Slide 2 Solids, Liquids and Gases Slide 3 Explains how particles
in matter behave. Three assumptions: 1. All matter is composed of
small particles (atoms, molecules, and ions). 2. These particles
are in constant, random motion. 3. These particles are colliding
with each other and the walls of their container. Slide 4 Imagine a
room filled with tiny bouncing ping pong balls. That is what atoms
are like! A very small amount of energy is lost with each
collision. Slide 5 Thermal energy = Kinetic energy + Potential
energy Moving Energy Forces holding particles together Slide 6
Temperature : the measure of average kinetic energy Quick
definition: How fast are the particles moving? Absolute Zero : no
more thermal energy can be removed; particles barely moving at all.
-273.15 C or 0 K (kelvin) Slide 7 Solid Melting Liquid Condensation
Gas Sublimation Freezing Boiling Slide 8 Slide 9 Chemical
Properties: How a substance reacts. Examples: Flammability,
reactions to light Changes into a new substance during the
reaction. Physical Properties: Characteristics you can observe.
Examples: Color, boiling point, magnetic Doesnt change what the
substance is. Slide 10 Particles packed tightly together and
constantly vibrating in place. Form a geometric arrangement, which
give it specific chemical and physical properties. Solids have
their own shape and a definite shape and volume Slide 11 Particles
packed tightly together, but are able to move around more freely.
Liquids can flow; their particles can slide past each other.
Liquids have a definite volume, but take the shape of their
container. Slide 12 Particles have enough kinetic (moving) energy
to separate and spread far apart or contract. Gases do not have a
fixed volume or shape. They fill up the space they are in. Slide 13
A particle has enough kinetic (moving) energy to escape from other
particles. 2 ways: Evaporation: happens on surface of a liquid at
room temperature Boiling : happens throughout liquid at a specific
temperature. Slide 14 To become a gas, the pressure of a vapor in
the liquid must be higher than the pressure of the air on the
surface. Heat of vaporization : energy required to change a liquid
to a gas. Slide 15 Diffusion: Spreading of particles throughout a
given volume unit they are evenly distributed. Example: spraying
perfume in a room http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2
/animation__how_diffusion_works.html http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2
/animation__how_diffusion_works.html Slide 16 **Sketch picture!
Slide 17 Slide 18 Most common state of matter in the universe.
Plasma: matter made of + and charged particles, but is neutral
overall. The collisions are very intense and cause electrons to be
taken away. Examples: the sun, lightening bolts, neon and
fluorescent tubes. Slide 19 Pressure = Force/Area (P = F/A) Unit:
Pascals (Pa) = 1 N/m 2 At sea level, atomospheric pressure = 101.3
kilopascals (kPa) **Sketch picture & chart ! Slide 20 Balloons
stay inflated because of the atoms colliding with the walls of the
container. If you add air to the balloon, there are more air
particles. Therefore, more collisions are occurring and the
container expands. Slide 21 Slide 22 volume = pressure (constant
temperature) Slide 23 P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Example: A balloon has a
volume of 10.0 L at a pressure of 100 kPa. What will the new volume
be when the pressure drops to 50 kPa? P 1 = V 1 = P 2 = V 2 = 100
kPa 10.0 L 50 kPa 20 L P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 100 * 10 = 50 * V 2 1000 =
50 * V 2 50 50 20 L = V 2 Slide 24 What happens when you heat a
container that cant change shape? temperature = pressure Pressure
builds until the container cant hold it any more and it explodes.
Slide 25 Slide 26 temperature = volume (constant pressure) Slide 27
V 1 /T 1 = V 2 /T 2 (temp must be in kelvin) Example: A balloon has
a volume of 2.0 L at a temperature of 25C. What will the new volume
be when the temperature drops to 10C? V 1 = T 1 = V 2 = T 2 = 2.0 L
25C + 273 = 298 K 1.9 L 10C + 273 = 283 K V 1 /T 1 = V 2 /T 2 2.0 =
V 2 298 283 298 * V 2 = 2.0 * 283 V 2 = 2.0 * 283 298 V 2 = 1.9
L
