some chemistry concepts

8/10/2019 some chemistry concepts

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Hazardous Substances Data Bank,

National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

http://tonet.nl!.nih."o#/

Do$nloaded Septe!ber, %&&'

SODIUM PHENOLATE

()S*N: +-&%For other data, click on the Table of Contents

Human Health Effects:

Human Toxicity Excerts:

... L0()L 1221(3S ()N B1 S3*0N4L5 M6364)31D B5 7*1S1N(1 02 )N581H6(L1 963H )226N635 20* 7H1N0L. ... S0M136M1S 3H1*1 6S 0NL5 M6LD

7)6N 0* D6S(0M20*3 B1()S1 7H1N0L D1M51L6N)31S 0* 03H1*96S1D1S3*05S M)N5 3571S 02 N1*81 26B1*S. /7H1N0L/

;4osselin, *.1., *.7. S!ith, H.(. Hod"e. (linical 3oicolo"y of (o!!ercial 7roducts.


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0ral in"estion can result in !ucocutaneous and "astrointestinal corrosion. Both oral

in"estion and etensi#e application to the skin can cause syste!ic toicity !anifested by

transient (NS sti!ulation follo$ed by (NS and cardio#ascular depression death !ayresult. /7henol/

;4il!an, ).4., L.S.4ood!an, and ). 4il!an. Ceds.. 4ood!an and 4il!anEs 3he

7har!acolo"ical Basis of 3herapeutics. @th ed. Ne$ 5ork: Mac!illan 7ublishin" (o.,6nc., +-=??711* *186191D??

) +- yr old fe!ale in"ested +< !l of phenol and co!plained of se#ere nausea, burnin" inthe throat, and epi"astriu!. Laryn"oscopic ea!ination re#ealed superficial burns and

sli"ht ede!a of the hypopharyn. Despite "astric la#a"e $ith oli#e oil and intra#enous

saline ad!inistration, she continued to be nauseated. 0ne hr later she be"an to #o!it

blood and to ha#e diarrhea, passin" copious a!ounts of blood $ith clots. She "raduallybeca!e cyanotic and stuporous. Her blood pressure decreased !arkedly and her

etre!ities beca!e cold. She eperienced periods of relapse and reco#ery durin"

treat!ent but died +@.< hr after in"estion. /7henol/

;Bennett 6L )nn 6ntern Med %: %'@ C+-??711* *186191D??

)n e!ployee accidentally spilled '< liters of @=F aAueous phenol on hi!self. 2ollo$in"i!!ediate irri"ation $ith alcohol, he ehibited superficial skin burns, beca!e co!atose

and died shortly thereafter. /7henol/

;Du#erneuil 4, *a#ier 1 )rch Mal 7rof %: =& C+-% as cited in N60SH (riteriaDocu!ent: 7henol p.'+ C+-@ DH19 7ub N60SH @+->??711* *186191D??

2atal neonatal hyperbilirubine!ia fro! inhalation of phenolic #apors has occurred in

poorly #entilated nurseries in $hich phenol $as used to disinfect !attresses andbassinets. /7henolic #apors/

;4il!an, ).4., L.S.4ood!an, and ). 4il!an. Ceds.. 4ood!an and 4il!anEs 3he

7har!acolo"ical Basis of 3herapeutics. @th ed. Ne$ 5ork: Mac!illan 7ublishin" (o.,6nc., +-=??711* *186191D??

(H*0N6( 706S0N6N4 963H *1N)L G H17)36( D)M)41 M)5 0((* 2*0M6NDS3 (0N3)(3. /7H1N0L/

;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +&'>??711*

*186191D??

6N41S360N 02 + 4 H)S B11N L13H)L 30 M)N. /7H1N0L/

;6nternational Labour 0ffice. 1ncyclopedia of 0ccupational Health and Safety. 8ols.

6G66. 4ene#a, S$itzerland: 6nternational Labour 0ffice, +-=. +@+>??711**186191D??

+' !"/k" resulted in "astrointestinal effects, and in"estion of +'& !"/k" caused death.;(leland, .4., 4.L. Iin"sbury. Multi!edia 1n#iron!ental 4oals for 1n#iron!ental

)ssess!ent. 8olu!e +. 17)&&/@@@+a. *esearch 3rian"le 7ark, N(: 17), No#.

+-@@.,p. 1+=%>??711* *186191D??


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May be fatal if absorbed throu"h the skin or inhaled. /7henol/

;2ire 7rotection 4uide to Hazardous Materials. +% ed. Juincy, M): National 2ire

7rotection )ssociation, +--@. ,p. '-+&>??J( *186191D??

S181*1 G 2)3)L 7H1N0L 706S0N6N4S H)81 0((**1D )231* S(H

S71*26(6)L 1K70S*1 )S 30 S441S3 H571*S1NS6368635 0*6D60S5N(*)S5. /7H1N0L/

;4osselin, *.1., *.7. S!ith, H.(. Hod"e. (linical 3oicolo"y of (o!!ercial 7roducts.

??711* *186191D??

7henol is toic if absorbed and !ay result in death e#en if the eposed area is as s!all as

that of a hand or forear!. /7henol/;Iirk0th!er 1ncyclopedia of (he!ical 3echnolo"y. rd ed., 8olu!es +%. Ne$ 5ork,

N5: ohn 9iley and Sons, +-@=+-='.,p. +@C=% =+>??711* *186191D??

S!in" Eye an# $esiratory Irritations:

S3*0N4 6**63)N3 30 SI6N G 36SS1.

;Sa, N.6. and *.. Le$is, Sr. Ceds.. Ha$leyEs (ondensed (he!ical Dictionary. ++th ed.

Ne$ 5ork: 8an Nostrand *einhold (o., +-=@. +&->??711* *186191D??

Dru% &arnin%s:

813: 31(HN6()L 4*)D1 SODIUM PHENOLATE S0L360NS H)D

D6S6N21(3)N3 7*071*361S )4)6NS3 2003)NDM03HD6S1)S1 86*SH09181*, ??711*

*186191D??

Me#ical Sur'eillance:

... 3here is so!e su""esti#e e#idence that a biolo"ic !onitorin" !ethod !ay be useful

for detectin" an ecessi#e internal dose on an indi#idual ... and/or on a "roup basis /forphenol/. 3entati#e !a #alue in urine %& !"/" creatinine, per!issible #alue && !"/"

creatinine. /2ro! table/

;Doull, ., (.D.Ilassen, and M.D. )!dur Ceds.. (asarett and DoullEs 3oicolo"y. rd ed.,

Ne$ 5ork: Mac!illan (o., 6nc., +-=. -+>??711* *186191D??


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7hysical ea!inations of eposed personnel annually, includin" studies of li#er and

kidney function. /7rotect/ those indi#iduals $ith diseases of central ner#ous syste!, li#er,kidney, and lun". /7henol/

;6366. 3oic and Hazarous 6ndustrial (he!icals Safety Manual. 3okyo, apan: 3he

6nternational 3echnical 6nfor!ation 6nstitute, +-=%. '&>??711* *186191D??

Poulations at Secial $is!:

3hose affected $ith hepatic or kidney diseases should not be eposed to phenol for any

len"th of ti!e, because e#en inter!ittent eposure to #apors ... !ay beco!e dan"erous,

particularly $hen ... handled at ele#ated te!p. /7henol/;(layton, 4. D. and 2. 1. (layton Ceds.. 7attyEs 6ndustrial Hy"iene and 3oicolo"y:

8olu!e %), %B, %(: 3oicolo"y. rd ed. Ne$ 5ork: ohn 9iley Sons, +-=++-=%.

%??711* *186191D??

Minimum (atal Dose Le'el:

6n"estion of as little as '.= " of pure phenol caused death in +& !in. /7henol/

;N60SH (riteria Docu!ent: 7henol p.< C+-@ DH19 7ub N60SH @+->??711**186191D??

Emer%ency Me#ical Treatment:

EMT )oyri%ht Disclaimer:

7ortions of the 706S6ND1KC* and M1D631K3C* database ha#e been pro#ided herefor "eneral reference. 3H1 (0M7L131 706S6ND1KC* D)3)B)S1 0*

M1D631K3C* D)3)B)S1 SH0LD B1 (0NSL31D 20* )SS6S3)N(1 6N 3H1

D6)4N0S6S 0* 3*1)3M1N3 02 S71(626( ()S1S. 3he use of the 706S6ND1KC*and M1D631K3C* databases is at your sole risk. 3he 706S6ND1KC* and

M1D631K3C* databases are pro#ided )S 6S and as a#ailable for use, $ithout

$arranties of any kind, either epressed or i!plied. Micro!ede !akes no representation

or $arranty as to the accuracy, reliability, ti!eliness, usefulness or co!pleteness of anyof the infor!ation contained in the 706S6ND1KC* and M1D631K3C* databases. )LL

6M7L61D 9)**)N361S 02 M1*(H)N3)B6L635 )ND 263N1SS 20* )

7)*36(L)* 7*70S1 0* S1 )*1 H1*1B5 1K(LD1D. Micro!ede does notassu!e any responsibility or risk for your use of the 706S6ND1KC* or M1D631K3C*

databases. (opyri"ht +-@'%&&' 3ho!son M6(*0M1D1K. )ll *i"hts *eser#ed. )ny

duplication, replication, do$nloadin", sale, redistribution or other use for co!!ercialpurposes is a #iolation of Micro!edeE ri"hts and is strictly prohibited.

3he follo$in" 0#er#ie$, ??? 7H1N0L )ND *1L)31D )41N3S ???, is rele#ant for

this HSDB record che!ical.


5/28

Life Suort:

o 3his o#er#ie$ assu!es that basic life support !easures ha#e been instituted.

)linical Effects:

&.%.+ SMM)*5 02 1K70S*1

&.%.+.+ )(31 1K70S*1

) (oncentrated phenol is etre!ely corrosi#e and !ay cause oral, esopha"eal, and "astric burns follo$in"

in"estion. 0cular or der!al contact !ay result in

se#ere burns skin absorption can cause syste!ic, e#en

lethal sy!pto!s. 7arenterally ad!inistered phenol caused respiratory distress, cardio#ascular collapse,

shock, #entricular tachycardia, and co!a in one adult.

B Syste!ic !anifestations of toicity !ay include nausea,

#o!itin", diarrhea, dyspnea, !ethe!o"lobine!ia, he!olytic ane!ia, pallor, profuse s$eatin",

hypotension, dysrhyth!ias, pul!onary ede!a, tachypnea, a"itation, lethar"y, seizures, and co!a. Li#er, lun",

central ner#ous syste! and renal inOury !ay also occur.

( 7henol Ccarbolic acid toicity occurs !ost freAuently follo$in" acute in"estion or chronic der!al

application ho$e#er, syste!ic toicity can also result

fro! inhalation of #apor. 6n"estion of as little as +

"ra! !ay cause death. D Si"ns and sy!pto!s of chronic inhalation eposure !ay

include headache, cou"h, $eakness, fati"ue, anoreia,

nausea, #o!itin", inso!nia, ner#ousness, $ei"ht loss, paresthesia, ochronosis, and albu!inuria.

&.%.+.% (H*0N6( 1K70S*1

) (hronic eposures ha#e been reported to cause death fro! li#er and kidney inOuries. 6t !ay also affect the

pancreas and heart !uscle.

B 0ther si"ns and sy!pto!s of chronic eposures include:

headache, #erti"o, faintin", cou"h, fati"ue, !uscle aches and pain, lack of appetite, difficulty

s$allo$in", ecess sali#ation, diarrhea, nausea,

#o!itin", inso!nia, ner#ousness, $ei"ht loss, pallor, partial paralysis, ochronosis, albu!inuria, and dark

urine.

( 7henol is not considered a serious respiratory hazard in the $orkplace because of its lo$ #olatility.

D Skin the pri!ary route of entry Cfor #apor, liAuid, and

solid for!s of phenol. Skin absorption can occur e#en

at lo$ #apor concentration and $ithout si"nificant


6/28

disco!fort. 7rolon"ed contact $ith the skin !ay cause

der!atitis.

&.%. 863)L S64NS &.%..+ )(31 1K70S*1

) Hypotension, hypother!ia, tachypnea, and tachycardia

!ay de#elop $ith se#ere toicity. &.%.' H11N3

&.%.'.+ )(31 1K70S*1

) Direct contact irritates eyes, nose and throat. 6n"estion of a solution "reater than < percent !ay

result in oral burns. 3he affected area "enerally turns

$hite and is $ithout pain but !ay beco!e necrotic

se#eral days later. 1ye eposure !ay result in se#ere burns. 7artial or co!plete loss of #ision !ay occur.

&.%.< ()*D608)S(L)*

&.%.


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&.%.-.+ )(31 1K70S*1

) 1posure !ay result in hepatic inOury, $hich !ay result

in death. &.%.-.% (H*0N6( 1K70S*1

) (hronic eposures ha#e been reported to cause death

fro! li#er da!a"e. &.%.+& 41N630*6N)*5

&.%.+&.+ )(31 1K70S*1

) *enal toicity associated $ith oli"uria or anuria !ay occur. 1posure has resulted in acute tubular necrosis.

&.%.++ )(6DB)S1

&.%.++.+ )(31 1K70S*1

) Metabolic acidosis !ay occur follo$in" in"estion. &.%.+ H1M)30L046(

&.%.+.+ )(31 1K70S*1

) Methe!o"lobine!ia !ay occur follo$in" eposure to so!e

phenols, !ost notably dinitrophenol or hydroAuinone. Deep #enous thro!bosis has been reported follo$in"

inOection of phenol. Decreased red blood cell counts and ane!ia ha#e been reported in !ice.

&.%.+' D1*M)30L046(

&.%.+'.+ )(31 1K70S*1 ) 7henol is corrosi#e to the skin, but because of

anesthetic Aualities, it $ill nu!b rather than causin"

a burnin" pain on contact. Skin beco!es red and

s$ollen, then $hite and opaAue. Deep burns result that !ay beco!e "an"renous.

B 7oisonin" is usually throu"h skin absorption lethal

Auantities can be absorbed. ( Der!al contact $ith phenolic co!pounds !ay result in

irritation, der!atitis, abnor!al pi"!entation, and

burns. Der!atitis and depi"!entation appear to be the !ost co!!on ad#erse effects. Diaphoresis !ay de#elop

$ith syste!ic toicity.

&.%.+'.% (H*0N6( 1K70S*1

) Der!atitis and leukoder!a resultin" fro! $orkplace contact $ith phenol or phenol containin" products has

been reported.

&.%.+< MS(L0SI1L13)L &.%.+


8/28

sho$n to be "oitro"enic and to ha#e antithyroid

acti#ity.

&.%.+- 6MMN0L046( &.%.+-.+ )(31 1K70S*1

) 7henol has been sho$n to be potentially i!!unotoic in

eperi!ental ani!al studies. &.%.%& *17*0D(3681 H))*DS

) 2etotoicity and skeletal abnor!alities ha#e been

reported in ani!al eperi!ents. &.%.%+ ()*(6N041N6(635

&.%.%+.+ 6)*( ()3140*5

) 6)*( (arcino"enicity *atin"s for ()S+&=-


9/28

syndro!e.

La*oratory:

) 0btain (B(, electrolytes, urinalysis, and baseline renal

and li#er !easure!ents. Monitor acidbase balance

closely.Treatment O'er'ie+:

&.'.% 0*)L 1K70S*1 ) D6L360N May enhance absorption of phenol, and should

be a#oided.

B 1M1S6S: 6pecacinduced e!esis is not reco!!ended because

of the potential for (NS depression and seizures. ( )(368)31D (H)*(0)L May li!it syste!ic toicity if

ad!inistered soon after in"estion, but !ay interfere

$ith endoscopic e#aluation of "astrointestinal burns.

D )(368)31D (H)*(0)L: )d!inister charcoal as a slurry C%'& !L $ater/& " charcoal. sual dose: %< to +&& " in

adults/adolescents, %< to


10/28

oy"en. 1#aluate for hypoia, acidosis, and electrolyte

disorders. Lidocaine and a!iodarone are "enerally first

line a"ents for stable !ono!orphic #entricular tachycardia, particularly in patients $ith underlyin"

i!paired cardiac function. Sotalol is an alternati#e.

)!iodarone and sotalol should be used $ith caution if a substance that prolon"s the J3 inter#al and/or causes

torsades de pointes is in#ol#ed in the o#erdose.

nstable rhyth!s reAuire cardio#ersion. 6 M13H1M04L0B6N1M6): )d!inister + to % !"/k" of +F

!ethylene blue slo$ly 68 in sy!pto!atic patients.

)dditional doses !ay be reAuired.

H57031NS60N: 6nfuse +& to %& !L/k" isotonic fluid. 6f hypotension persists, ad!inister dopa!ine C< to %&

!c"/k"/!in or norepinephrine C)DL3: be"in infusion at

&.< to + !c"/!in (H6LD: be"in infusion at &.+

!c"/k"/!in titrate to desired response. &.'. 6NH)L)360N 1K70S*1

) 6NH)L)360N: Mo#e patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. 6f cou"h or difficulty breathin"

de#elops, e#aluate for respiratory tract irritation,

bronchitis, or pneu!onitis. )d!inister oy"en and assist #entilation as reAuired. 3reat bronchospas! $ith inhaled

beta% a"onist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.

B )(31 LN4 6N*5: Maintain #entilation and oy"enation

and e#aluate $ith freAuent arterial blood "as or pulse oi!etry !onitorin". 1arly use of 7117 and !echanical

#entilation !ay be needed.

&.'.' 151 1K70S*1 ) D1(0N3)M6N)360N: 6rri"ate eposed eyes $ith copious

a!ounts of roo! te!perature $ater for at least +??711**186191D??

En'ironmental (ate / Exosure:

En'ironmental Stan#ar#s / $e%ulations:

(DA $e1uirements:

Bottled $ater shall, $hen a co!posite of analytical units of eAual #olu!e fro! a sa!ple

is ea!ined by the !ethods described in para"raph CdC+Cii of this section, !eet the


17/28

standards of che!ical Auality and shall not contain phenol in ecess of &.&&+ !"/l.

/7henol/

;%+ (2* +&.< C'/+/=>??711* *186191D??

7henol is an indirect food additi#e for use only as a co!ponent of adhesi#es. /7henol/

;%+ (2* +@


18/28

;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +%->??711*

*186191D??

Solu*ilities:

81*5 S0L 6N 9)31* S0L 6N )L(0H0L

;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +%->??711*

*186191D??

S0L 6N )(130N1

;9east, *.(. Ced. Handbook of (he!istry and 7hysics, =th ed. Boca *aton, 2lorida:

(*( 7ress 6nc., +-=@+-==.,p. B+%>??711* *186191D??

Other )hemical.Physical Proerties:

D1L6J1S(1N3

;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +%->??711**186191D??

)hemical Safety / Han#lin%:

DOT Emer%ency 2ui#elines:

Health: 30K6( inhalation, in"estion, or skin contact $ith !aterial !ay cause se#ere

inOury or death. (ontact $ith !olten substance !ay cause se#ere burns to skin and eyes.)#oid any skin contact. 1ffects of contact or inhalation !ay be delayed. 2ire !ay

produce irritatin", corrosi#e and/or toic "ases. *unoff fro! fire control or dilution $ater

!ay be corrosi#e and/or toic and cause pollution. /So#ium henolate" solid/;.S. Depart!ent of 3ransportation. %&&& 1!er"ency *esponse 4uidebook. *S7) 7


19/28

7ublic safety: ()LL 1!er"ency *esponse 3elephone Nu!ber. ... 6solate spill or leak

area i!!ediately for at least %< to


20/28

2irst aid: Mo#e #icti! to fresh air. (all -++ or e!er"ency !edical ser#ice. )pply

artificial respiration if #icti! is not breathin". Do not use !outhto!outh !ethod if

#icti! in"ested or inhaled the substance induce artificial respiration $ith the aid of apocket !ask eAuipped $ith a one$ay #al#e or other proper respiratory !edical de#ice.

)d!inister oy"en if breathin" is difficult. *e!o#e and isolate conta!inated clothin"

and shoes. 6n case of contact $ith substance, i!!ediately flush skin or eyes $ith runnin"$ater for at least %& !inutes. 2or !inor skin contact, a#oid spreadin" !aterial on

unaffected skin. Ieep #icti! $ar! and Auiet. 1ffects of eposure Cinhalation, in"estion

or skin contact to substance !ay be delayed. 1nsure that !edical personnel are a$are ofthe !aterialCs in#ol#ed, and take precautions to protect the!sel#es. /So#ium henolate"solid/

;.S. Depart!ent of 3ransportation. %&&& 1!er"ency *esponse 4uidebook. *S7) 7


21/28


22/28

)leanu Metho#s:

(ontrol runoff and idolate dischar"ed !aterial for proper disposal. )pproach release fro!

up$ind. /7henol/

;2ire 7rotection 4uide to Hazardous Materials. +% ed. Juincy, M): National 2ire7rotection )ssociation, +--@. ,p. '-+&>??J( *186191D??

Disosal Metho#s:

S*7: )t the ti!e of re#ie$, criteria for land treat!ent or burial Csanitary landfill disposal

practices are subOect to si"nificant re#ision. 7rior to i!ple!entin" land disposal of $asteresidue Cincludin" $aste slud"e, consult $ith en#iron!ental re"ulatory a"encies for

"uidance on acceptable disposal practices.

??711* *186191D??

) "ood candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a te!perature ran"e of =%& to +,&& de"

( and residence ti!es of seconds for liAuids and "ases, and hours for solids. ) "oodcandidate for fluidized bed incineration at a te!perature ran"e of '


23/28

;S*6. +-=- Directory of (he!ical 7roducers nited States of )!erica. Menlo 7ark, ():

S*6 6nternational, +-=-.. -??J( *186191D??

National Steel (orporation, HA, %& Stan$i St, 7ittsbur"h, 7) +??711**186191D??

La*oratory Metho#s:

)linical La*oratory Metho#s:

/S*7: 7henolates on acid hydrolysis $ill produce free phenol, $hich can then be

etracted and Auantitated by standard !ethods for that c!pd./ )nalyte: 7henol Matri:urine 7rocedure: 4as chro!ato"raphy, fla!e ionization detector 3reat!ent: acid

hydrolysis, etraction *an"e: %&& u" phenol/!l urine, %


24/28

-'F R +< u" phenol/!l urine, -


25/28

solid $aste !atrices, soils, and "round $ater. 3he practical Auantitation li!it for

deter!inin" an indi#idual co!pound is approi!ately + !"/k" C$et $ei"ht for

soil/sedi!ent sa!ples, +%&& !"/k" for $astes, and +& u"/l for "round $ater. 3his!ethod is applicable to Auantify !ost neutral, acidic, and basic or"anic co!pounds that

are soluble in !ethylene chloride, includin" the title co!pound, and are capable of bein"

eluted $ithout deri#atization as sharp peaks fro! a "as chro!ato"raphicfused silicacapillary colu!n coated $ith a sli"htly polar silicone C&! by &.%??711* *186191D??


26/28

Samlin% Proce#ures:

17) Method =&'&: 7henols. 2or the detection of phenolic co!pounds, a representati#e

sa!ple Csolid or liAuid is collected in a "lass container eAuipped $ith a 3eflonlined cap.(are is taken to a#oid sa!ple contact $ith any plastic. ...

;S17) 3est Methods for 1#aluatin" Solid 9aste S9=' C+-=>??711*

*186191D??

Secial $eferences:

Secial $eorts:

N60SH (riteria Docu!ent: 7henol p.< C+-@ DH19 7ub N60SH @+-

S17) )!bient 9ater Juality (riteria Doc: 7henol p.(++- C+-=& 17) ''&/


27/28

Shiin% Name. Num*er DOT.UN.NA.IMO:

N %'-@ So#ium henolate" solid

6M0 =. So#ium henolate" solid

A#ministrati'e Information:

Ha3ar#ous Su*stances Data*an! Num*er:


28/28

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some chemistry concepts