B E R S A M I N | E B I D O | LUZ A DA | M AT E O

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

SOLID WASTE

• Three general categories• Municipal wastes• Industrial wastes• Hazardous wastes

MUNICIPAL WASTES

• Food wastes or garbage• Rubbish: paper, cardboard, plastic, textiles,

rubber, leather, wood, glass, cans, metals• Ashes and residues• Demolition and construction wastes: stone,

concrete, brick, lumber, plumbing, heating and electrical parts• Special wastes: street sweepings, roadside litter,

dead animals, abandoned vehicles, discarded appliances

INDUSTRIAL WASTES

• Wastes from industrial activities and typically include rubbish, ashes, demolition and construction wastes, special wastes and non-hazardous wastes

HAZARDOUS WASTES

• Wastes that pose a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plant and animal life• They exhibit the following:• Ignitability• Corrosive• Reactivity• Toxicity

TYPES & SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES

1. Household wastes2. Commercial and industrial wastes3. Farm & agricultural wastes4. Institutional wastes5. Miscellaneous and special wastes

- Sludge from water and waste water treatment plants, ash from incinerators, street sweepings, demolition, construction

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATEDWITH SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL:

1. Pollution of water and food sources.2. Burning of solid wastes destroys the fertility of

the soil.3. Exposure to smoke and fumes from burning

wastes increases risks of developing respiratory diseases.

4. Solid wastes become breeding sites of disease vectors.

IN METRO MANILA,SOURCES OF WASTES ARE:

• Households – 74.1%• Shops – 9.4%• Markets – 7.6%• Restaurants – 7.5%• Institutions – 0.8%• Street sweepings – 0.4%• River clean-up – 0.14%

• In Metro Manila, 90% of the wastes are collected by municipal collection system of which:• 25% are illegally dumped• 30% are collected by sanitary landfills• 33% are disposed in open dumps• 2% is recycled

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Interrelated system of appropriate technologies• Generation, collection, storage and processing,

transfer and transport, and disposal• At the lowest possible cost and risk to health

WASTE HIERARCHY

• Ordered sequence of initiatives• Used to identify steps in addressing the amount

of waste produced by society

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

1. Waste generation2. On-site handling, storage and processing3. Collection4. Transfer and Transport5. Processing and Recovery6. Disposal

SOLID WASTE GENERATION

• Act or process of producing wastes• Source Reduction – reduction before it enters the

solid waste stream• 3 R’s:• Reduce – avoidance of wasteful consumption and

minimizing wastes• Reuse – recovering materials without altering its physical

characteristics• Recycle – transformation into new materials

ON-SITE STORAGE

• Requirements:• With fitting covers• Sufficient in size or number• Made of water-proof material• Small enough to be carried easily• Accessible to collector, not subject to flooding and

located away from food storage

COLLECTION

• Important points to consider:• Regular collection• Vehicles transporting refuse should be properly covered• Route to final destination site should be direct as possible

TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT

• Means and facilities used to effect the transfer of wastes from relatively small to larger vehicles and to transport them to processing centers or disposal sites

PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

1. Mechanical volume reduction• Compaction• Balling of papers for recycling• Used to increase life of landfills

2. Thermal volume reduction• Incineration• Generation of toxic air pollutants

3. Manual component separation• Can be accomplished at the source

RESOURCE RECOVERY

• Collection, extraction or sorting of recyclable materials from the waste stream• Recyclable items are bought by manufacturing

plants for processing to produce goods

DISPOSAL

1. Burial – in pits and covered with soil; should at least be 25 meters away from any well used for waster supply

2. Open burning3. Feeding to animals4. Composting5. Grinding and disposal sewer – “garbage

grinders” attached to kitchen sinks6. Sanitary landfill

M A R I K I N A C I T Y

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

CITY ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT OFFICE (CEMO)

FUNCTION:

Provide environmental sanitation services such as garbage collection, street cleaning, enforcement of ordinances and conduct environmental education and information.

ORDINANCES

Ordinance No. 135, s. 1994 - Improper Disposal.Ordinance No. 073, s. 2002 – Anti-Littering Code of

Marikina.Ordinance No. 201, s. 2000 – Prohibits burning of

garbage.Ordinance No. 120, s. 2004 – Prohibits Scavengers.Ordinance No. 210, s. 1994Ordinance No. 046, s. 2002 - Requires segregation

of garbage.Ordinance No. 233, s. 2001 – impose charges in

special garbage collection.Ordinance No. 242, s. 2001 – Annual waste

Management Seminar to establishment.

SERVICES

• Garbage collection and disposal• Transfer station• Road washing / flushing• Waste management lectures / seminars• Dismantling of posts / billboards• Provision of arm roll containers• Special trips

SERVICES

• Public announcement through garbage truck• Post-disaster rehabilitation• Separate Collection of:

- Oversized or extra ordinary waste- Yard waste - Construction wastes- Tires & rubber

- Used cooking oil

SERVICES

• Grass cutting• Waste Segregation• Balik – Baterya Program• Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

Includes the solid waste transfer station or sorting station; to ensure the protection of public health and environment and also to encourage resources conservation, recovery and its target on waste reduction , through source reduction and waste minimization measures including composting, recycling, reuse, recovery and others.

SERVICES

• Eco-savers programThe program aims to educate children and

ultimately gets them to practice the R’s of ecological waste management which are Reduce, Reuse, Repair and Recycle. The City Government believes that one of the better ways of getting this program possible is thru school children.

• Buy Back CenterIt refers to a recycling center that purchases or

otherwise accepts recyclable materials from the public for the purpose of recovering such materials

WASTE SEGREGATION PROGRAM

• Segregate Garbage in to two types: Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable.

• Schedule of Garbage Collection:Biodegradable / Non-recyclable ---- Green truckNon-biodegradable / Recyclable ---- Pink truck