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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (TKA 4201) LECTURE NOTESUNIVERSITY MALAYSIA TERENGGANU 2009Disclaimer: I don't own this document. If you believe you do, and you don't want it to be published here, please let me know. I will remove it immediately
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
CHAPTER 4Solid Waste Generation
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Estimation of __________________ over a certain amount of ______________ (day/year).Importance in determining ______________ and in designing ______________________________, materials recovery facilities and disposal facilities.Waste generation rate is increasing related to ______________ such as residential, commercial, institutional, industrial and markets.Related to ______________ of places such as squatters, low, medium and high class residential areas.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Per Capita (kg/person.day) @ (kg/capita.day)
Sources Solid Waste Generation (kg/capita/day)
U.S. Malaysia
Municipal 0.75-2.50
Industrial 0.40-1.60 Unknown
Demolition 0.05-0.40 Unknown
Other Municipal 0.05-0.30 Unknown
Commercial: _____________________________ Industrial:
_________________________________________________________
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Waste generation in Malaysia (2004)8.7 million tonnes per year.6.1 million tonnes from households2.6 million tonnes from BusinessRecycling rate 4-5%Landfilling 95%
Source: National wasteminimization in Malaysia,
Yachiyo Engineering Co.,LTD.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Waste that are collected include commingled wastes and source separated wastes.Difference between the amount municipal waste ______________ and the amount of waste ______________ vary from 4-15%. Accounted by the amount:
1. ______________
2. Burned in fireplaces3. ______________
4. Given to charitable agencies5. ______________
6. Delivered to drop off and recycling centre7. Recycled directly
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Estimated the number of individual loads and the corresponding waste characteristics (types of waste, estimated volume) are noted over a specified time period.
4.2.1 LOAD-COUNT ANALYSIS
4.2.2 WEIGHT-VOLUME ANALYSISSimilar but the volume of each load is recorded.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Example:
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
The only way to determine the generation and movement of SW with any degree of reliability is to perform a detailed materials balance analysis for each generation source, such as individual home, commercial or a industrial activities.
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Stored materials(Raw materials,
products, solid waste)
System boundary
4.4.1 SKETCH FOR MATERIALS BALANCE ANALYSIS
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Rate of accumulation of material
within the system
boundary
Rate of flow of
material into the system
boundary
Rate of flow of
material out of the system
boundary
Rate of generation of waste material
within the system
boundary
= - +
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
Where M/t Rate of change of the weight of material stored
(accumulated) within the study unit, kg/day
MinSum of all material flowing into study unit (kg/day)
MoutSum of all material flowing out study unit (kg/day)
rwRate of waste generation, kg/day
t Time, day
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
1. Source reduction:Occur through the design, manufacture and packaging of products with minimum toxic
content, minimum volume or material and/or a longer useful life.
Occur at the household, commercial and industrial facility through __________________________
and the __________________________
4.5.1 SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING ACTIVITIES
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
2. Recycling activities:Have major impact in the quantities of waste collection and disposal.
4.5.1 SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING ACTIVITIES
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
1. Public attitudes:__________________________ and lifestyles to conserve natural resources and to reduce economic burden.__________________________ is essential in bringing a change in public attitudes.
2. Legislation:Such legislation will have major impact to the generation rate. For example: packaging.
4.5.2 PUBLIC ATTITUDES AND LEGISLATION
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
1. Geographic location:__________________________ influence both the amount of certain types of solid wastes generated
(Example: yard and garden wastes).2. Season of the year:
__________________________ Vegetable season
4.5.3 GEOGRAPHIC AND PHYSICAL FACTORS
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
3. Collection frequency:Unlimited collection service meaning more waste are collected but does not mean that more waste are generated.
4. Use of kitchen waste grinders:__________________________
5. Characteristics of populace:Waste generated considerably greater in the __________________________.
4.5.3 GEOGRAPHIC AND PHYSICAL FACTORS
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT
Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology
The end
