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CONCLUSIONS
Onshore strategies for valorising discarded Southwest Atlantic butterfish (Stromateus brasiliensis)
Graciela Ramilo-Fernández, Marta Pérez-Testa, Helena Pazó, Ricardo I. Pérez-Martín and Carmen G. Sotelo*
Food Biochemistry Group, Marine Research Institute (IIM) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
AKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work was supported by ARVI (Cooperativa de Armadores de Pesca del Puerto de Vigo) in the frame of the study “Valorización de especies no comerciales de la flota de buques congeladores (OPPC-3)”. The authors want to thank WALVISfish for providing the fish, and PROQUIPSA for testing the skin leather production.
Southwest Atlantic butterfish (Stromateus brasiliensis) is a demersal-pelagic fish which is abundant in some
areas of FAO 41, where many trawlers operate targeting different species such as the Argentinian squid
(Illex argentines) or hake (Merluccius hubbssi). This butterfish species is caught and discarded by these
fleet with discard rates of 90 % or higher (IEO 2010-2014).
There is not a consensus about whether Butterfishes of the genus Stromateus can be safely consumed by
humans since it has been described that problems related with the type of fat, present in these fish, may
produce some mild gastrointestinal issues. A sustainable use of resources as it is established in the
European Common Fishery Policy suggests to find alternative uses for discarded fish. Proteins are one of
the main components of organisms such as fish and, therefore, one valorisation strategy could be to obtain
protein products from the main sources of proteins of discarded fish, such as skin and muscles.
Lyophilized collagen
Collagen were extracted in three stages: (F1) with 0,5 N acetic acid (1:10 w/v) 24 h; (F2) with 0,1 % pepsin in 0.5
N acetic acid (1:10 w/v) 24 h; (F3) with 0,5 N acetic acid (1:10 w/v) 24 h, with a previous treatment with EDTA.
Lyophilized collagen were separated in 7% acrylamide-0,24 % bis-acrylamide gels and subjected to electrophoresis
at a constant current of 15 mA. Gels were stained with 0.04% Coomassie Blue in 25% v/v ethanol and 8% v/v
acetic acid for 30 min at 60°C.
PRODUCTION OF COLLAGEN
PRODUCTION OF FISH PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES
7,82
10,38
55,48
16,02
5,69
Yield (%)
Head
Viscera
Muscle
Skin
Bones
Characterization of the resource
Hydrolysis reaction: 15 g of muscle + 75 ml of water (1:5 w/v)
pH=8 (addition of 1 M NaOH)
Temperature: 55 °C
Enzyme: 150 µl of Alcalase (1% v/w of muscle)
Time: 4 h (under constant stirring)
Stop the reaction: 90 °C for 5 min
Centrifugation: 10000 x g for 10 min at 10 °C
The supernatants were filtrated and lyophilized
FISH SKIN LEATHER PRODUCTION
The production of leather from Stromateus
brasiliensis skins was not suitable because due to
the slim dermis, the separation of the adhering
flesh was difficult and some holes were produced,
also during the tanning process.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 50 100 150 200 250
De
gre
e h
yd
roly
sis
(%
)
Hydrolysis time (min)
Yield: 50 %
Lipid Protein Ash
16,08 % 16,58 % 1,37 %
Proximal composition of S.brasiliensis muscle (wet basis)
Headed and gutted fish
Bones and skins
Mince
Solutions in land
Amino acid ‰
Aspartic acid 107
Threonine 55
Serine 58
Glutamic acid 144
Hidroxyproline 3
Proline 42
Glycine 84
Alanine 93
Cysteine 6
Valine 47
Methionine 31
Isoleucine 38
Leucine 83
Tyrosine 27
Phenylalanine 32
Hidroxylysine 2
Histidine 19
Lysine 81
Arginine 44
Figure 1. SDS-PAGE pattern from three Stromateus brasiliensis
individuals (SBRA 1, SBRA 2 and SBRA 3). F1, F2, and F3 are the
collagen fractions extracted.
Waste
Value added products
for textile industries
• Stromateus brasiliensis has a high muscle and skin-bones yields. Mechanical separation of muscle and frames
in this species is possible. Muscle hydrolysis and collagen extraction can be considered an optimum combined
strategy to efficiently upgrading this biomass. Protein hydrolysates and Type I collagen have several industrial
applications.
Glycine, alanine and prolinewere the most abundantamino acids in SBRA collagen
Yield (%)
Samples Dry weight basis Wet weight basis
Fraction 1 5,0 ± 0,83 2,3 ± 0,39
Fraction 2 4,3 ± 0,61 2,0 ± 0,29
Fraction 3 0,4 ± 0,19 0,2 ± 0,09
Combined yield 9,7 ± 0,1 4,5 ± 0,2
Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine were themost abundant amino acids in the hydrolysates
• Conversion of waste (fish skin) into value added products for textile industries is an option that should be
tested in other species because it would contribute to the protection of the environment from pollution.
Bellido, J. M, et al . Hydrobiologia 2011, 670 (1), 317–333.); Lopes, C., et al. Waste Manag. 2015, 46, 103–112.; Sotelo, C. G.,, et al. J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol. 2016, 25 (3), 388–399. ; Wang, S., et al. Food Science and Technology (Campinas), (AHEAD), 0-0.; Li, Z. R., et al FoodHydrocoll. 2013, 31 (1), 103–113; Blanco, M., et al. J. Food Biochem. 2015, 39 (4), 368–376.; Chalamaiah, M., et al. Food Chem. 2012, 135 (4), 3020–3038; Huang, Y. R., et al. Food Hydrocoll. 2011, 25 (6), 1507–1513; Duraisamy, R. International Journal of Engineering Trends andTechnology (IJETT), V39(1),10-20, 2016.
REFERENCES
Table 1. Yields (%) of the three collagen fractions from skin and
bones. The results are the mean of three replicates ± standard
deviation.
Table 2. Amino acid profile of S.brasiliensis
hydrolysates (residues/1000 residues). The results
are the mean of three replicates.
Figure 2. Degree hydrolysis curve for Stromateus brasiliensis with Alcalase.
Values are the mean of three replicates analysis. Error bars represent
standard deviation.
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