Solute vs. SolventSolute vs. Solvent

Solute: Solute:

The substance being dissolvedThe substance being dissolved

Solvent: Solvent:

a liquid, gas, or solid capable of a liquid, gas, or solid capable of dissolving another substance (Water dissolving another substance (Water is the universal solvent)is the universal solvent)

Permeable vs. ImpermeablePermeable vs. Impermeable

Permeable – substances can pass Permeable – substances can pass throughthrough

Impermeable – substances cannot Impermeable – substances cannot pass throughpass through

Semipermeable? Semipermeable?

SemipermeableSemipermeable

A membrane that allows only certain A membrane that allows only certain materials to cross it materials to cross it

Materials pass through Materials pass through porespores in the in the membranemembrane

DiffusionDiffusion

Movement of Movement of molecules from an molecules from an area of high area of high concentration to an concentration to an area of lower area of lower concentrationconcentration

Example: skunk, Example: skunk, perfume, night after perfume, night after a dinner at taco a dinner at taco bell!bell!

DEMO (Air Freshener)DEMO (Air Freshener)

What molecules moved?What molecules moved? What direction did the molecules What direction did the molecules

move?move? Location of molecules in the end?Location of molecules in the end?

DEMO (Food coloring)DEMO (Food coloring)

1.1. What molecules moved?What molecules moved?

2.2. What direction did the molecules What direction did the molecules move?move?

3.3. Location of molecules in the end?Location of molecules in the end?

4.4. How did heat effect the movement of How did heat effect the movement of the molecules?the molecules?

5.5. How did cold effect the movement of How did cold effect the movement of the molecules?the molecules?

DiffusionDiffusion

Draw a diagram of an example of Draw a diagram of an example of diffusion we saw in class.diffusion we saw in class.

Draw a diagram of an example Draw a diagram of an example of diffusion we saw in class.of diffusion we saw in class.

http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.htmlbio181/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html

Factors that affect DiffusionFactors that affect Diffusion

TemperatureTemperature Size of ParticlesSize of Particles Concentration of Particles (number of Concentration of Particles (number of

molecules of a substance in a given molecules of a substance in a given volume )volume )

www.goldiesroom.org/www.goldiesroom.org/video_archive.htmvideo_archive.htm

Define osmosisDefine osmosis

The diffusion of The diffusion of waterwater across a across a selectively permeable selectively permeable membranemembrane. .

SemipermeableSemipermeable

Define osmosisDefine osmosis   

Water moves from a high Water moves from a high concentration of water concentration of water

(less salt or sugar dissolved in it) (less salt or sugar dissolved in it)

to a low concentration of water to a low concentration of water

(more salt or sugar dissolved in it). (more salt or sugar dissolved in it). 

This means that water would cross a selectively This means that water would cross a selectively permeable membrane from a dilute solution permeable membrane from a dilute solution (less dissolved in it) to a concentrated solution (less dissolved in it) to a concentrated solution (more dissolved in it).(more dissolved in it).

OsmosisOsmosis

The diffusion of The diffusion of Water!Water!

Which way is Which way is the water the water moving?moving?

Which side is Which side is higher in water higher in water concentration?concentration?

Less salt-more water

More salt- less water

A B

→

http://www.usd.edu/~bgoodman/Osmos.htm

Define osmosisDefine osmosis

Types of SolutionsTypes of Solutions

Hypertonic Solution = higher concentration of Hypertonic Solution = higher concentration of water in the cell than outside the cellwater in the cell than outside the cell

Hypotonic Solution = higher concentration of Hypotonic Solution = higher concentration of water outside the cell than inside the cellwater outside the cell than inside the cell

Isotonic Solution = equal concentrations of Isotonic Solution = equal concentrations of water inside and outside the cellwater inside and outside the cell

OsmosisOsmosis Hypotonic SolutionsHypotonic Solutions: :

contain a contain a low low concentration of soluteconcentration of solute relative to another relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). cytoplasm).

When a cell is placed in When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly swell and possibly explode. explode.

http://http://www.tvdsb.on.cawww.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin//westmin/science/sbi3a1/science/sbi3a1/cells/cells/osmosis.htmosmosis.htm

OsmosisOsmosis Hypertonic SolutionsHypertonic Solutions: :

contain a contain a high high concentration of soluteconcentration of solute relative to another relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). cytoplasm).

When a cell is placed in a When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to cell, causing the cell to shrivel. shrivel.

OsmosisOsmosis Isotonic SolutionsIsotonic Solutions: :

contain the contain the same same concentrationconcentration of solute as of solute as an another solution (e.g. an another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). the cell's cytoplasm).

When a cell is placed in an When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the water isotonic solution, the water diffuses into and out of the diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate. The cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the fluid that surrounds the body cells is isotonic. body cells is isotonic.

Osmosis In Blood CellsOsmosis In Blood Cells

Hypotonic Hypertonic

Define osmosisDefine osmosis

In this picture a red blood In this picture a red blood cell is put in a glass of cell is put in a glass of distilled water (all water distilled water (all water with no salt or sugar in it).  with no salt or sugar in it).  Because there is a higher Because there is a higher concentration of water concentration of water outside the cell, water outside the cell, water enters the cell by enters the cell by OSMOSISOSMOSIS.  In this case too .  In this case too much water enters and the much water enters and the cell swells to the point of cell swells to the point of bursting open.  In the end bursting open.  In the end pieces of cell membrane pieces of cell membrane are left in the water. are left in the water.

http://www.usd.edu/~bgoodman/Osmos.htm

Types of SolutionsTypes of Solutions

A. HypotonicA. Hypotonic B. HypertonicB. Hypertonic

Osmosis in Living CellsOsmosis in Living Cells

Cellulose in cell wall

Why are osmosis & diffusion Why are osmosis & diffusion important?important?

All living things have certain requirements All living things have certain requirements they must satisfy in order to remain alive – they must satisfy in order to remain alive – maintain maintain homeostasishomeostasis

These include exchanging gases (usually These include exchanging gases (usually COCO22 and O and O22), taking in water, minerals, and ), taking in water, minerals, and food, and eliminating wastes. food, and eliminating wastes.

These tasks happen at the cellular level.These tasks happen at the cellular level. Molecules move through the cell Molecules move through the cell

membrane by diffusionmembrane by diffusion

Why are osmosis & diffusion Why are osmosis & diffusion important?important?

All living things have certain requirements All living things have certain requirements they must satisfy in order to remain alive. they must satisfy in order to remain alive.

These include exchanging gases (usually These include exchanging gases (usually COCO22 and O and O22), taking in water, minerals, and ), taking in water, minerals, and food, and eliminating wastes.food, and eliminating wastes.

These tasks ultimately occur at the cellular These tasks ultimately occur at the cellular level, and require that molecules move level, and require that molecules move through the membrane that surrounds the through the membrane that surrounds the cell. cell.

Osmosis In Plant CellsOsmosis In Plant Cells

Review Osmosis & Review Osmosis & Diffusion Here:Diffusion Here:

http://wappingersschools.org/WJhttp://wappingersschools.org/WJH/teachers/science/Jim_Site/asigH/teachers/science/Jim_Site/asig

nments/cells/diffusionetc/nments/cells/diffusionetc/diffusion_osmosis.html diffusion_osmosis.html

A B C

Classify each osmosis diagram as hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic

solution.