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Solvay/ Torlon Thrust Bearing Discussion Torlon Versus Vespel8-7-2018Brian Stern
Agenda
Torlon Commercial Applications Thrust Bearing Requirements Torlon Property Discussion Torlon Friction and Wear Testing
Dry and Lubricated
Torlon versus Vespel Application Requirements
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers2
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers3
Commercial Torlon Applications – Transportation
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers4
Requirements Wear resistance in lubricated and
non-lubricated environments
Impact and compressive strength
Dimensional stability
Non-seizing vs. metal
Grades 4645, 4301, 4275, 4203, KT-
820SL30, KT880FW30
Competitive Materials Axial Needle Bearing
PEEK, Vespel
DU - Metal/polymer (PTFE)
Axial Thrust Bearings
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers5
Commercial Thrust Bearing Applications
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers6
Needle Bearing Replacement – Axial Thrust Bearing
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers7
Planetary Gear Set
Planetary Gear System Spur Gear – no Axial thrust Helical Gear – Axial thrust
http://science.howstuffworks.com/gear7.htm
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers8
FRICTION AND WEAR – DEFINE REQUIREMENTS
What is the application (seal ring, thrust washer, thrust bearing, Journal bearing)?
What are the temperature requirements? What is the chemical environment? What is the counter surface Is the application lubricated or Dry? What pressure (psi) and velocity (FT/min)? Is COF important (Static or Dynamic)? How is lubrication provided and what is the viscosity? What is the incumbent material/product?
Recommended Polymer?
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers9
Polyamide-imide IntroductionTorlon® PAI Resins Exceptional strength and stiffness up to 275°C
Outstanding wear resistance
Excellent chemical resistance to automotive fluids
Inherent flame resistance
Low CLTE
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers10
Torlon Mechanical Performance at High Temperatures
Amorphous BehaviorSemi-Crystalline Behavior
PEI TPI PAI
PEEK
Torlon® retains exceptional mechanical properties up to its Glass Transition Temp (276°C)
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers11
Mechanical Properties of Torlon versus PEEK
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers12
Torlon FW GradesGrade Description Formulation
4203L NOT Recommended for FW but maybe used in some lubricated apps
NO FILLER
4301 Exceptional Wear Dry…high P and Mod VVery good Wear Lubricated
Graphite/PTFE
4275 Exceptional Wear Dry Graphite/PTFE
4630 Exceptional Wear Dry….high V low P
Graphite/PTFE
4435 Exceptional Wear Dry….high V low P
Proprietary
4645 Exceptional Wear Lubricated…concern about Counter Surface
CF/PTFE
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers13
Wea
r Rat
e
P V
• D3702 Standard test specimen geometry or small thrustwasher – nominal diameter of 1.12”
• D3702 Standard counterface condition – 1018 steel with consistent surface roughness
Wear Rate = in/hr
K = “Wear Factor”
K = Wear Rate (in/hr)P*V
PV Limit
Friction and Wear Refresher – ASTM D3702 Standard
Drawback with small thrustwasher:
• Maximum velocity is 2000 ft/min
• Needle bearing application calls for velocity of over 3000 ft/min
• Need larger thrustwasher configuration – 2” nominal diameter
Increase diameter of specimen for higher velocities
2πr = circumference
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers14
Results:Temperature, COF and Wear Rate
Determine PV limitLubricated and Dry Testing Capability
FALEX MULTI SPECIMEN TESTER
1018 mild cold rolled steel Ra 14-18 micro-inches
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers15
Mechanical Properties of Torlon FW Grades
Tensile strength, Ksi 16.4 16.9 11.8
Tensile modulus, Msi 1.0 1.3 1.1
Tensile elongation, % 3.3 2.6 1.9
Flex strength, Ksi 31.2 30.2 19.0
Flex modulus, Msi 1.0 1.1 1.0
Compressive strength, Ksi 24.1 17.8 14.4
Shear strength, Ksi 16.1 11.1 Not available
Izod Impact, Notched, ft-lb/in 1.2 1.6 0.9
Izod Impact, Unnotched, ft-lb/in 8 5 3
CLTE, ppm/oC 25 25 16
Thermal conductivity, W/m-K 0.54 0.65 0.6
properties 4301 4275 4630
Graphite/PTFE Additives influence Mechanical Properties
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers16
Wear Factors for Torlon Grades in Dry Environments – 40 Hr Testing
4301 4275 4630 WF COF Torque Temp WF COF Torque Temp WF COF Torque Temp
P (psi) V
(fpm) PV (psi-
fpm) x10-10in3min/ft-
lb-hr lb-in oC x10-10in3min/ft-
lb-hr lb-in oC x10-10in3min/ft-
lb-hr lb-in oC 500 50 25000 14.0 0.31 16.0 92.7 13.0 0.31 16.2 91.9 6.0 0.32 16.9 89.6 1000 50 50000 16.5 0.27 29.1 129.0 16.0 0.27 28.8 126.4 18.0 0.29 30.9 132.3 1500 50 75000 15.0 0.24 38.1 136.7 17.3 0.24 37.8 150.8 14.2 0.20 31.9 130.2 2000 50 100000 27.5 0.19 40.6 146.6 22.4 0.18 37.8 144.3 15.3 0.13 28.5 112.0 2500 50 125000 33.2 0.15 41.2 156.6 16.8 0.14 37.0 140.1 12.2 0.11 30.0 114.2 3000 50 150000 15.2 0.12 37.9 155.4 11.2 0.10 31.2 119.9 3500 50 175000
125 200 25000 19.0 0.35 4.7 73.0 250 200 50000 15.5 0.35 9.3 108.7 17.0 0.31 8.4 104.0 15.0 0.32 8.5 103.4 375 200 75000 94.8 0.25 9.9 143.2 29.0 0.24 9.5 142.5 22.0 0.19 7.5 111.9 500 200 100000 55.3 0.18 9.8 148.7 22.2 0.17 8.8 107.8 625 200 125000 49.8 0.18 11.9 149.2 18.3 0.14 9.4 128.9 750 200 150000 277.0 0.14 11.4 183.7 18.0 0.12 9.5 118.3 875 200 175000 9.6 0.10 9.5 129.3
31.25 800 25000 17.0 0.39 1.3 89.2 17.5 0.29 1.0 80.4 13.5 0.32 1.1 89.5 62.5 800 50000 38.5 0.28 1.9 102.0 20.0 0.34 2.3 101.0 23.5 0.24 1.6 92.5 93.75 800 75000 36.3 0.21 2.1 114.3 37.3 0.21 2.1 105.6 18.7 0.22 2.2 101.7 125 800 100000 75.0 0.24 3.2 155.1 99.2 0.16 2.2 119.0 24.0 0.16 2.2 117.2
162.5 800 130000 119 0.22 3.7 179.0 75.2 0.21 3.6 166.9 34.0 0.14 2.4 124.5
Define Acceptable Level of Wear (microns??) Typically WF << 100
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers17
Axial Thrust/Needle Bearing Requirements
Drag Torque Coefficient versus Metal High temperature capability (>160C) Knit Line Strength Stack up tolerance (thickness) Chemical resistance Dimensional stability Flatness (“Wear-in”) Compression strength (thrust washers and
bushings) Noise, Vibration, Harshness reduction
(NVH) Weight reduction Cost
What are the F&W properties of Torlon at moderate load/high speed in a lubricated environment and how do we get there?
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers18
NSK – CVT Transmission from Shanghai Auto Show
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers19
Lubricated Wear
BoundaryLubrication
Mixed FilmLubrication
Fluid FilmLubrication
ZNP
Z = ViscosityN = Rotational SpeedP = Load
Start / Stop, Low / Medium RPMReciprocating Motion
High Load / Starved LubricationHigh RPM / Low Load Motion
Wea
r Rat
e
10-310-6 10-5 10-4 10-2
PassPax
PaxssPa
psirpmcP
PZN )/1(*1042.2
100089.6)/1)(60/1(*10 9
3
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers20
FALEX MULTI SPECIMEN TESTER WITH FORCED OIL RECIRCULATION FOR LUBRICATED TESTING
Large baffled chamber designed for forced oil recirculation with less foaming
Delivers fresh oil at adjustable flow rate across test surface Cools specimen by dissipating heat generated at test surface
Heater/Chiller
Gear Pump and Oil Reservoir
Multi-Specimen Tester with Large Baffled Chamber
Data Acquisition System
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers21
Oil Flow for Recirculation System and Oil Groove Design
Oil Flows into Stationary Counter Surface HolderOil Flows into ID of Steel or Counter Surface Washer
Oil Flows Out from ID to OD of Test Specimen Through the Oil GroovesCentrifugal Force Distributes Oil for LiftDesign for Cooling or Lift or Lubrication
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers22
4275 Lubricated FW @ 500K PV
Virgin Torlon 4275, 2"Disc, 26 Grooves, 300 Micron Deep x 1 mm Wide in Dexron 3 ATF at 0.20 lpm, 90°C, 1770 V, 283 P, 500 K PV
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Time, hrs
Tem
pera
ture
, °C
Chamber Temp, C
Spec Temp, C
wear = 3.4 microns wear = 3.7 microns9.3 microns 2.5 microns
Sample after 100 hours
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers23
4275 FW in Lubricated Environment (V vs P)
Wear After 100 Hours
182
105
45.768.9
18.9
146 225
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Pressure, psi
Velo
city
, ft/m
in
Wear After 100 Hours
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Pressure, psi
Velo
city
, ft/m
in
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers24
Commercial Thrust Bearing Applications
Torsional DMA of Various SAPL Products
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
30 51 71 91 111 131 151 171 191 211 231 251 271 291 311 331
Temperature (°C)
G' (
GPa
)
4301Vespel SP 21
Product Line (All) Additive Package (All)
DMA G' (GPa) vs. Temperature (C)
Temp (graph)
Products
To our actual knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate as of the date of this document. However, neither Solvay Advanced Polymers, LLC nor any of its affiliates makes any warranty, express or implied, including merchantability or fitness for use, or accepts any liability in connection with this information or its use. Only products designated as part o f the Solviva® family o f biomaterials may be considered as candidates for implantable medical devices; Solvay Advanced Polymers does not allow or support the use of any other products in any implant applications. This information is for use by technically skilled persons at their own discretion and risk and does not relate to the use of this product in combination with any other substance or any other process. This is not a license under any patent or o ther proprietary right. The use of this product resides on the determination of the customer not Solvay Advanced Polymers. The customer must determine suitability of any information or material for any contemplated use, the manner o f use and whether any patents are infringed. This information gives typical properties only and is not to be used for specification purposes. Solvay Advanced Polymers reserves the right to make additions deletions or modifications to the information at any time without prior notification
Polymer Torlon Vespel
Chemical Structure
PAI PI
Tg/HDT (C) 275 >330
Mechanicals High Moderate
Processing Injection & Extrusion Curing
Compaction Sintering
Shapes Complex via Molding
Near Net + machining
Mechanical Property Comparison Torlon vs Vespel
Property Torlon 4275 Vespel SP-21
Tensile Strength (kpsi)(D1708)
19.0 9.5
Tensile Elongation (%)(D1708)
7 4.5
Flex Strength (kpsi)(D790)
30.2 16
Compressive Strength (Kpsi)
17.8 19.3
FW (dry and lubricated, P and V)
Equivalent at PV defined (high V, modP)
Equivalent at PV defined (high V, modP)
CLTE 14 27
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers28
© 2011 Solvay Specialty Polymers29
FRICTION AND WEAR – DEFINE REQUIREMENTS
What is the application (seal ring, thrust washer, thrust bearing, Journal bearing)?
What are the temperature requirements? What is the chemical environment? What is the counter surface Is the application lubricated or Dry? What pressure (psi) and velocity (FT/min)? Is COF important (Static or Dynamic)? How is lubrication provided and what is the viscosity? What is the incumbent material/product?
Recommended Polymer?