SOLUTIONSTerms to know:

1)Solution 8) Saturated2)Insoluble 9) Unsaturated3)Soluble 10)Supersaturated4)Solvent 11)Solvation5)Solute 12)Desolvation6)Miscible 13)Crystallization7)Immiscible 14)Hydration

A MOLECULAR VIEW OF THE SOLUTION PROCESS

• The ease with which a solute particle replaces a solvent molecule depends on the relative strengths of 3 types of interactions:

1)solvent-solvent interaction2)solute-solute interaction3)solvent-solute interaction

ATTRACTION AND ΔH

• If the solute-solvent attraction is stronger than the solvent-solvent attraction and the solute-solute attraction, the solution process is favorable, or exothermic (ΔHsoln

< 0)

• If the solute-solvent interaction is weaker than the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then the solution process is endothermic (ΔHsoln > 0)

THE SOLUTION PROCESS1) Energy (exothermic/endothermic)2) An inherent tendency toward

disorder in all natural events Solubility – a measure of how much

solute will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature

“Like dissolves like” – two substances with intermolecular forces of similar type and magnitude are likely to be soluble in each other (examples)

CONCENTRATION UNITS1) Percent by mass: (no units)% = mass of solute/mass of soln x 100%2)Mole fraction: (no units)XA = moles of A/sum of moles

3)Molarity: (mol/L)M = moles of solute/ liters of soln4)Molality: (m)m = moles of solute/mass of solvent (kg)