SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS

REVIEW:

A solution is a ________________ mixture.

The two parts of a solution are the

______________ & ____________

The concentration of a solution is a measure of

Which of these solutions is dilute?Which is concentrated?

Dilute and concentrated are terms that are a

description of concentration.

Often, a ____________________ measure of solution is needed. There are a number of different types. We will learn about 3 of them.1) Percent by mass2) PPM3) Molarity

You have a candy cane that weighs 10 grams. You also determine that it contains 9.8 grams of sugar. What is the percent by mass of sugar in your candy cane?

The formula for percent by mass is:

What do you know about the concentration term: ppm?

What do fish breathe?

Many fish kills are caused by a lack of this.The minimum concentration most fish need is

Another important example of the use of PPM’s: Here are carbon dioxide levels in

the atmosphere since 900 A.D.

* What has caused the CO2 levels in the atmosphere to increase? * What are 2 reasons why this a VERY BIG problem!

CO2 is absorbed into the ocean, causing this reaction: CO2 + H2O H2CO3

Molarity is the most commonly used concentration unit in

chemistry.

Demonstration:I will pour 0.10 molar HCl (0.10 M HCl) on my hand…Now, I will pour 12 molar HCl (12 M HCl – i.e. concentrated HCl) on my hand…..

The point is…..Concentration matters! both in chemistry labs

and in real life.

So you must understand what it is, and how to do calculations with

concentrations

How do you calculate the amount of solute required to make a solution of

a certain concentration?

Suppose you want to make 1.0 liters of 6.0 M NaCl…