SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES...SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES VOLUME, MASS, DENSITY AND PRESSURE Date: Time: Total marks available: Total marks achieved: _____ REVISION QUESTIONS Mwalimu Ndolo

www.mwalimundolo.or.ke

Name: _______________________________________________

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES

VOLUME, MASS, DENSITY AND PRESSURE

Date:

Time:

Total marks available:

Total marks achieved: ______

REVISION QUESTIONS Mwalimu Ndolo

http://www.mwalimundolo.or.ke/


Questions Q1.

A student measures the diameter of a coin.

She uses the digital caliper shown in the photograph.

The digital caliper gives readings to the nearest 0.01 mm.

(a) The student measures the diameter of the coin eight times. Her readings are shown below.

(i) Circle the anomalous reading.

(1) (ii) Calculate the average diameter of the coin.

(3)

Average = ........................................................... mm



(b) The student wants to find the thickness of a coin. She takes several similar coins and measures them together as shown.

She says:

Do you agree with the student? Explain why.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

(c) The student wants to find the density of the coin.

She uses her values for the diameter and thickness of the coin to calculate its volume. What else must she do to find the density of the coin?

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................



.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)



Q2.

A student uses a solution of solvent and oil to estimate the length of an oil molecule.

(a) (i) Name an instrument that the student could use to accurately measure 10 cm3 of the solution.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) The student uses a dropper to produce drops of the solution. There are 2000 drops in 10 cm3 of the solution. Calculate the volume of 1 drop.

(1)

volume of 1 drop = ........................................................... cm3

(b) The student adds a drop of the solution to a tray of water.

She measures the diameter of the oil film that forms.

The student measures the diameter of the oil film several times. The table shows her results.

(i) Calculate the average (mean) diameter of the oil film. Give your answer to three significant figures.

(2)

average diameter = ........................................................... mm

(ii) When the drop touches the water, the solvent evaporates and an oil film forms with thickness equal to the length of one oil molecule.



The volume of the oil film is 1.0 mm3. The thickness of the oil film can be found using the formula

volume = π r2t

[r = radius of film, t = thickness of film] Calculate the length of one oil molecule.

(3)

length = ........................................................... mm


Q3.

A student wants to calculate the pressure he exerts on the floor when he stands on one foot.

He records these measurements.

(a) (i) Complete the table by adding the unit for weight.

(1)

(ii) Which piece of equipment should the student use to measure his weight? (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Suggest how the student measured the area of the floor in contact with his foot.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................



(c) (i) State the equation linking pressure, force and area.

(1) (ii) Calculate the pressure that the student's foot exerts on the floor.

(2)

pressure = ........................................................... N/cm2




Q4.

The photograph shows two cups of coffee.

The cups are the same size. One cup is full of coffee, the other cup is half full. Compare the pressures in the coffee at the bottom of each cup.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................


Q5.

A student needs to find the mass of a large steel bolt but does not have access to a balance.



The student knows the density of steel.

Describe how he can accurately find the mass of the bolt using its density.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

(5)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................


Q6.

This question is about pressure.

(a) Explain why it is easier to cut vegetables with a sharp knife than with one that is not sharp.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................



.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Balloons are often filled with helium so that they float in air.

A small canister of pressurised helium is used to fill some balloons. (i) Using ideas about particles, explain why the pressure in the canister decreases as the helium is used to fill the balloons.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) The canister supplies 18 000 cm3 of helium at a pressure of 2300 kPa. The volume of each balloon is 8200 cm3. The pressure exerted by the helium in each balloon is 100 kPa. Calculate how many balloons can be filled using the helium from the canister. [assume temperature of the helium remains constant]

(3)

number of balloons = ...........................................................




Q7.

(a) Who is correct − Kalpana or Christine?

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................. Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................



(b) Kalpana uses a measuring cylinder to find the volume of water displaced by the stone.

She has three measuring cylinders to choose from.

(i) Which measuring cylinder would give the most precise measurement? Explain

your answer. (2)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) The most precise measuring cylinder may not give an accurate reading.

Suggest why. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

(c) The table shows the measurements that Kalpana makes.

(i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.



(1) (ii) Calculate the density of the stone. State your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. Give the unit.

(3)

Density = ........................................................... Unit ........................................................... (d) (i) How can Kalpana use her value of density to identify the type of stone?

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Kalpana may still be unsure about the type of stone. Suggest why.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................




Q8.

Marbles is a game played with small balls of coloured glass.

Each ball is known as a marble.

(a) Describe how a millimetre scale and two set squares can be used to measure the diameter of a marble.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer. (3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................



.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Describe an experiment to find the density of a marble.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer. (5)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................




Q9.

The volume of a piece of brass is 16.3 cm3.

A student measures its mass using an electronic balance. The mass of the brass is 138 g.

(a) (i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.

(1) (ii) Calculate the density of brass.

Give the unit. (3)

density = ...........................................................

(b) The student notices that the electronic balance has a zero error, so it shows mass readings that are all slightly too small.

This means that the density value is (1)

A incorrect and slightly too large

B incorrect and slightly too small

C correct because the student used three significant figures

D correct because the mass of the block is more than zero

(Total for question = 5 marks) Q10.

The photograph shows some large concrete cubes.



The mass of one of the concrete cubes is 1000 kg.

(a) State the weight of this concrete cube.

Give the unit. (2)

weight of concrete cube = ....................... unit ...........

(b) The density of this concrete cube is 2300 kg/m3.

(i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume. (1)

(ii) Calculate the volume of this concrete cube.

(2)

volume of concrete cube = ........................................ m3

(c) The graph shows the volumes of 1000 kg of some other materials.



(i) State the type of graph shown. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give a reason why a line graph is not an appropriate way to display this data. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Use information from the graph to compare the densities of cork and water. (2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................




Q11.

The photograph shows a car tyre that needs to be inflated.

The tyre exerts a pressure on the road of 270 kPa.

The area of the tyre touching the road is 0.016 m2.

(a) (i) State the equation linking pressure, force and area.

(1) (ii) Calculate the force exerted on the road by the tyre.

Give the unit. (4)

force = ............................. unit .............................

(b) Use ideas about molecules to explain why the air inside the tyre exerts pressure.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................



.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Air is pumped into the tyre to inflate it.

This increases the temperature and the pressure of the air in the tyre. Use ideas about molecules to explain why the air pressure in the tyre increases.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................




Q12.

Aneroid barometers are used to measure air pressure.

A student makes a model aneroid barometer as shown.

(a) (i) The balloon fabric is attached to the can to stop the air escaping.

Explain how the air inside the can causes a pressure on the balloon fabric. (3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) The balloon fabric is tight and flat. The pointer is horizontal as shown. Explain what happens to the different parts of the model when the atmospheric pressure increases. [You may assume that the temperature remains constant.]

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................



.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest two ways that the model could be altered to increase its sensitivity to changes in atmospheric pressure.

(2)

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The student heats the air in her can by placing the can in a water bath.

(i) State how this affects the reading shown by the pointer. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain why this happens. (2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................


Q13.

A student has a small piece of steel.

Describe an experiment that he could do to find the density of steel.



You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

(5)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................




Q14.

The object shown in the photograph is an old, brass mass.

It is marked 500 g.

(a) A student puts the mass on an electronic balance. The electronic balance reading is 498.2 g. The student concludes:

Evaluate this conclusion. (2)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. (b) The student wants to find the density of the old, brass mass. First he obtains a correct value for the mass. What else must he do to find the density?



(3)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................




Q15.

The photograph shows a water barrel with a tap.

The barrel is used to store rainwater.

A student investigates the water depth in the barrel.

She measures the depth and then opens the tap.

As water flows out of the barrel, she measures the depth every minute.

The table shows her results.

(a) Which two measuring instruments should the student use in her investigation?

(2)



1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Plot a graph to show how the depth changes with time, and draw the curve of best fit.

(5)

(ii) Describe the relationship between depth and time. (2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The student notices that the water flows out less quickly as time passes.

Suggest a reason for the decrease in flow. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................






Q16.

A student places a pile of coins on a table, as shown in photograph A.

There are 8 coins in the pile.

The weight of each coin is 0.036 N.

The area of each coin is 0.0013 m2.

(a) (i) State the equation linking pressure, force and area. (1)

(ii) Calculate the pressure on the table caused by the pile of coins.

(2)

Pressure = ........................................................... Pa (b) The student then spreads the 8 coins out on the table as shown in photograph B.



(i) Describe how this affects the total force from the coins on the table.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain how this affects the pressure on the table caused by the coins.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................




Q17.

A diver works in the sea on a day when the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa and the density of the seawater is 1028 kg/m3.

(a) The diver uses compressed air to breathe under water.

1700 litres of air from the atmosphere is compressed into a 12-litre gas cylinder. The compressed air quickly cools to its original temperature. Calculate the pressure of the air in the cylinder.

(3)

pressure = ........................................................... kPa

(b) (i) State the equation linking pressure difference, depth, density and g.

(1) (ii) Calculate the increase in pressure when the diver descends from the surface to a depth of 11 m.

(2)

increase in pressure = ......................................... kPa



(iii) Calculate the total pressure on the diver at a depth of 11 m. Assume that the atmospheric pressure remains at 101 kPa.

(1)

total pressure = ........................................................... kPa

(c) As the diver breathes out, bubbles of gas are released and rise to the surface.

The bubbles increase in volume as they rise. Explain this increase in volume.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................


Q18.

This question is about pressure in a liquid.

(a) A teacher uses this apparatus to demonstrate pressure difference in water.

The apparatus is hollow and has three short tubes at different depths. The teacher completely fills the apparatus with water. Water comes out of all the tubes.



(i) State the relationship between pressure difference, height, density and g. (1)

(ii) The diagram shows the path of water coming from the top tube.

Complete the diagram by drawing the paths of water you would expect to see from the other two tubes.

(2) (iii) Explain the pattern of the paths of water from the tubes.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) In another demonstration, the teacher uses this container.

The container is made of glass and each section has a different shape. The teacher pours water into the container until it reaches the level shown in the left-hand section.

(i) Complete the diagram by drawing the water levels in the other four sections.



(1) (ii) Explain why the water fills the container in the way you have shown.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................



Documents

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES...SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES VOLUME, MASS, DENSITY AND PRESSURE Date: Time: Total marks available: Total marks achieved: _____ REVISION QUESTIONS Mwalimu Ndolo