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Solids, Liquids and Gases. Chapter 16. Section 1 – Kinetic Theory. States of matter you saw at lunch? _____________ Theory – explanation of how particles in matter behave All matter is composed of small _____________________ (atoms, molecules, ions). Kinetic Theory. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Solids, Liquids and Gases
Chapter 16
Section 1 – Kinetic Theory
States of matter you saw at lunch?_____________ Theory – explanation of how particles in matter behave
1. All matter is composed of small _____________________ (atoms, molecules, ions)
Kinetic Theory2. Particles in ______________, random
motion3. Particles are _________________
Energy that particles lose from collisions is ________________
Average Kinetic Energy____________________ is measure of average kinetic energy.Warmer – particles have ___________ energy Move fasterCooler – particles have LESS energy Move _______________
Solid State – H2OParticles in ______________ position
Liquid StateParticles in solid _____________ energy and move faster break out of fixed positionMelting point: _________________ where solid begins to liquefy Heat of fusion: amount of __________ needed to change a solid to liquid
Liquids FlowParticles have energy to break _________________ attraction and flow
Gas StateParticles have energy to escape ___________ attraction
VaporizationLiquid particles gain enough energy to escape to ___________ phase
Evaporation: vaporization at the _________________ of liquid, spontaneously
Boiling point: applying ______________, temperature at which pressure of vapor is equal to external pressure, _________ to gas
Heat of vaporization: amount of ____________ needed for liquid to be a gas
Gases fill their ContainerDiffusion: _________________ of particles throughout until they are mixed
Heating Curve of a Liquid
Heating Curve of a Liquida and c – _________ in energyb and d – energy used to ___________ attraction between particles
PlasmaDef: consists of ________________ and negative particlesVery _____________ temperatureParticles moving so fast ______ are stripped offLightning, __________, neon lights
Thermal Expansion
Thermal ExpansionSpaces are _________________ jointsPrevent __________Absorbs heat – ______________Cools – shrinks
Expansion of MatterThermal Expansion: increase in the _____________ of a substance when the temperature is increasedWarmer = ____________ attraction b/ particles = move freer Cooler = more attraction = ______________ together
Expansion of Matter
Expansion of Matter
Strange WaterIce is _________ dense than liquid water(+) and ____ ends arrange themselves next to each otherCreate _____________ spaces
Strange Water
Solid or Liquid?Amorphous Solids: ______________ form, change to liquid over range of temperaturesEx: glass, _______________Liquid turned to solid too ____________
Solid or LiquidLiquid crystals: change to liquid but don’t lose their __________________ formEx: liquid crystal display ________________ calculators, etc.
Properties of Fluids
Section 2
How do ships float?Buoyancy: ability of fluid to exert _______________ force on object.If force equal to _______________ = float
Archimedes’ PrincipleDef: buoyant force on an object is equal to the _______________ of the fluid displaced by the object
DensitySame size blocks - wood and ____________Displace _____________ amount of waterBUT, wood block _____________ and steel block sinksDifferent __________________ – object has less density than density of fluid to float
Archimedes’ Principle
Pascal’s PrinciplePressure: ___________ exerted per unit areaPressure applied to fluid is exerted ______________ the fluidUsed in ______________ lifts – use your weight to lift something much heavier
Bernoulli’s PrincipleDef: as velocity of fluid _____________ pressure of fluid decreases
Fluid FlowViscosity: the ________________ of a fluid to flowSyrup – ________ viscosityWater – ________ viscosity
Behavior of Gases
Section 3
PressureResult of gas particle _____________ with the containerMore collisions = More ____________Pressure unit = ______________ (Pa)How do we get high pressure?
Boyle’s LawRelationship between ______________ and volume_____ volume, size of container, what will pressure do?Pressure _____
_______________ related: as one goes the other goes , or vice versa
Charles’s LawRelationship between _____________ and temperature“Keep away from _____________” on pressurized can______ temperature what will volume do?_____ volume
________________ related: as one goes the other goes , or vice versa
Kelvin ScaleAll _______ numbers0K = ______________ zero – all particle motion stops0K = ________K = ____ + 273