " -8275 N288 5 1 4 0 12.8 12.2

149+-~1@ ; *. -8349 11.5

Nil+= 8103' ~ 1 2 6 ~ - ~127 ' " a 1 6 6 1 A296 -8356 ~304+-8196

A325 5 2 6 2

" 5 3 0 0 N331 5 3 4 8111*-~110 N348 -8341

14.0 1 " -8173 8351 -A346

8182 - 892 8361 - R B I N185 4 1 0 " -A273 E l m -8189 N362 5 3 5 5

-8233 N365*-~282 14.9 13.0 " -8323

-8276 ~ 3 6 6 ~ 5 2 8 2 13.5 1 3 0

8190*-8310 " -A323

W ce)

NdlBt-Ns4t ,A471 - N303

PO@ ~ 9 %

N214fdl169'

8149'=N303'

,

i I I

!

PO number of ps dbl Deptffqs With B i l l Depths

GBrWa

8269 -N229*

~ 8 9 0 psbd

11'3 N A ~ O 12.4

2:;' NABt 12.9

Number of ps ~33' With B i l l Dapthe

Number of ps c@ With B i l l Deptha

Partnara ' . > Partners C l 3 . l m I 1 o r ate^ )

Number of ps 4 1 3 . 1 m 1 1 > 12.9 m I 1 With B i l l DeptX%

> 12.9 m 1 2

8461

8152 14.4 Nlgl 14.5. A340 13.1 ~ 3 5 2 ~ 13.4 A313 13.5 N 3 2 13.5+ 8387 13.7, 11391 13.4, N398 13.8 N4W 14.0 ~ 4 0 2 ~ 13.2 ~408 ' 14.4 N411 13.2+ N418 14.4+ 8442 13.0

.A450 13.5 8453 14.3 A454 14.0

13.9

8458 12.8

2;3

8206 5 2 0 5

8214 5 2 0 5

N220 -8144 14.1 13.0 " -HI60

, ~ 2 2 8 + 5 3 1 3

8a2+-8148

< Partners 1 : > Partners < 13.1 m : 6 o r Mates o r nates

Number of pe pp 1 3 1 m r 1 > 12.9 mi : 1 11th B i l l Depthe

> 12.9 rn : 5

psdd pep9

8406'-N59

8448 -8268

8451 - E n N2%0-N230 PS rP Pa p

(8em KC With Mate Of

P ce)

~ 3 1 6 * a l W*

* 8398 -N434

~209~=N210+18292

8248'=N314+

=8221'

8 N35if=E116

- . N14 -8391

8112.-~372'

N119 -8180

" -N232* 14.0 13.2 8182*-8114'

~185*-~232* 13.4 13.2 ~190 . -~115~ 14.4 13.0 " -8363'

8202 -N203+ 13.0 12.3 8220*-~141'

+ ~228.-~229

N239-(13.0 * (~115* 13.7 (N238

t p c e t 1 3 . ~ 8249 * a 8252 -8115 14.6 13.0

" -N229*

~253-A55* 13.9 13.0 "

PC& pspp

8468 -N311f

p ~ p p

-11291

8296*-~2~2* 14.8 13.2+ 11330 -N331

8314 -8363

A318 11.8 h.353 11 .5 A361 11.4 N368 12.1

82663-8261*:N440 -8441' jl3.O 11.1

~ 2 8 5 * - 8 ~ 1 ! ~444'-8445+

8288*-8350 jN452 5 4 3 2 12.8 11.9 / 8104'-8311 iNAl+ 4 7 8 +

.;12.1 . 12.6

. .

RW+

8446 11.9 8441 12.4 N449 12.0 8451 12.2 8455

12.9

N580- 8124 . [P EB+

A381 -N221*

8392 -8310 14.1 13.1 8393 -8394

" . -8423

8396 -A395

8405'-~404 12.6 12.3 N405+-8414

8409 -11410

~413+-8384+ 13.0 1 2 . N419 -8460

8420 -8240+

A422 -8421

" -8461 13.0

1425 4 3 9 1

A429 -8428

8435 -8459

il5.3 : 8436+-8437' 13.1

N364+:N43Bt-8439t

N375 12.8 N376 11.5 N31gt 12.6 8385 11.9 8 3 e . 12.6 N y 8 11.3 A389 11.5 N390 12.3 8401 11.5 ~ 4 0 1 10.9 N?12 11.9 8415 11.5 N416 12.2 N41T 11.8

A424 11.8 A426 12.3 A477 11.9 A430

N434+ 12.9 12.1

y oe) sex

N491 -8523. t

8530 -8204

O 0 0 )

N524 -8291. A526 8382*-N523*N516*-1527

A P P E N D I X g

A P P E N D 1 1 11

HISIORI OF 6 IULES AND 5 FDULES R e O V F R E D DENJ AS ADULTS AUAF FROM THE SIUDF ARU

A P P E N D I X 13

. NO uld Sar -

n e d g u Place of

HatcKng Two-Tear-Old Jusanlla Thms-Isar-Old

*

3- 5z 2 n

a

1 La ' 8

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111 K 9.xi1.61 " n " 138 " KC Post-E

0 39 9.1.60 ' LII K (20.115 ) th-$t

978 10.5m 5.x.61 " E O 3-2 W e . (21.20)

6.x.61 rn m cg "

(20.03- 21.30) Track t o " Ah'

Ridge 16.x.61 Par Nu " DO 23.L0 Road aa-etn 17.x.61 Par m N e w - 90 03.25 Bsach 223 21 a.61 " 223 - R I ( @ c s ) 22.x.61 par m U B W (20.30) Rwd cg-th-&t 2L.x.61 (20.30) c g - t t 25.1.61 Euahsa r8 RO w,05 bgRcad 27.1.61 par m - AW 20.b0 . Road

N U 5 Ridge 28.111.59 I11 H 11.11.61 Ridge 12% - M 1b.x.61 ' Ridge New - RO 836g 10.1m ffl (22.55) 39

5 . x ~ ) m 84 ~440' PB 13 .5-6 14.1.63)- Slopes

12-18 day. b . 6 Par W Near - AW CR 2 9 '9 (03.30) Baach 22b

16.1.60 I11 J 2.xi1.61 - Ah' h a c k t c 730g 10.3m (22.110) Rldga 0-6 days 3 . 1 6 N 171 ~bo3 KC

S l T . 19.xii.61 17211 " DI: th-&t , 20.111.61 " 13511 n " " m 16.11.- : M

: " 17211 - mo- 3.111.6P: If1

W N W - LW (20.05) S o p a 96

W 3 Scdt 3.1.63 111 H 957g 10.h W.ir.72

9 138 5-10 days , 8.1.63 (20.10) 111 J AE 992g 10. lmm 3-5 days

(In g o d condition: ce) I .

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WE S o p s

Baoch NE 4-a NE

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moll m 1 soPaa.

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11. and ) 6.xi.62) (20.03)

16.~1.-) 111.1.63) 27.11.63

28.xi.59

12.111.59

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12.161.59

19.xU.59

12.x11.59

25.xi1.59

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I11 H '3-6 daya

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I11 H 9113s 10.8m 0-5 days

1110 13-15 daya

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26.r11.62

27.11.61 (22.03) 28.11.- )

111.111.61 1 20.111.61 (22.05)

20.111.60 6.1.61 13.U1.- )

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26.11.60 (21.55)

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911

A P P E N D I X 1 5

15 DmMITELI SO[D MLES WITH SULL BILL DLPTH I(USUREWIIITS OBSWW AT THE NECK Snmr ARFA 1959 - 1963

\ INCREASES M B l L l , L ~ 6 H AND BILL DEPTH I I U S J R m S RECWED FW 1 1 PULES AND 6 FMLLES BANDm I N ADULT PLWOE AT THE NECK STMI IRE*

~ 1 3 4

8

mlr3

6

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E . NLl KC Oct. N3W E mt. N3M KC 13.11.60 39.5 13.7 Ym. - . RA " ti251 " " N70 "

Fob. - Iu - RA RA 21.h.60 39.8 14.1 . . rno Nor.-) NIL2 KC+ 2

- sb Jan. ) - RA AE C l M 3f m. Nlk2 KCn

lb

6.11.60

l b . h . 6 0

7.61.60

5.111.60

'28.h.60

11.61.72

36.3

3 6 3

36.8

39.0

39.2

39.8

13.8

1L.O

14.1

13.5

13.9,

14.8

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m.

~ 1 3 3 ) 3pOC) m33 ) P N139)

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Sapt. " Oct.-)h736r Fsb. ) M.

S p t . ~ c t . " Nos.-) ate. Ibc. m.

-

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. -

N95 - N92 N95r

N95 -

IU sb- l b

RA KC W AE IU l b -c

KC RA 10: FB AE I(C IU lo -c

2R E1R

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( h a t - E )

k 5 6 f l i

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spt. - RA

Feb. N70 m73 ) *IU bNLk2) rno

I

spt. &t.- Jan.

N15L* to

KC s 2/2 AE

C1D

C2D

7+9& ND15:9Ug 11.5m: 8

1C-12 m16:8ffig 10.5m: 9

13 TRIOS 0~ctiBlllL.E UlRlTYO YEYULES AND L TRIOS OFTU)I(IJ.ES YTIllOlE F N L E OBSWVPD TmETHrX IN NWINO, ROOSTIN0 CR KllilTINO PLACES AT THE NECK SUDI MF.4 B m M I959 AND 1963

A P P E N D I X 19

364 BIRDS OBSHIVED P 3 1 N G AT THE NECE STUDY ARF* BETW( 1959 MID 1963

93 BIRDS FIRST 00- BRFXDINC IN 1959-60

65 BIRDS RETWINC M BRm AT ME STUDY A R U IN 1960-61 28 BIRDS ?AILING TO BRED AT W STUDY ARFA I N 1960-61

AT DIE S*YE NESTS AT DIPPERMT NESTS R M Y ) m D M D I s l p P u R E D (L = Afte r h o n human int-)

1959-60 1960 1959-€0 1960 1960 nth the -. mates With d i f f e r e n t mates With-&e s;me mates With d i f f e r e n t matea breeding pre-egg breeding win te r Pm-egg

seam" period meason period period

(6)5 6 6 3 (8)7 8 17 13 0 1 1 0 6 ( L ) 10(1) 2 4 2 2 (1 mmatod U t s r (1 remated a f t e r ( ~ o m r mates of 9 bo'+ death of h i e mate) hia nrt. deaarted h e r 4 $$ missing)

eggs)

9 BIRDS R E T m I N G M BREED AT ME STUDY AEZA IN 1961-62

A T THE %hK6 NESTS AS IN 1959-60 AND 1960-61 AT THE SAME NESTS AS IN 1959-60 AT THE ?AbE NESTS AS IN 1960-61 AT DIPPERIIlT NESTS

nth the -D mate0 .a Lo With d i f f e r e n t na taa With d i f f e r e n t n a t e e With the same n a t e s ae in with r i m t h e same mates ae in r im 1960-61 1959-61 1960-61 d i f f e r e n t 1959-61 1960-61 d i f f e r e n t

mates mate0

1 0 1 1 (Pomsr mates both do.*)

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 5 5 3 2 9 7~ (Pomer mate (Pormer matss miseing) of 4 dd+

22 BIRDS FAILING TO E m AT lW STUDY ARF* I N 1961-62

. KEPT COYPANK,OmY REMYERH) D M DISAPPEARED (I = Afte r h o r n h m i n t e r i e m n c e ) - - - - - . . - - - - - -

1960-61 hmodins esason 1961 win te r period 1960-61 breeding aeaean 1961 win te r period 1961 pre-egg per iod

66 9 9 bdr P P 6 6 88 9 3 68 9 9 b 6 9 9 0 P

o 1 o 1 1 o 6 (1) 2 (1 I) 2 2 2 5

AT W S U B BESTS AS I B AT THE S*YE NESTS AS I B AT THE SUE NESTS AS IN AT THE SUE NESTS AS I N AT DI- NESTS

1960-61 AKE 1961-62 1959-60 1962-61 1961-62 -

With t h e -e mate0 a8 in With d i f f a m n t mates l i t h d i f f e r e n t mates with t h e same with r i m U-tsd W i t h the same ! 1959-1962 matee as in d i f f e r e n t matea as in d i f f e r e n t 1959-62 1961-62 mates 1959-62 1961-62 mates

8 @ 9 9 6 6 P P 8 6 P 0 8 6 P P F 6 P P 83 $ 8 b6 P P b 8 P P J f f P P P

1 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 5 2 1 (Pormer matee (Former ( P o m e r mate dse*) mates of miss l rg )

4 09 mi.sins)

20 B I W S FAILING m W D AT W STUDY ARFA IN 1962-61

mYEm DBlD DI SAPPURE0

1962 win te r period 1961-62 breeding seasan 1962 win te r period 1962 pre-egg period I

8 b 9 9 $6 P P a?-' p P b 6 P 9 1 0 6 (1 L) 5 0 2 3 3 (11) -

~. 169 BIRDS FIRST OBSERVED BREEDINi AT M E NZCK STUDY ARF.4 IN 1960-61

--

81 BIRDS RETWNIRC TO W l E b AT THE STLiUl A I W IA 1961-62 64 BIRDS ?AILING M BRED AT UiE STUDY ARFA IN 1961-62 24 BIRDS OF UTlCERTAIN FATE IN . AT UiE SULe NESTS AT DIPPERMT NESTS KEP7 RECOWP3D ?FS D I W P F A F E t H)RYER NESTS USED R)R ~ N T A O L S

CMIP*NT (L = After b o r n human OnTY interrereno.)

with the nsma w i t h d i f f e r e n t With the same With d i f f e r e n t 1960-61 1961 1961 1960-61 1961 1961 None reappeared t o moult mates matea mates matee moulting winter pre-egg breeding win te r pre-egg

88-n period period season period period

5 5 2 4 11 12 14 2 8 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 2 1 4 1 8 1 5 6 1 2 ( P o m e r n a t e s of ( F o m e r m t e s (12L)(14L) l d + 4 $ $ of 5 8 P + 1509

dm*) miming)

AT THE S U B ABSTS AS I n AT THE M NEST AS IN AT ME SUIE NESTS AS IN AT DIPIERMT NESTS 1960-61 U B 1961-62 1960-61 1961-62

With tho -0 mates as Lo With d i f f e r e n t mates with the same mates as in With With the same matea aa in W i t h Unnnted 1961-62 1960-62 1960-61 1961-62 d i f f e r e n t 1960-62 1960-61 1961-62 diffe-t

mates n e t e s

$8 P P dd 9 9 6 6 9 9 * a - 9 % $ 6 ~ 9 8 6 P O # * P O 8 6 0 9 f i f l P P 6 6 9 0 d * f l 9 %

1 0 1 0 0 1 2 4 1 0 2 3 1 0 1 2 8 1 9 0 1 (mmer (Pormer (Former mates of 5 da" mate mate + 10 oo miaaina)

-

33 BIRDS PAILING TO B3TEC AT THE STUDY ARFA I N 1962-61 .- - - -

KWT (IOYP*IPI OnLY RECOYERm DEW D I S * P P ~

no agga l a i d 1962 moulting period 1962 rinter period 1961-62 breeding season 1962 wintar period 1962 pre-egg per iod

d a" 9 9 so" P P $8 P 0 b 8 P 9 6 6 0 P 66 9 9 0 6 0 1 1 ( I ) 0 7 1 5 10 0 2

(1 i n j u e d )

73 BIRDS PIRST OBSERVED BAES)IRG AT THE NECK SnmY ARU IN 1961-62

27 BIRDS RETUF2lING TO B R 5 D AT W STUDY ARE4 IN 46 BIRDS FAILING m BRED AT ME STUDY AIW IN 1962-63 I1 BIRDS OF UNCERTAIN FATE 1962-63 1962-63

AT Me SUIE NESTS AT DIP= NESTS KEPT COW*NY DIED DIWPT*RgD m m NESTS u r n m~ CONTROIS

With the esme With d i f f e r e n t NO eggs l a i d 1961-62 1962 1962 1961-62 1962 1962 None reappenred t o moult m t e o n a t e s by mste breed* wintar pro-egg breading win te r pre-egg

s-1 oerlod period - " P P 6 f f 9 9 a-r3 0 0 0 6 f f 0 0 8 f 0 p f f 3 P 9 f f 6 P P d 8 P ? 661 0 P 4 3 12 8 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 6 4(1L) 7 8 2 4 6 4

(Former m t s o of (?male in ju red) 5 d b r * 5 $ $ d 8 ~ i n s )

mis Tabla i o baosd on iniornvltian in AppendFr 24 and 37-41.

A P P E N D I X 20

R ~ T W b iw 11 PEUlas Wlor Awauw T9 TUE HECK 91Wl *REi M 1%9, 1972 (R 197b AOH) 10 I6W (R

1964 - 61 l%l - 62 1962 - 63 1969 - 1971 P.rd NO. ."l

1559 - 60

ti ti ti

Nl23

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, . ~t m r U E . a . 7 slops mt

151

58

-

68

-

MI In0

P l L

N2lb " ~ 2 8 , ~ -

m59 - P l b lQ& (D) - - - - 9 wo -

NE A S . +

m%. E i i . d . 1 ~ As 12t .

27.xi.72 (22.20) SE lr.

AE

1185. - 1001.

- P I 3 ) no 1 8 m U ) a 2 -

0.

- 10"

-

-

AS 12

8: RL E

AS E O RL 5 EB AE w on SO

EO RLC

Bm. UE A r . mt

MI l b

E

M

R(

E RI

. ax-.. Slop8

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( P M ~ - E )

pa:

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- lLbWZ+

. 5 - 23, - 50

. .

WUS. + ~ e n t r a l a rm.r 10

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in m r i 5

- - -

~&l 9pt. at.

w IBB ~m -c E AS Oc. RL

en RL w AS RLC

lbl

( M - C )

~ m d t mlac. SEW.

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A P P E N D I X 23

BIRDS OBSWVEU I N PAIRS OR SINGLY AT 86 BREEDING NESTS AT nlE NECK STUDY ARE4 DLiRING lKE P G D X PIXIOD I N 1961

NE SLOPES I CENTRlL E SLOPES I SE SLOPES

43 57A 81 JULY 6 8 9 9 6 6 9 O AUG. . . 8 6 N187 9 9 N323 3'8 N126" 9 9 NzQl 6 6. 9 3 SmT 88 N126' 9 3 N205 go- p 0 N323 66 Nl26. 0 9 , N137' 66 ~ 1 2 6 .

N128

6.3' p 9 N364 38 ~ 1 2 6 r . 9 .O N364 8.8 N126' a 9 OCT. 6 6 N126' N36@ W 7 9 9 N137' N205 A129

E l t 2 E l 1 2 66 9 9 6 6 P P * 6 6 9 9

' 66 ' P O 66 m 7 ? 9 N129

EI+EZ AOV. do-

.. 9 9 ' I I I

Nu SLOPES *AD PAR Nu BEACH \ m ~ P E S AND m BF*CH

Nest Numbers

8 2 84 95 90 124 142 143

N77 lll03

NO9 ~ 2 2 4 ~

N216 . 11157 N187 N364 N116 N204

m9 N564 Nl37

Nl87 N323

m 9 N413 A227 N116 N323 N205 N137

N89 N157 N 178- N188 N263 N129 N' ?

N216 A413 N205 N116 N323

NO9 N187 N224' N227

N364

N89

N89 Nl N132 N17Wf N157 ~ 1 3 2 ' N107 N320 N 3 3 F ~ 1 2 8 NZJJ

N1 N498" N178*+ N413 N187 N364 N364 N177 N332' N431 N227

E1+2 N403 N1 ~ 4 9 0 ~ + N 4 1 3 N157 N132 A205 X282. ' N201 N332++

E1+2 E1+2 N89 Nl N 1 7 P N224' N177 N431 E1+2 El+?

Nl N l 3 P N202"+ N128 E1+2 E l t 2

A P P E N D I X 24

HEST3 AND UTE3 OP 176 BIRDS OBSERVED m I N C AT THE UECK STUDY *RB H)R 1XI OR WRE YEARS

.PPevioue mates a l s o r a t m e d but bred with d i f f e r en t partner0 *Desel.ted before lwiw

-Died a t egg-laying

65 BREOWS FIRST bBSERVED I N 19%-60

I I Ihnd AO. Brotld- Nest8 a t e 8 Breeding Nests Matee 1959-6i) 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1959-60 1960-61 ' 1961-62 1962-63 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1959-60 1960-61, 1961-62 1962-63

~ - - --

84 BRXWWS FIRST OBSERYED I N 1960-61 '

27 BRFgDWS PIRST OBSTAYH) IA 196142

Band No.

A42 A125 A126 8143 A145 A146 A153 A157 A165 N112 A178

A181 A198 8208 A214 A228

8242

I !

A254 A56 A258 A274 A278 8284

A294 A299

A305 N Y X A326 A335 8357

Band Ao.

841 N60 8 8 3 11114 A116 8121 8123 N137 N148 A151 N154 N161 A164 A166 A169 N l n 8189 A193 A197 A199 A204 A205 A210 8212 ~ 2 1 3 N221 8224 8227 A231 A233 ~ 2 3 6 A241 A244 A255 N262 8263 N265 8273 A276 A283 A289 A293 AXO N301 A302 W 3 A310 A315 11327 A332 A345 A369

16 ULES

32

Breed* Assta

d a d Ao.

8120

A171 a tgo A239 A252 8266

8304 m65 8366 8393 ,8402 8442 A414 A499

. nAI nA2

11 PM*LIS

ULES

U t e e

52

Breed* Aests

Band No.

~ 1 9 6 N246 N250

N25 1 N280 N282 0 9 4 84% A445 8466

A493

1962-63

26 15 83 62 75

134 79 98

105

111 87

115 121 140 391

71A 151

174 175

1960-61

101 25 124 64 178 75 19 94 36 102 142 143 63

4 134 182 87

59 194 159 89 119 191 123 128 7V156 146 166/174 171 187

1960-61

N.23 N141(L) 8137 895 Nl44 N % ~ ( L ) N154 A156 A58 6213 N177

A233*,%227 8199 A302 A169 3 N344

A273*/N60 A324 N255 NZ83 A193 A186 A303 A332 AZJl 8306 8310

, A123 A327 N276 N116

1960-61

10 87 101 46 181 27 146 124 155 145 79 160 31 76 181/141 142 42 159 115 63 93 43 106 101 102 127 180 ' 143 123 143 113 77 111 59 173 125 109

171 194 184 176 119 153 185 158 731156 106 661174 191 81 183

F-ES

&tee 1961-62

22 26 43 68 147 75 19 124 IW 83 98 143 63 10 141 118 111 81 172 115 lg4 107 1 92 12 lUD 17 198B 175B 111 174 187B

1960-61

N24(L) 8245 842 N106/A110 N357 N52(L) A308 11126 Nlel(L) ~ 2 9 5 N153 N162(~) N66(~ ) N167(1) A214 A178 EE A258 A316 A198 A163 A216 A209 A211 (L) N172 N279(L) N89 8187 A294 N l 8 F A134 A260 (R) 8243(L) A254 A328 876 A67 8245- 8335 8256 8359 A336 U278 ' All8 A208 A149 A505 m19 A326

Am An N30

Breeding Nests