SOLOMON: HIS LIFE AND TIMES. BY REV. F. W. FARRAR, D.D., F.R,S. ARCHDEACON AND CANON OF WESTMINSTER; AND CHAPLAIN IN ORDINARY TO THE QUEEN. NEW YORK ANSON D. F. RANDOLPH & COMPANY 88 WEST TWENTY-THIRD STREET 1886?

CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 Chequered fortunes of DavidHis early prosperity as a king His career darkenedUriah and BathshebaJoab's power over DavidThe birth of SolomonSignificance of David's remorse. CHAPTER I. THE CHILDHOOD OF SOLOMON 5 Influences which surrounded the childhood of SolomonHis fatherEvil effects of his fallHis familyBathshebaDavid's fondness for his childrenThe name ShelmhJedidiahIn- fluence of NathanHis retirementSolomon comes to be secretly regarded as the heir to the throneClaims of Absalom. CHAPTER II. THE YOUTH OF SOLOMON 13 Troubles of the periodThe crime of AmnonDavid's supine- nessAbsalom's revengeHis flight, return, and forgiveness-- His ambitionHis rebellion AhitophelDavid's flight from JerusalemHis impotent resentment against JoabThe murder of AmasaSolomon learns who are the friends and the enemies of his houseIntestine quarrelsThe numbering of the people Dislike of the measure and its imperfect resultsThe pestilence The vision on the threshing-floor of Araunah. CHAPTER III. THE ACCESSION OF SOLOMON 24 Feebleness of David's ageAbishag of ShunemConspiracy of AdonijahHis adherentsHis attempted coronation feast Adherents of SolomonCounter efforts of Nathan and Bath- ShebaInterviews of David with Bathsheba and NathanDavid

iv CONTENTS. PAGE rouses himself, and orders Solomon to be anointed and crowned Popular enthusiasmCollapse of Adonijah's plotTerror of his guestsHe is magnanimously pardonedGeneral amnesty David's last song, and deathHis dying directions to Solomon His burial. CHAPTER IV. THE KINGDOM OF SOLOMON 35 Development of Jewish royaltyThe nation enters upon its manhoodThe GibborimThe armyThe nation realizes its unique position--Possession of a strong and beautiful capital Passionate fondness for JerusalemCommencing centralization of worshipThe Ark at Jerusalem"Jehovah's people"Out- burst of poetryDawn of prose literatureElements of dangerLimits of the kingdomLines of possible progress Significance of the records of Solomon. CHAPTER V. INITIAL TROUBLES OF SOLOMON'S REIGN 43 Tragic eventsSecret ambition of AdonijahHis visit to Bath- sheba, the Queen-motherInterview between themHer unsus- pecting acceptance of his request for the hand of AbishagShe visits the kingHer gracious receptionSudden fury of Solo- monPossible causes for his violent angerHe dooms Adonijah to deathAlarm of JoabBenaiah ordered to slay himHesi- tates to drag him from the horns of the altarExecution of JoabFate of his posterityDisgrace and banishment of the High Priest Abiathar Zadok and the House of Eleazar- Destiny of the two families of Eleazar and IthamarShimei ordered to live at JerusalemHis visit to Gath to recover his slavesHis executionVigour of Solomon's ruleHis kindness to Chimham, son of BarzillaiForeign enemiesEscape of Hadad from the massacre of the EdomitesHis reception in EgyptHis returnThe Syrian RezonGeshur Solomon's affinity with PharaohOne of the Tanite dynastyNational disapproval of the wedding in later timesEstablishment of Solomon's powerThe Second PsalmNote on the Pharaoh of z Kings iii. 1.

CHAPTER VI. SOLOMON'S SACRIFICE AND DREAM 58 General peacefulness of Solomon's reignHe offers a tenfold hecatomb at GibeonHis dreamModes of Divine communi- cationHis prayer for wisdomThe ideal not perfectA con- ditional promiseGreat sacrifice on Mount ZionThe dead and the living childNature of Solomon's wisdomThe wisest man of his ageHis proverbs and songs, and other intellectual effortsRiddlesHiram and Abdemon.

CONTENTS v PAGE CHAPTER VII. THE COURT OF SOLOMON 63 Growing complexity and magnificence of the CourtHigh officersAzariah, grandson of ZadokUse of the word "Priest"The two ScribesThe RecorderThe Captain of the HostZadokBamoth or High PlacesThe Farmer-general "The King's friend"The Chamberlain; growing importance of this officialThe Superintendent of the leviesForced labourThe twelve districts to supply the CourtSignificance of these districtsJudah possibly exempted Immense exaction of provisionsThe burdens not felt at firstPrevailing peace Solomon's one conquest. CHAPTER VIII. THE BUILDINGS OF SOLOMON 71 The TempleThe design of DavidHe is forbidden to build His immense preparationsIn what sense the Temple was "exceeding magnifical"Its substructions, walls, and cisterns, and the toil they involvedEmbassy from Hiram of Tyre, and compact between the two kingsThe levy or corveThe burden-bearers and quarrymenThe Canaanites were the Helots of PalestineThe GiblitesThe slaves of Solomon Hiram of NaphtaliGeneral form of the Temple and its measure- mentsCurious statements of the ChroniclerThe Holy of Holies quite darkOuter lattices of the Holy PlaceThe outer chambersWhat a visitor would have seenThe outer court The inner courtThe brazen altarThe molten sea and the caldronsWhy the brazen oxen were permittedThe actual TempleWhat was its external aspect?Had it pillars within? Jachin and BoazTheories about themThe PorchThe Sanc- tuary and its furnitureThe Oracle; its doorsThe ArkThe Cherubim Built in silenceThe general workmanshipTime that it occupied in buildingOrganization of Levitic ministryThe Temple a symbol of God's PresenceThe actual building not used for prayer or public worshipThe sacrifices, and what they involvedWater for ablutionsThe Ceremony of Dedication The old TabernacleThe processionTransference of the Ark to its rockThe stavesSplendour of the ceremonyThe Cloud of GlorySolomon's prayer; its spiritualityStupendous thank- offering and festivalThe fire from heavenProminence of the king in priestly functionsSecond vision of SolomonIntense affection and enthusiasm inspired by the Temple, as illustrated in various PsalmsFunctions of the Levites. APPENDIX TO CHAPTER VIII. ON THE PLAN AND ASPECT OF THE TEMPLE 100 Ideal reconstructionsFew remainsScantiness of trustworthy informationFancies of JosephusRecent excavationsThe TalmudSize of the platformTheories as to the styleI. Prof,

vi CONTENTS. PAGE Wilkins and the Greek theory; now abandoned2. Canina and the Egyptian theory3. Fergusson, Robins, and others believe that the architecture was Asiatic and Phoenician; reasons for this viewAnalogous buildingsThe Temple as restored on the Phnician theory. CHAPTER IX. SOLOMON'S OTHER BUILDINGS AND CITIES 107 The passion for buildingSolomon's palace, and its adjoining edificesObscurity of all detailsThe House of the Forest of Lebanon; its shieldsThe Porch of pillarsThe Hall of Judg- mentThe PalaceThe staircase to the TempleWater supply- GardensSummer retreatsWorks of national usefulnessFor- tification of the cityA chain of fortress-townsHazor, Megiddo, Gezer The Beth-Horons Baalath Store cities, and chariot townsRoadsTadmor in the wilderness. CHAPTER X. SOLOMON'S COMMERCE 114 The ideal of peaceful wealthExtended commerce: I. by land and II. by seaI. Influence and splendour of Phoenicia: i. Land traffic with Tyre; Hiram and Solomon; Embarrassed con- dition of Solomon's resources; He alienates twenty cities; Scorn and dissatisfaction of Hiram; An obscure transaction; Inexplic- able conduct of Solomon; Prosperity of Hiramii. Land traffic with Arabia; Spices and precious stonesiii. Egypt and the Tanite dynasty; Land traffic with Egypt; Horses and chariots; Profits of the trade; Two great inland roadsII. Sea-traffic The Phoenician traffic with Tarshishii. Traffic by the Red Sea to Ophir; Ezion-GeberTheories about Ophir; identified by many with Abhra at the mouths of the Indus Beautiful and curious articles of exporti. Ivory (Shen habbm)ii. Apes (Kophm) Hi. Peacocks (tukkim)--iv. Almug-treesSanskrit origin of these wordsDid the fleets circumnavigate Africa?Result of the commerceLossesIntercourse with idolatorsThe Red Sea fleets a failureThe king's revenueHis enormous expenses Advantages of the commerce, direct and indirect. CHAPTER XI. SOLOMON IN ALL HIS GLORY 129 Visitors and presentsRoyal stateSolomon, on a progress, as described by JosephusAs described in the Song of SongsA nuptial psalm (Ps. xlv.) Allusion to Solomon by our Lord Other allusionsHis ivory throneVisit of the Queen of Sheba Traditions ab