SOME COMMENTS ON CIVIL ENGINEERING COUPLING WITH

SOME COMMENTS ON CIVIL ENGINEERING COUPLING

WITH INFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES FOR NATURAL

DISASTER RISK MITIGATION IN BULGARIA

CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016

UACG, NIGGG-BAS

M. Kouteva*, 1, L.Pashova**, Kr. Boshnakov*

* UACEG, Sofia, Bulgria, www.uacg.bg, 1- corresponding author: [email protected]

** NIGGG-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria, www.bas.bg

Sofia, June 2016

From the Stafford Act

2 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS

Sofia, June 2016


A FEMA Definition of Disaster

“An occurrence that has resulted in property damage,

deaths, and/or injuries to a community”. (FEMA, 1990)

“Major Disaster: Any natural catastrophe. . . or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or

explosion, in any part of the United States, which, in the determination of the President,

causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance. . .

to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, local governments, and disaster

relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby.”

NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT

A “Comprehensive” definition



A U.N. Definition of Disaster

““A serious disruption of the functioning of

society, causing widespread human, material, or

environmental losses which exceed the ability of

affected society to cope using only its own

resources.”

(U.N., 1992)

“A disaster is a non-routine event that exceeds thecapacity of the affected area to respond to it in sucha way as to save lives; to preserve property; and tomaintain the social, ecological, economic, andpolitical stability of the affected region.”

(Pearce, 2000)

“… any natural or manmade incident, including terrorism, that result in extraordinary levels of mass

causalities, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy,

national morale, and/or government functions”

(US Dpt of Homeland Security National Response Framework, Chapter 2: Response Actions, 42.

Available at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergencynrf/nrf-core.odf/)

A FEMA Definition of Catastrophe


Basic Definitions


Sofia, June 2016


Hazard

Disaster

Risk

Vulnerability

ResilienceGuide for DRM Systems Analysis

Definitions from ISDR Terminology version 2007

(www.unisdr.org/terminology)

Natural

Geological;

Hydrological;

Meteorological;

Biological.

Technogenic / man-made

Technological;

Industrial;

Security related (terrorism).

Defining by Characteristics1. Length of forewarning

2. Magnitude of impact

3. Geographical scope of impact

4. Duration of impact

5. Speed of onset


Natural Disaster in Bulgaria


Sofia, June 2016


N DISASTERSAREA, WHICH COULD

BE AFFECTEDMAJOR CRITERIA CONSEQUENCES

GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA

1 Earthquakes regional* Intensity – up to 12 degrees (MSK) Soil displacements, cracks, land slides, fires, damage and collapse, human

losses, ecological catastrophes

2 Slope failures (landslides, landslips,

creep, falls, flows, subsidence)

local** Mass and velocity flow Rock mass, material loss, human losses

3 Mud-rock flows local Mass, velocity flow Mud- stone flow , material loss, human losses

4 Erosion and abrasion local Process intensity and speed Dislocations, collapses, material loss, human losses

5 Storm surge local hurricane winds

Speed > 40km/h

Dislocations, collapses, material loss, human losses

6 Tsunami local sea floor displacement or triggering of slumps Dislocations, collapses, material loss, human losses

HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA

7 Floods regional, local Racing the river level Flooding of riparian zones, material loss, human losses

8 Snow flows and glaciations regional, local Quality of snow falls over 20 mm in 12 hours Snowdrift - difficulties for road infrastructure

9 Drought regional, local High temperatures and low humidity Damage in agriculture, reducing soil fertility, fire

10 Temperature extreme regional, local Temperature material loss, human losses

11 thunderstorm local intensity material loss, human losses

12 Tornado phenomena local Speed > 30m/s material loss

13 Dust storms regional, local High temperatures and low humidity, dusting Damage in agriculture, reducing soil fertility, fire

14 Hailstorms local Icy grain size, intensity Damage in agriculture

15 Wet snow local Quantity and moisture content of snow Damage to forests, orchards, electricity supply network

16 Fog (coastal, evaporation, radiation,

valley, upslope)

regional, local Horizontal visibility at distances less than 500 м Transport, clean air

17 Silver thaw local intensity transport, agriculture

18 Wild land fire regional, local Temperature Thermal effects, material losses, damage to the biosphere and soil

19 Strong wind regional, local Speed > 15m/s material loss





landslides

floods

earthquakes

snowstorms

windstorms

draugth

icestorms

hailstorms

Natural Disasters in Bulgaria

Disaster Risk Management

Preparedness

Disaster

Disaster Response

Rehabilitation / Reconstruction

Prevention / Mitigation

PRE - DISASTER

DISASTER RESPONSE

POST - DISASTER


Sofia, June 2016


Total Disaster Risk Management - Good Practices,

Chapter 2 -Asian Disaster Reduction CentreGuide for DRM Systems Analysis

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND

BIOENERGY DIVISION

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION OF

THE UNITED NATIONS; ROME, JANUARY 2008




BDS EN 1998-1:2005/NA:2012 - 475 years return period


Legislation framework for design and construction

http://212.122.182.105/mrrgisv1/ GIS portal MRDUP

BDS EN 1998-1:2005/NA:2012 - 1000 years return period




Legislation framework for design and construction

http://212.122.182.105/mrrgisv1/

GIS portal MRDUP


Sofia, June 2016



FLOODPLAINS

http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/effis/applications/current-situation/

Fire Danger Forecast



Natural Disasters in Bulgaria - landslides

Map of landslide distribution in 403 regions (after Bruchev et al, 2007)

http://varna.geozashtita.bg/

http://varna.geozashtita.bg/; http://pernik.geozashtita.bg/; http://pleven.geozashtita.bg/;


http://varna.geozashtita.bg/

http://pernik.geozashtita.bg/

http://pleven.geozashtita.bg/

Disaster Risk Management

12/???UACG, NIGGG-BAS

Sofia, June 2016



GIS and Earthquake Risk ManagementSPATIAL DATA COMPATIBILITY

INSPIRE Directive 2007/2 of the the EC Annex III

Theme 12 – Natural risk zones



Civil Engineering IT NDRM

Smart Input Controlled Output

Mitigating Consequences

NDRM Contemporary approaches

Legislation

Monitoring

Information systems

Early warning




NDRM in Bulgaria - LegislationNDRM in Bulgaria - Legislation

1. Ministry of Interior Law;

2. Disaster Protection Law;

3. Spatial Planning Law;

4. Administrative Violations and Punishments Law;

5. Forests Law;

6. Environmental Protection Law;

7. Waters Law;

8. Road Traffic Law;

9. Rules for Application of Ministry of Interior Law;

10. Code for Administrative Procedures;

11. Regulations for the Structure and Activity of The Consultative Council for Assistance to

Council of Ministers for Formation of State Policy in the Field of Disaster Protection;

12. Regulations for Organization and Activity of Inter-departments Commission for Recovery

and Facilitation to Council of Ministers;

13. ... etc....

LEGAL FRAMEWORK, REGULATIONS, DIRECTIVES, ORDINANCES, INSTRUCTIONS ETC. DOCUMENTS;

DEPARTMENT RULES, INSTRUCTIONS, ORDINANCES;





Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction 2014 -2020;

Strategy for National Security ;

National Plan for Disaster Protection ;

National Program for Disaster Protection;

National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure Protection;

Departments Orders, Instructions, Rules and Ordinances;

National Early-Warning System (НСРПО);

Methods for Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment;

Methods for Floods Hazard and Risk Assessment;

•... ... ...

Initiatives related to NDRM in Bulgaria




Earthquakes Floods Storms Landslides

PR

EV

EN

TIO

N/

WE

AK

EN

ING

Earthquake resistant design

and construction;

Rehabilitation / strengthening /

of vulnerable structures;

Seismic isolation and Seismic

control system.

Construction of dams,

dikes and embankments;

Afforestation;

Construction of pools /

reservoir for flood

control.

Breakwater

construction;

Afforestation – creation

of woodland/forests;

Construction of dams

and dikes for soil erosion

limitation;

Construction of

revetments.

PR

EP

AR

ED

NE

SS

/

RE

AD

INE

SS

Implementation of seismic

monitoring systems;

Implementation of early

warning systems /automatic

shut down/.

Implementation of systems

for meteorological

monitoring.

Shelters, protection;

Implementation and use

of environment and

meteorological

monitoring systems.

Implementation of systems

for meteorological

monitoring.

Preparation of maps of hazards;

Risk assessment by quality and quantity;

Information systems and data bases for risk assessment;

Provision of water, food and materials reserves;

Trainings for emergency situations;

Establishment of early warning systems;

Preparation of emergency sets.





Earthquakes Floods Storms Landslides

RE

AC

TIO

N

Rescue operations

First aid

Fire fighting

Monitoring for secondary disasters

Emergent strengthening of affected construction

Construction of temporary housing

Establishing of temporary tent-villages

RE

HA

BIL

ITA

TIO

N /

RE

CO

NS

TR

UC

TIO

N

Stable reconstruction

Planning of land usage

Auxiliary means for subsistence

Planning for industrial rehabilitation



Sofia, June 2016




Sofia, June 2016





Relevant Earthquake Risk Sources and Risk Elements

VULNERABILITY

Earthquake

HAZARD

Induced impacts

Related / associated / factors

Buildings

Human losses

Critical infrastructure

Floods

Fires

Hazardous materials

Debris / Smothering /

dust , etc.

Direct and induced socio-economic losses

Direct impacts and damages




Conclusive Remarks and Future Work

Harmonization and unification of all data sets in accordance with national and

European legislation;

Unification of maps format and attribute tables, organizing them in a common

database of criteria for express expert risk assessment for large areas exposed to the

seismic risk;

Future integration of IIDS in Web-based GIS environment.

NDREstimation is based on vast variety of information sources – geospatial

information in broad temporal and spatial coverage is coupled with ND hazard

assessments and common and particular vulnerability data;

Reliable NDRisk Estimation requires thorough collaborative multidisciplinary efforts to

assess and integrate the available databases performed with relevant sharing of

information;




Documents

SOME COMMENTS ON CIVIL ENGINEERING COUPLING WITH