Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor UsesAedes Control to Protect from

Zika Virus Disease –

The Toolbox

Today and Tomorrow

Karl Malamud-Roam

4/18/16

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

The IR-4 Project

• A federal / state collaboration (est. 1963)

• Publicly funded (USDA, land-grant

universities, etc.)

• HQ in Rutgers U.

• 125 FTE’s; $20+ million/yr.

• Goal: Support pest management product

registration in small markets

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

IR-4 Mission Statement

To facilitate regulatory approval of

sustainable pest management

technology for specialty crops and

specialty uses to promote public

wellbeing.

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Defining the Problem(s)

Disease

Vector

Control

Germ

Vector

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Zika Virus Tomorrow?

Aedes aegypti distribution

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Arbovirus Outbreak Factors

Vulnerable

Host

Population

PathogenCompetent

Vector

ZIKA

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Protecting from Zika Virus Disease

Today 2+ Years 5+ Years?

Prevent Disease Vaccinate Cure

Action How? Who? Federal Role

Likely available in 2018

Probably well in the future

Prevent Mosquitoes

Drain Standing Water

Individuals

Families

Communities

Educate

Support Local Govt.

Avoid & Repel

Mosquitoes

Travel with Care

Screens / AC

Repellents

Protective Clothing

Individuals

Families

Educate

Find & Kill Mosquitoes

Surveillance

Vector Control

Local Govt.

State Govt. CDC

Private Sector

Families

Support Local & State Govt. o Technical Assistance o Funding

Support Proven Tools

Support New Tools

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Bad News

• Dessication-hardy, sticky eggs

• Serial Ovipositors = Small, dispersed larval habitat

• Anthropophilic = Adult habitat generally indoors

• Anthropophagic generally

• Multiple blood meals

• Opportunistic sugar feeding

• Low threshold for disease trans.

• Good News = limited flight range

Aedes Control

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• OK, but not good enough

• Efficacy?

• Special Circumstances

• Current tools failing

• Good News!

• R&D (Gates, DWFP, USDA, IR-4)

• Many “almost ripe” interventions

Status: Aedes Control Toolbox

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Cancellations: Temephos, Resmethrin, Allethrin, Agnique

• Resistance: Pyrethroids

• Regulatory Risk, Human Health: Chlorpyrifos, OP’s generally

• Regulatory Risk, Ecotox: Endangered Species + Pollinators

• Critical Needs: At leMalathion, Naled

Challenges to Proven PHP Tools

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Established Adult Control Tools

Pyrethroids o Allethrins o Bifenthrin o Deltamethrin o d-Phenothrin = Sumithrin o Etofenprox o Resmethrin o Pyrethrins o Permethrin o Prallethrin

OP’s o Malathion o Naled = Dibrom o Chlorpyrifos

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Toolbox (Personal & Household)

Established 2016 Add 2017-18 Add 2019+ Add Personal

Protection

Avoid Mosquitoes

Repellents o Skin-applied o Clothing

Next-Gen Clothing Next-Gen Repellents

Household Hygiene: Drain Standing Water and Clear Trash

Physical Barriers o Screens / AC

Treated Bed Nets

Attract & Kill o CO2-baited Traps

Larvicides o Bti tablets, etc.

Adulticides o Spatial (Coils, etc.) o Misting Systems

ATSB = Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait (Garlic)

LOT = Lethal Ovitrap o DDVP o Fungus + IGR o Sticky Trap

Larvicides o Potable Water

Household Adulticides

Spatial Repellents o 25b

Water Absorbent Gel

Treated Curtains

ATSB (25b)

LOT

Autodissemination of IGR

Indoor Spatial Bite Protection o Pyrethroid

ATSB (Conventional Toxicant)

Next-gen LOT

Indoor Spatial Bite Protection o Non-pyrethroid

Laser?

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Toolbox (Community / Govt.)

Established 2016 Add 2017-18 Add 2019+ Add Local Govt. & Community

Hygiene: Drain Water & Clear Trash

Biological Control of Larvae (Fish, etc.)

Ground Spray o Larvicides o Adult Space

Spray o Outdoor Residual

Education, Mobilization

Ground Spray o ATSB (Garlic) o IRS (room-wide) o Indoor Surface

Sprays (focal) o Indoor Fog

LOT o DDVP o Sticky o Fungi + IGR

SIT o Wolbachia vs.

Aedes albopictus

Water Absorbants

Ground Spray o New larvicide

application methods o ATSB (25b)

LOT

SIT o Wolbachia vs.

Aedes aegypti o Irradiated o RIDL GM

Wolbachia vs. pathogen

New Pesticides

Ground Spray o ATSB (Conv.)

SIT o Chemical

Sterilants

RNAi

Other endosymbionts?

Large-Scale Aerial Spray o Adulticides o Larvicides

Aerial Spray (Next-gen equipment & formulations)

Area-wide SIT

Gene-drive GM mosquitoes

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Targeting Mosquito Life Stages

• Egg

• Larval

• Emergence

• Sugar-feeding

• Mating

• Blood-feeding

• Oviposition

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Deltamethrin aerial application

• ULV larvicides

• Indoor residual spray (whole room vs. spot)

• Indoor space sprays

• Treated curtains

New Application Methods

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Lethal Ovitraps (LOT)

• DDVP

• Sticky trap

• Fungus + IGR

• Autodissemination

• Surveillance traps

New Tools – Attract & Kill

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB)

• Now: Garlic

• 2017: Additional 25(b)

• 2018?: Conventionals (Boric Acid, etc.)

• Host-seeking traps (efficacy?)

• Improved attractants

New Tools – Attract & Kill

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Wolbachia

• Cytoplasmic incompatibility

• Ae. albopictus; Ae. aegyptus

• GM Insects

• RIDL (Oxitec)

• Radiation

• Chemosterilants

• Pheromones?

New Tools – Mating Disruption

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Wolbachia

• Infection blocking

• Transmission blocking

• GM Insects

• Disruptive genes

• + Gene Drive

• Bioethics?

• Business model?

New Tools – Pathogen Disruption

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

• Biopesticides

• IVCC (Innovative Vector Control Consortium)

• "Spatial repellents"

• New topical repellents

New Tools – New Classes

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

PHP Data Management

• Solving Problems

• Larval Control in Drinking Water

• Indoor Residual Sprays / Surface Sprays

• Organics

• Replacing Lost Products

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Aedes aegypti vs. albopictus

Pest Management

Solutions for Specialty

Crops and Minor Uses

Comparative Efficacy Testing

• Existing vs. New vs. Integrated Tools

• A Challenging Study

– End Points (Entomology vs Epidemiology)

– Confounders (Active control efforts)

– Plot Size

– Timing

– Money