Schematic of Sanitary Landfill

• Advantages

– Safer than other options

– Land may be reused productively

– Power generation may offset some costs

• Disadvantages

– Odors, disease, pollution reduced but still a risk

– More expensive than open dumps

– Not suited for medical or toxic waste

– Difficult to build in places with limited or expensive land

– Land may remain too unstable to build on

Toxic Wastes

Deep-well Disposal -

Disadvantages

Advantages

Leaks or spills at Safe method if surface sites are chosen

carefully Leaks from corrosion of well Wastes can be

retrieved if casing problems Existing fractures or earth quakes can allow wastes to escape into groundwater Encourages waste production

Fig. 21.14, p. 538

develop Low cost

Hazardous Waste Landfill -

BBulkulk waste waste

IImpervious mperviouscclay lay

EEarth arth

WWater table ater table

GGroundwater roundwater

CClaylay cap cap

GGas vas ventent

TTopsoilopsoilEEartharth

SSandand

PPllaassttiicc ccoovveerr

IImpervmpervious clayay cap ious cl cap

LLeeaakk ddetection etectionssyysstteemm

RReaction eactionwwaasstteess iin drums n drums

DDoouubbllee lleeaacchhaattee ccollection system ollection system

PPllaassttiicc ddoouubbllee lliinneerr

GGroundwater roundwatermmonitoring onitoringwwell ell

Fig. 21.16, p. 539

Above Ground Hazardous Waste Disposal -

Waste transporter

Hazardous waste

Support column

Inspector

Elevator shaft

Medical Waste Disposal • Incineration – not allowed by Clean Air Act

• Autoclave

– Wastes are disinfected by exposure to high-pressure steam; materials may then be disposed of in landfill

– Uses energy; generates wastewater

• Microwave

– Disinfects through intense radiation; energy-intensive

• Pyrolysis

– wastes are exposed to high heat with little or no air; oxidation is minimized, reducing air pollution

– wastes are turned to ash, tar or slag; sent to landfill

– Allowed in principle by CAA, but NGOs claim they still generate dioxins

PHILIPPINE LAW ON SOLID WASTES POLICY FRAMEWORK OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT

• Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 9003)

• DENR Administrative Order 2001-34

• P.D. 1152 (1977) or the Philippine Environment Code

• P.D. 856 (1975) or the Code on Sanitation

• P.D. 825 (1975) or the Garbage Disposal Law/ Anti-Dumping Law

• R.A. 7160 (1991) or the Local Government Code of 1991

• DAO 98-49 and DAO 98-50 – Municipal Solid Waste Disposal & Siting Criteria for Sanitary Landfills

• Protection of public health and environment

• Use of environmentally sound methods (maximize resource use and resource conservation and recovery)

• Solid waste avoidance and volume reduction (measures and facilities)

• Proper solid waste segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment, and disposal

• Research and development programs

• Greater private sector participation

• Primary role of LGUs retained

• Cooperative effort among NGAs, LGU, NGO, private sector

• Use of MBIs (cooperation and self-regulation)

• Institutionalize public participation

• Integration into academic curricula R.A. 9003 (2000)

PROHIBITED ACTS & PENALTIES (Solid Waste)

Same

Unauthorized removable of recyclable material intended for collection of authorized persons.

Fine of P1,000.00 – P3,000.00 or imprisonment for 15 days – 6 months, or both.

Causing or permitting the collection of non-segregated or unsorted materials.

sameOpen burning of solid waste.

sameUndertaking activities, or operating, collecting or transporting equipment in violation of sanitation operation, other requirement or permits.

FINE P300-P1,000 or COMMUNITY SERVICE 1-15 days

Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places, causing or permitting the same

Mixing of source-separated recyclable materials with other solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection or disposal.

For the first violation, fine of P500,000.00 plus 5%-10% of net annual income during previous year. For second or subsequent violation, additional penalty of imprisonment for 1– 3 years.

Manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials.

Importation of consumer products packaged in non-environmentally acceptable materials.

For the first violation, fine of P500,000.00 plus 5%-10% of net annual income during previous year.

Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as “recyclable” or “with recyclable content”.

Fine of P10,000.00 – P200,000.00 or imprisonment for 30 days to 3 years.

Knowingly use of a chemical substance or mixture which is imported, manufactured, processed or distributed in violation of RA 6969 or DAO 29, series of 1992.

Imprisonment ( 6 months and 1 day to 6 years and 1 day) PLUS Fine ranging ( P600.00 to P4, 000.00) If offender foreigner -> deported and barred from any subsequent entry into the country after service of sentence.

Cause, aid or facilitate, directly or indirectly, in the storage, importation, or bringing into Philippine territory, including its maritime zones, even in transit, by land, air or sea transportation, or otherwise

Imprisonment ( 12 years & 1 day to 20 years) If offender is a corporation -> PLUS exemplary damage of P500,000.00. If offender a foreign firm -> director and all officers shall be barred from entry into the county, IN ADDITION to the cancellation of its license to do business in the country.

What you can do?

• Advocate improved packaging

– They’ll make them only if we buy them

• Be aware of and avoid hazardous materials

– Paints, cleaners, batteries, pesticides

• Support your local scavenger

– Observe the 3 R’s, or let others do it for you

• Accept that waste disposal isn’t free