Solar_energy_The Least Cost Route

7/31/2019 Solar_energy_The Least Cost Route

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Solar Power-Through Least

Cost Route

Part-I

Sharing What You AlreadyKnow About PV Power


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Light & Radiant Heat From the Sunthat Influences Climate & Weather

Naturally Replenished - RenewableEnergy Source

Also Referred to as Solar Power OrPhotovoltaic (PV) Solar: ElectricityGenerated From Solar Radiation

Solar Energy


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Types of Solar PV Systems

Power from the SolarSystem is Added to theNormal Home Power SupplySupplied by the UtilityCompany

Grid Interconnected


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Types of Solar PV SystemsSystem

Components


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System ComponentsRoof MountedPhotovoltaic (PV) Panels

DC EnergyAC EnergyInverter

Solar Junction Box

Electric Meter
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ramblinwithrasdal.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/electricmeter1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://gazetteonline.com/bloggers/ramblin-with-rasdal/2009/04/07/read-your-own-meter&usg=__wZz6zUaKOZJVEgasNPJ9n7UQyTw=&h=640&w=612&sz=106&hl=en&start=170&um=1&tbnid=wyejNKziclq_qM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Delectric%2Bmeters%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4LENT_enUS316US316%26sa%3DN%26start%3D162%26um%3D1http://www.dmsolar.com/solar-module-1156.html


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Grid Inter-Tied with Battery Backup

System - Similar to Previous System with

the Addition of a Battery Bank to StorePower Generated from Solar Panels


7/86Types of Solar PV Systems



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How Solar PV Systems Work

Panels Contain PVCells Made of Semi-conductive MaterialsSuch as Silicon

The Cells Form Layers/

Wafers & Contain aPositive Side &Negative Side


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Photovoltaic Panels

Photo Means LightVoltaic Means Electricity

Also Commonly

Referred to as PV Panels


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How Solar PV Systems WorkElectric ConductorsAttached to Panel

Sides Form ElectricCircuit

Sunlight EnergyExcites Electrons &

Knock Them Loose

Conductors CaptureEnergy Creating anElectrical Current


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How Solar PV Systems WorksDirect CurrentElectrical Energy is

Produced

Power Is Combinedin a Combiner Box

Or CombinationBox & Sent toInverter


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How Solar PV Systems WorksInverter: Changes DCto AC

Information such asPower Level, EnergyProduction, & Fault

Messages canUsually be ObservedHere


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How Solar PV Systems Works

Combiner Box



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Combiner Box

Conduit to Inverter

Note: Always ConsiderThisHOT


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Alternating Current (AC) isDistributed to House ServicePanel for Use. Excess Poweris Transported Back Throughthe Utility Meter


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MountingBolts

Solar Panel Mounting Systems


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Grid Tracks

http://www.solarkent.co.uk/installation%202/images/P1000321_JPG.jpghttp://www.solarkent.co.uk/installation%202/images/P1000296_JPG.jpg


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Flat Roof Mounting Systems

Weighted or

BallastedSystem


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Bolted

Through orAnchoredSystem


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Integrated Roof Systems

Virtually impossible to tell from the ground.

This is why preplanning is so important.


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Preplanning is Essential

Some

SystemsUnidentifiablefrom Street


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SystemsDiffer


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Disconnect

LocationsVary


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PV HazardsShock Hazards

Batteries

Roof Collapse

Trip hazards

Roof Ventilation


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ShockPrimary Firefighter Danger

Maximum Voltage Of ASolar Panel System: 600Volts(Low Voltage)

PV Hazards

Note: Nearly 300 workers die yearlyfrom low voltage electricalincidents


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Shock

PV Hazards

Note: Unlike fire, which produces burns ina relatively predictable manner,electricity can strike unsuspectingvictims sometimes fatally!

Momentary Contact With LowDC Voltages May Produce:

Continuous ShockThermal Injury

Ventricular Fibrillation


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Inhalation

PV Hazards

ProtectYourselvesUse YourSCBA


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Batteries

PV Hazards

Note:NEVER USE WATERtoExtinguish lead-acid batteryfires - Use CO2or DryChemical

As a Rule, Batteries Burnwith Great Difficulty

Batteries Exposed to FireGenerate ExtremelyCorrosive Fumes & Gases


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Roof Collapse

PV Hazards

PV Panel 35 lbs

Modules & RackingHardware4 lbs/ft2

Normal Dwelling -40 Panels

35#Each

1,400 PoundsTotal Added Dead

Load to RoofSystem

Approx. Weights


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Other Hazards

PV Hazards

Trip Hazards


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Electrical Hazards

PV Hazards

PV WiringHarness is

CONSIDEREDALWAYS HOT


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Roof Operations Hazards

PV Hazards

During Daytime Firefighting OperationsPV Panels Are Still Generating Electricity

Do Not Cut Into Or Walk Across Panels

Do Not Break Protective Glass

All Energy In Entire System Could Be

Released At Break Point


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Roof Ventilation

PV Hazards

Ventilate The Highest Point Over TheFire Without Cutting Through The PV

Array (other side of the roof)

Flat Roofs With Complete PV Coverage

Horizontal With Supplemental

Hydraulic & Positive PressureVentilation


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Firefighting Operations

The IC Must Notify

Firefighters of thePresence of Solar Arrays


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Firefighting OperationsLock & Tag Out Array at

InverterDC Disconnect

Main Electrical Panel


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Use Class CExtinguishing Agents-CO2Or Dry Chemical

PV Array Fire

CAUTION:SYSTEM IS ENERGIZED


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Firefighting OperationsRoof Fire


Use Water Fog Patternon the PV Array


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Remember

TreatAll Systems

as EnergizedRegardless of Timeof Day

!


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Remember

!You Cannot Effectively Block

All The Sunlight WithSalvage Covers, Foam, orTarps During Day Time

Operations and Declare ThePV System Safe


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Remember

!Use of spotlights during anevening operation may bebright enough to generateelectricity from the PV

system


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PV Technology AdvancementsPV Integrated Shingles


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SummaryKnow Where Buildings With PV Systems Are LocatedIn You District.

Preplan Preplan Preplan

Treat PV System Components As Always Energized

Adjust Your Firefighting Tactics Accordingly

Additional Information:

www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/Research/FFTacticsSolarPower.pdf


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Remember

!The Systems, Drawings and Picturesdepicted in this Presentation are usedfor discussion purposes only. PVSystems and their Components varyin design, and appearance. It isimperative that Your Departmentbecome familiar with the systemsinstalled in your community.


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!Coordination between your FireDepartment and your

municipalities' Building and FireCode Officials is Essential toidentifying and understanding thePV Systems installed in your

Community!


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Power from the SolarSystem is Added to theNormal Home Power SupplySupplied by the Utility

Company

Grid Interconnected


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Types of Solar PV SystemsSystemComponents


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Types of Solar PV SystemsSystem Components

Roof Mounted

Photovoltaic (PV) Panels

DC EnergyAC EnergyInverter

Solar Junction Box

Electric Meter
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ramblinwithrasdal.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/electricmeter1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://gazetteonline.com/bloggers/ramblin-with-rasdal/2009/04/07/read-your-own-meter&usg=__wZz6zUaKOZJVEgasNPJ9n7UQyTw=&h=640&w=612&sz=106&hl=en&start=170&um=1&tbnid=wyejNKziclq_qM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Delectric%2Bmeters%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4LENT_enUS316US316%26sa%3DN%26start%3D162%26um%3D1http://www.dmsolar.com/solar-module-1156.html


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System - Similar to Previous System withthe Addition of a Battery Bank to Store

Power Generated from Solar Panels


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How Solar PV Systems WorkPanels Contain PVCells Made of Semi-

conductive MaterialsSuch as Silicon

The Cells Form Layers/Wafers & Contain aPositive Side &Negative Side


51/86


Photovoltaic Panels

Photo Means LightVoltaic Means Electricity

Also Commonly

Referred to as PV Panels


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How Solar PV Systems WorkElectric ConductorsAttached to Panel

Sides Form ElectricCircuit

Sunlight EnergyExcites Electrons &

Knock Them LooseConductors CaptureEnergy Creating anElectrical Current


53/86

How Solar PV Systems WorksDirect CurrentElectrical Energy is

Produced

Power Is Combinedin a Combiner Box

Or CombinationBox & Sent toInverter


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How Solar PV Systems WorksInverter: Changes DCto AC

Information such asPower Level, EnergyProduction, & Fault

Messages canUsually be ObservedHere


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Combiner Box



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Combiner Box

Conduit to Inverter

Note: Always ConsiderThisHOT


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Alternating Current (AC) isDistributed to House ServicePanel for Use. Excess Power

is Transported Back Throughthe Utility Meter


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MountingBolts



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Grid Tracks

http://www.solarkent.co.uk/installation%202/images/P1000321_JPG.jpghttp://www.solarkent.co.uk/installation%202/images/P1000296_JPG.jpg


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Weighted or

BallastedSystem


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Bolted

Through orAnchoredSystem


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Integrated Roof Systems

Virtually impossible to tell from the ground.

This is why preplanning is so important.


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Some

SystemsUnidentifiablefrom Street


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SystemsDiffer


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Disconnect

LocationsVary


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PV HazardsShock Hazards

Batteries

Roof Collapse

Trip hazards

Roof Ventilation


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ShockPrimary Firefighter Danger

Maximum Voltage Of ASolar Panel System: 600Volts(Low Voltage)

PV Hazards

Note: Nearly 300 workers die yearlyfrom low voltage electricalincidents


68/86

Shock

PV Hazards

Note: Unlike fire, which produces burns ina relatively predictable manner,electricity can strike unsuspectingvictims sometimes fatally!

Momentary Contact With LowDC Voltages May Produce:

Continuous ShockThermal Injury

Ventricular Fibrillation


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Inhalation

PV Hazards

ProtectYourselves

Use YourSCBA


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Batteries

PV Hazards

Note:NEVER USE WATERtoExtinguish lead-acid batteryfires - Use CO2or DryChemical

As a Rule, Batteries Burnwith Great Difficulty

Batteries Exposed to FireGenerate ExtremelyCorrosive Fumes & Gases


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Roof Collapse

PV Hazards

PV Panel 35 lbs

Modules & RackingHardware4 lbs/ft2

Normal Dwelling -40 Panels

35#Each

1,400 PoundsTotal Added DeadLoad to RoofSystem

Approx. Weights


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Other Hazards

PV Hazards

Trip Hazards


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Electrical Hazards

PV Hazards

PV WiringHarness is

CONSIDEREDALWAYS HOT


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Roof Operations Hazards

PV Hazards

During Daytime Firefighting OperationsPV Panels Are Still Generating Electricity

Do Not Cut Into Or Walk Across Panels

Do Not Break Protective Glass

All Energy In Entire System Could Be

Released At Break Point


75/86

Roof Ventilation

PV Hazards

Ventilate The Highest Point Over TheFire Without Cutting Through The PV

Array (other side of the roof)

Flat Roofs With Complete PV Coverage

Horizontal With Supplemental

Hydraulic & Positive PressureVentilation


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The IC Must NotifyFirefighters of thePresence of Solar Arrays


77/86

Firefighting OperationsLock & Tag Out Array at

Inverter

DC Disconnect

Main Electrical Panel


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Use Class CExtinguishing Agents-CO2Or Dry Chemical

PV Array Fire



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Firefighting OperationsRoof Fire


Use Water Fog Patternon the PV Array


80/86

Remember

TreatAll Systemsas Energized

Regardless of Timeof Day

!


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Remember

!You Cannot Effectively Block

All The Sunlight WithSalvage Covers, Foam, orTarps During Day Time

Operations and Declare ThePV System Safe


82/86

Remember

!Use of spotlights during an

evening operation may bebright enough to generateelectricity from the PV

system


83/86

PV Technology AdvancementsPV Integrated Shingles


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SummaryKnow Where Buildings With PV Systems Are LocatedIn You District.

Preplan Preplan PreplanTreat PV System Components As Always Energized

Adjust Your Firefighting Tactics Accordingly

Additional Information:www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/Research/FFTacticsSolarPower.pdf


85/86

Remember

!The Systems, Drawings and Picturesdepicted in this Presentation are used

for discussion purposes only. PVSystems and their Components varyin design, and appearance. It isimperative that Your Department

become familiar with the systemsinstalled in your community.


86/86

!Coordination between your FireDepartment and yourmunicipalities' Building and FireCode Officials is Essential toidentifying and understanding thePV Systems installed in your

Community!

Documents

Solar_energy_The Least Cost Route