Upload
others
View
5
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Solar shading
REHVA Guidebook 12
presentation at 12th Annual Engineers
Association workshop Lisboa on Oct 25th
Originally prepared by Wouter Beck, Hunter
Douglas, editor of the Guidebook
Presented by Olli Seppänen
Member of the Solar Shading Task Force
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
2
Author affiliations
• Wouter Beck, Hunter
Douglas, NL
• Dick Dolmans, ES-SO,
Belgium
• Gonzague Dutoo, Dickson
Constant, France
• Anders Hall, Somfy Nordic,
Sweden
• Olli Seppänen, Finland,
(REHVA)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
3
Task force Solar Shading
started 2008
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
4
Table of Contents • Terminology
• Solar radiation
• Effect of windows on indoor environment
• Window systems
• Energy effects of solar shading
• How to choose a shading solution
• Automating and integrating solar shading
• Existing buildings
• Double-skin facades
• Maintenance of solar shading systems
• Cases
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Solar radiation
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
6
Solar radiation
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
7
Solar angles Lisboa 39, Porto 41degrees N
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
8
Solar irradiance on a façade
(lat. 50 N, clear sky)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
9
Solar irradiance on a façade
(lat. 50 N, clear sky)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
10
Solar irradiance on a façade
(lat. 50 N, clear sky)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Effect of windows on indoor
environment
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
12
Effect of windows on indoor
environment
• Thermal comfort
• Visual comfort
• Acoustic comfort
• Indoor air quality
• Daylighting
• Impact of productivity
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
13
Thermal comfort
• Air temperature
• Radiant
temperature
• Operative
temperature
• Relation to
office
worker
productivity
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
14
Visual comfort
• Contact with the outdoors
• Absolute brightness
• Luminance ratios
• Color rendition
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
15
Effect of good visual comfort
• 3.75% median productivity increase [CMU]
• 20 to 25% less health complaints [Hartkopf]
• 15% reduced absenteeism [Thayer]
• 10 to 25% better performance on test of mental function
• 20 to 26% faster progress of students [Heshong]
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
16
Too high difference in
luminance
Photo Somfy
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
17
Solar shading reduces the
differences aceptable
Photo Somfy
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
18
The economic impact of
productivity
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Window systems
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
20
Energy flows
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
21
Glazing properties depend on the
wave lenght • Thermal transmittance U [W/m2K]
• Light transmittance Tv [-]
• g-value [-]
• T=transmittance, R=reflectance, A= absorbtance
Standard double galazing Solar control glazing
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
22
Indicative properties
convection loads
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
23
Cooling loads – no shading
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
24
Cooling load – exterior shading
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
25
Surface temperature interior window pane
under peak load conditions – no shading
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
26
Surface temperature interior window
pane under peak load conditions –
exterior shading
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Energy effects
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
28
Energy effects of solar
shading
• Orientation dependent energy balance of an office for
• Stockholm
• Amsterdam
• Madrid
• Three glazing types
• Standard double glazing (U = 2.9 W/m2K)
• Low-e (U = 1.2 W/m2K)
• Solar control glazing (U = 1.1 W/m2K)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
29
Standard office • dimension 3.6 x 5 x 3 m
• ventilation 1.5 dm3/m2s
• infiltration 0.1 ACH
• daylight dependent lighting 500 lx
• max. internal load art. lighting 12 W/m2
• internal loads people 10 W/m2
• internal loads equipment 15 W/m2
• thermostat cooling 25/30 ºC (8-18/otherwise)
• thermostat heating 21/15 ºC (8-18/otherwise)
• shading set point 200 W/m2
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Effect of solar shading on energy use,
Madrid weather data
Green=primary energy, blue=heat removed from room,
red=heating of room, yellow=elctricity for lighting
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Cooling load reduction by
solar glazing and shading
Cooling load for a model office in Madrid, Spain (latitude 40 degrees north ) depending on
window orientation. Solid lines represent cooling loads without shading and the broken lines
with external venetian blind shading. Red lines represent clear double glazing (g=0.75),
yellow low-e glazing (g=0.64) and blue solar control glazing (g=0.32).
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
32
std. double
low-e
solar ctrl
Reduction in primary energy use for heating,
cooling and lighting through shading, Madrid
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
33
Cost benefit analysis of solar
shading, Madrid weather
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Cases
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
35
Trafalgar House, Croydon
Concrete Walls
Anti-Glare Blinds Internally
Rain Screen
CladdingExtract Duct
Exposed Concrete Slab
Radiators Supply Duct
Automatic
opening vent
behind
louvres
Automatic
opening
window
Aerofoils
Concrete Walls
Anti-Glare Blinds Internally
Rain Screen
CladdingExtract Duct
Exposed Concrete Slab
Radiators Supply Duct
Automatic
opening vent
behind
louvres
Automatic
opening
window
Aerofoils
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
36
Appendices
• EU standards concerning shutters
and blinds
• Specification example
• Matrix of responsibilities
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
37
Reviewers
• Prof. Jan Hensen, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
• Prof. Mat Santamouris, University of Athens, Greece
• Hervé Lamy, SNFPSA, Paris, France
• Prof. Michael G Hutchins, Sonnergy Ltd, Abingdon, UK
• Dr. Thanos Tzempelikos, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
38
Acknowledgements
• Ellen Kohl (Warema),
• Maaike Berckmoes (Scheldebouw-Permasteelisa),
• Risto Kosonen (Halton),
• Bernard Gilmont (European Aluminium Association),
• Maija Virta (Halton),
• Prof. Dirk Saelens (Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
• Prof. Zoltan Magyar (University of Pécs, Hungary)