Solids, Liquids and Gases - Endeavor Charter School...Heating gases inside a balloon •Particles move faster. •Particles hit inside of balloon more frequently with more force. •Results

Solids, Liquids and GasesPresented by Kesler Science

Essential Questions:What changes occur in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed?

States of Matter• Also known as phases

• Describes a physical property

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Solids, Liquids and Gases

© KeslerScience.com

Kinetic Theory of Matter

•All matter is made of tiny particles (atoms or molecules), which are in constant motion.

•How tightly these particles are packed or bonded determines what state they take.



Kinetic Theory (cont.)

•Particles vibrate or move around more if the matter is heated.

•Particles vibrate or move around less if the matter is cooled.




Quick Action – Solids, Liquids and Gases

“M & M s melt in your mouth not in your hands.”

This was a very famous advertisement slogan.

Get with a partner. What scientific principal was the candy company referring to?

Take a turn to explain why M&Ms melt in your mouth and not in your hand.

Words to use as you discuss this problem:

Energy, heating, cooling, phase change, state of matter


Quick Action – Solids, Liquids and Gases INB Template

INB Template• Cut out the INB Template

along solid line

• Glue it sideways into your INB

• Take notes on the inside for each state of matter.

Solids• Have a definite shape and a

definite volume

• Particles are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.



Liquids• Have a definite volume, but no

definite shape

• They take the shape of their container.

• Particles are tightly packed, but far enough apart to slide over one another.



Gases• Have no definite volume and no

definite shape

• They take the shape of their container.

• Particles are very far apart and move freely except when they collide.



Changes of State• Adding or removing thermal

energy causes a change in state of matter.

• States can change from one state to another.




Quick Action – Solids, Liquids and Gases INB Template

INB Template

• Cut out the INB Templates (don’t forget to include the small tab at the top of each template)

• Glue the diagram sideways into your INB.

• Glue the tab on the table sheet on top of the diagram.

• Take notes in the appropriate spot to complete the diagram and table.

Phase Changes

Description of Phase

Change

Terms for Phase

Change

Heat Movement

During Phase Change

Solid to Liquid MeltingHeat goes into the

solid as it melts

Liquid to Solid FreezingHeat leaves the liquid

as it freezes



Phase Changes (cont.)Description of Phase

Change

Term for Phase

Change

Heat Movement

During Phase Change

Liquid to gas

Vaporization, includes

boiling and

evaporation

Heat goes into the

liquid as it vaporizes

Gas to liquid CondensationHeat leaves gas as it

condenses

Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the

solid as it sublimates




Phase Change Diagram• A type of chart that shows

conditions at which phase changes occur

• The horizontal lines indicate points where there is no temperature change.

• Freezing and melting points are actually the same temperature.



Quick Action – Solids, Liquids and Gases

Close your notes! Get with a partner and make a list of as many phase changes as you can. In other words what substances will change phase into a different phase?

You have 3 minutes. Ready set go!

Which group in your class listed the most substances?

Contracting and Expanding During Phase Change

Heating liquids and solids

•Particles move faster

•This faster motion causes the particles to move apart resulting in expansion.



Contracting and Expanding

During Phase ChangeCooling liquids and solids

•Particles slow down

•Attraction between particles pulls them close together causing them to contract.




During Phase ChangeHeating gases inside a balloon

•Particles move faster.

•Particles hit inside of balloon more frequently with more force.

•Results in higher pressure inside balloon than outside

•Causes expansion of balloon




During Phase ChangeCooling gases inside a balloon

•Particles slow down

•Particles hit inside of balloon less frequently and with less force.

•Results in lower pressure inside balloon than outside

•Causes contraction of balloon



Check for Understanding

Can you…


Explain what changes occur in

particle motion, temperature, and

state of a pure substance when

thermal energy is added or removed.

Documents

Solids, Liquids and Gases - Endeavor Charter School...Heating gases inside a balloon •Particles move faster. •Particles hit inside of balloon more frequently with more force. •Results