Solar Pv Pumping Survey

8/13/2019 Solar Pv Pumping Survey

1/28

Application of Solar PV based Pumping for

irrigation: A survey Report

Submitted by

Amit Desai (08D17008)

Guide: Prof. Anand B. Rao

Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Powai, Mumbai 400 076

December 2012


2/28

Abstract

Water pumping is an energy intensive activity and consumes a large amount diesel and

electricity. Solar energy, which is abundantly available in India, can be used for pumping water

via Solar-PV technology. In this study, we try to understand the performance of the alreadydeployed solar PV water pumps in the Mumbai and Thane area. The sites we visited included

solar pumps installed under Govt. schemes such as the GSDA and installations by private clubs

in both rural and urban areas. Along with the analysis of performance, various socio-economic

aspects of the surrounding communities are also looked at. Based on our findings, we have come

up with a list of recommendations mainly focused on development of community knowledge and

greater accountability from the vendors. Along with these recommendations, future work should

involve gathering of reliable data for analyzing the performance and operation of the pump and a

sizing mechanism as well as a pump-type selection framework.


3/28


4/28

ii

List of Figures

Figure 2-1 Configuration of a solar PV powered pumping system .............................................................. 4

Figure 2-2 Surface Centrifugal Pump ........................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2-3 A typical 'cut-down' pump .......................................................................................................... 6Figure 3-1 Solar Panel at Ujjaini................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 3-2Storage tank at Ujjaini ................................................................................................................ 13

Figure 3-3 Hand Pump at Ujjaini ................................................................................................................ 14

Figure 3-4 Solar panel at Avade ................................................................................................................. 15

Figure 3-5 Control Unit at Avade ............................................................................................................... 15

Figure 3-6 Solar Panel at Angav ................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 3-7 Solar panel at Joggers park ........................................................................................................ 17


5/28

1

1 Introduction1.1 MotivationUnlike conventional diesel or electrical pumps, solar photovoltaic (PV) pumps are powered by

an array of solar panels. Solar PV pumps are designed to operate on DC power produced by solar

panels. These pumps are gaining popularity all over the world, especially in the areas where

electricity is either unavailable or unreliable. Solar PV pumps are becoming a preferred choice in

remote locations to replace hand-pumps, grid-connected electrical pumps and diesel pumps. In

such places, solar PV pumps are even viable economically in comparison to conventionally run

pumps.

Solar water pumps were first introduced for water provision in off-grid areas. The technology

has developed around many different designs and in some water pumps the reliability and

maintenance requirements have improved over the initial pumps introduced to the market. Solar

pumps are easy to install, require no nonrenewable energy, operate autonomously and are

generally good for the sustainability of boreholes due to their low extraction volumes spread

over eight to ten hours a day. The initial capital cost is high due to the cost of the photovoltaic

modules. The maintenance requirements differ and range between annual and five year

maintenance intervals. A perceived limiting factor of solar pumps is that they do not easily cater

for fluctuating water demands or increased water demand although solutions for this are being

offered.

As the initial capital cost is very high, the buying behavior for solar pumps can be classified into

a few categories:

1. High-income individuals setting up a solar pump for personal or commercial use, mostly inoff-grid locations

2. Government funded schemes which install solar pumps for both drinking and irrigationrequirements in locations with either no-electricity or unreliable supply.

3. Co-operative societies or groups that want to install solar pumps- these can be in both off-grid locations and urban locations with reliable supply.

The aim of this study is to understand the basics of solar PV pumps and interact with the relevantstakeholders within the aforementioned 3 categories. We also list down the learning outcomes of

the field visits to better understand the socio-economic aspects of future possible installations.


6/28

2

1.2 ObjectiveThe objective of this study is

1. To understand the basics of solar-PV based pumps

2. To identify manufacturers, vendors/ suppliers, and customers using solar PV pump sets

3. To understand the issues involved in these applications through interaction with the

stakeholders and field visits

1.3 Structure of the reportSections 2 begins with a basic overview of the technology behind the solar PV water pumps

veering aspects like pump sizing and selection. This is followed by a review of the challenges

being faced by solar pumps based on international research findings. The next part deals withsolar pumps in India. The next section describes the field visits to the 3 different kinds of

installations and lists down key points of interest. The next section summarizes the key findings

and learning outcomes from these visits. Finally we end with recommendations based on these

findings and future work.


7/28

3

2 Literature Survey2.1 Understanding the Technology2.1.1 Main ComponentsA solar pump typically consists of the following main components (Figure 2-1):

Photovoltaic array:An array of photovoltaic modules connected in series and possibly strings

of modules connected in parallel.

Controller:An electronic device which matches the PV power to the motor and regulates the

operation, starting and stopping of the PVP. The controller is mostly installed on the surfacealthough some PVPs have the controller integrated in the submersible motor-pump set:

1. DC controller: usually based on a DC to DC controller with fixed voltage setpoint operation.2. AC controller (inverter): converts DC electricity from the array to alternating current

electricity often with maximum power point tracking.

3. Electric motor: There are a number of motor types: DC brushed, DC brushless, or three phaseinduction and three phase permanent magnet synchronous motors.

4. Pump: The most common pump types are the helical rotor pump (also referred to asprogressive cavity), the diaphragm pump, the piston pump and the centrifugal pump.

There are currently three pumping configurations that are the most common:

1. DC drives with positive displacement pumps. This consists of four pump technologies:a.Diaphragm pump driven by brushed DC motor: Submersible motor/pumpb.Helical rotor pump driven by brushless DC motor: Submersible motor/pumpc.Helical rotor pump driven by surface mounted brushed DC motord.Piston pump driven by surface mounted brushed DC motor pump.

2. AC drive powering a submersible induction motor/centrifugal pump unit3. AC drives powering a three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. This category

consists of:

a. Positive displacement helical rotor pump

b. Centrifugal pump


8/28

4

The above technologies have specific features which make them suitable for particular

applications:

1. Array voltage: Some of the pumping systems have high array voltages. This has theadvantage that the array may be further from the borehole without significant voltage drop

(dependent on cable size and current). Array positioning may be important where there is

potential for theft.

2. DC motors:DC motors reach efficiencies of up to 80% and are therefore significantly moreefficient than sub-kW three phase motors which have efficiencies in the region of 60% to

65%.

3. Brushless DC motors: This combines the high efficiency of DC motors with lowmaintenance as opposed to brushed DC motors which require regular brush replacement(approximately every one to two yearshead and quality dependent).

4. Three phase permanent magnet motors: This similarly combines the high efficiency ofpermanent magnet motors with low maintenance.

Figure 2-1 Configuration of a solar PV powered pumping system (Ref-[1])


9/28

5

2.1.2 Types of PumpsSurface Centrifugal Pump

Surface pump are suitable for areas where the water level is within 7m below ground level. Asurface or centrifugal pump is normally placed at ground level. The pump is suitable for

pumping from shallow bore wells, open wells, reservoirs, lakes & canals. The solar pump driven

by a permanent DC motor is connected directly to an array of solar panels. The pump has a total

dynamic head (suction plus delivery) of 14m. the maximum suction head is 7m or 22 feet. The

pump will not work if the water table is below 7m in depth. (Figure 2-2)

It is possible to increase the delivery head if the suction head is less 7m. This enables one to

pump water even from deep wells, by installing the pump inside the well; called cut-down.

(Figure 2-3)

These pumps are designed for high flow rates and low heads. The permanent magnet DC motor

driving the surface pump is powered by a matching solar array to maximize efficiency. An

enclosed impeller design ensures smooth operation. Made of cast iron, these pumps are finished

with anti-corrosive primer, followed by silver colored polyutherene paint.

Figure 2-2 Surface Centrifugal Pump (Ref-[2])


10/28

6

Figure 2-3 A typical 'cut-down' pump (Ref-[2])

Submersible Pump

A submersible pump is one that is immersed in water. It pumps water by displacement.

Submersible pumps are suited both to deep well and to surface water sources. Most deep wells

use submersible pumps. These pumps are costlier but have a longer life and greater reliability

than surface pumps.

These pumps are designed for high head and medium flow application. They multi-stage pump

and high efficiency micro-controller based inverter. The inverter optimizes the power input and

thus enhances the overall system efficiency.

Choice of Pump: A comparison

Positive displacement pumps have a better daily delivery than centrifugal pumps when driven by

a solar PV system with its characteristic variable power supply. This is due to the considerable

drop in efficiency of the centrifugal pump when operating away from its design speed. This is

the case in the morning and the afternoon of a centrifugal pump driven by a PV array, unless that

array tracks the sun (which is why centrifugal PVPs effectiveness improves more with a tracking

array than a positive displacement PVP). The efficiency curve of a positive displacement pump

is flatter over a range of speeds. However the efficiency of positive displacement pumps

decreases with the shallowness of the borehole (the constant fixed friction losses become a more

significant part of the power it takes to lift water) [3].


11/28

7

2.2 The current scenarioFor stand-alone (no utility interconnection) water pumping- systems there have been papers

published comparing diesel powered water pumping systems to solar-PV water pumping

systems [4-5]. There are also papers on modeling and field testing of solar pumps in different

locations in the world [6-8]. Several papers have been written on the performance of PV water

pumping systems including the following:

1. Performance of PV powered diaphragm pump [9-10].2. Fixed versus passive tracking PV panels [11-12].3. Performance of PV powered centrifugal pump [13].4. Performance of a PV powered helical pump [14].

Based on the case studies available through field testing done in multiple locations around theworld, the advantages and limitations of solar pumping systems can be summarised as:

2.2.1 Advantages1. Low operating cost: One of the important advantages is the negligible operating cost of the

pump. Since there is no fuel required for the pump like electricity or diesel, the operating cost

is minimal.

2. Low maintenance: A well-designed solar system requires little maintenance beyond cleaningof the panels once a week. Most vendors provide the post-installation service through trained

technicians for every cluster, so that the farmers dont need to worry about availability ofspares or other related problems.

3. Harmonious with nature: Another important advantage is that it gives maximum water outputwhen it is most needed i.e. in hot and dry months. Slow solar pumping allows us to utilize

low-yield water sources.

4. Flexibility: The panels need not be right beside the well. They can be anywhere up to 20meters! 60 feet away from the well, or anywhere you need the water. So, it offers freedom

regarding the placement of panels. These pumps can also be turned on and off as per the

requirement, provided the period between two operations is more than 30 seconds.


12/28

8

2.2.2 Limitations1. Low yield: Solar pumping is not suitable where the requirement is very high. The maximum

capacity available with solar is very low. However, the output of the solar DC pump is morethan a normal pump.

2. Variable yield: The water yield of the solar pump changes according to the sunlight. It ishighest around noon and least in the early morning and evening. This variability should be

taken into consideration while planning the irrigation.

3. Dry operation: The submersible pump has an in-built protection against dry run. However,the surface pumps are very sensitive to dry run. A dry run of 15 minutes or more can cause

considerable damage to a surface pump.

4. Water quality: As with any other pump, solar pumps work best if the water is clean, devoidof sand or mud. However, if the water is not so clean, it is advisable to clean the well before

installation or use a good filter at the end of the immersed pipe.

5. Theft: Theft of solar panels can be a problem in some areas. So the farmers need to takenecessary precautions. Ideally, the solar system should insured against theft as well as natural

hazards like lightning.

2.3 Solar water pumping in IndiaAlmost 70% of Indias population depends on agriculture either direc tly or indirectly [3]. While

44% of the 140 million sown hectares depend on irrigation, the rest relies on the monsoons.

Irrigation, therefore, is essential for good crop yield [3]. Most electrical consumption in thissector goes towards operating pump sets for irrigation. In 20067, Indias agricultural sector

accounted for 22% of the total electricity consumption, up from 10% in the 1970s. There are

about 21 million irrigation pump sets in India, of which about 9 million are run on diesel and the

rest are grid-based [3]. Grid electricity for agriculture in India is provided at very low tariffs in

most cases, flat rates are charged based on the ratings of the pump. This is largely due to

logistical difficulties faced with metering and charge collection. But this practice of providing

electricity to farmers at highly subsidized rates has led to increasingly high consumption patterns

and widespread use of inefficient pumps across the nation. Also, pumps of lower ratings are used

to power applications requiring higher power. These factors, among others, have led to an

invidious irrigationenergy nexus. Apart from this, limited and unreliable supply of grid

electricity has led to farmers extensive dependence on diesel for water pumping. In addressing

this challenge, the efforts of the Gujarat government are noteworthy. They introduced the

Jyotigram Yojana, a programme that seeks to provide a reliable supply of power for agricultural

and domestic purposes in rural areas


13/28

9

The MNRE has a programme for the deployment of various solar PV applications, including

water pumping systems. However, the deployment has been sparse thus far, with only 7,334

solar PV water pumps having been installed across the country as of March 2010 [3]. Water

demand for irrigation is correlated to bright sunny days. Hence, solar-based pumps make sense.

Even so, small buffer storage might be needed to replace diesel satisfactorily. A solar PV water

pumping system consists of a PV array, motor pump and power conditioning equipment, if

needed. The power conditioning equipment is used to stabilize the fluctuating electrical energy

output of the array. Depending on the total dynamic head and the required flow rate of water, the

pumping system can either be on the surface or submersible and the motor can run on either

alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). For AC pumping systems an inverter is required.

Ratings of pump sets are chosen depending on the water requirements, size of field, total

dynamic head, type of irrigation (drip irrigation, use of sprinklers), etc.

The key barrier to the large-scale dissemination of solar PV water pumps is the high capital cost

incurred by farmers compared to the much lower capital cost of conventional pumps. Solar PV isa competitive option in the face of diesel, its adoption being contingent on the ease of access to

subsidies. Another factor to be considered is the space requirement for the installation of a solar

PV pump set. This factor limits adoption by small-scale farmers to whom land availability is a

major


14/28


15/28

11

Figure 3-1 Solar Panel at Ujjaini

Figure 3-2 Storage tank at Ujjaini


16/28

12

If we look at the socio-economic situation of the hamlet, it was connected to the grid only very

recently. We also came to know about a case where the villagers felt that they had been over-

charged in the electricity bill and had not consumed the said number of units. The meter installed

at the home was also not transparent. Although it might well be the case that the previous debts

were being shown in the bill. On the whole however, it seems that the solar pump is working to

the satisfaction of the people here.

Figure 3-3 Hand Pump at Ujjaini

The pump installed at Avade (Figure 3-4 and 3-5) was installed after a proposal for the same was

submitted by the Sarpanch to the GSDA and under their scheme, the funds were released. Thepump is being implemented to supply water for only a part of the village where most of the

households earn their living through farming. The irrigation pumps are run using electricity,

while the solar pump provides for the drinking water through tank storage. The pump set-up here

consisted of the panel and an AC-DC converter along with automated ON/OFF switches. The

people here were also satisfied with the performance although they had to pay Rs. 60/month as

water-tax.


17/28

13

Figure 3-4 Solar panel at Avade

Figure 3-5 Control Unit at Avade

The third location, Angav (Figure 3-6) is considerably closer to a semi-urban setting. The solar

pump here was installed in 2011 and supplied drinking water to around 30 households

(population of 150). Although most of the characteristics here are similar to the other location,

the most important thing we noticed was that the panel fittings had started to rust and the terms

of this being covered in the warranty are not clear as such since it only talks about the

performance of the system. The people here were also satisfied with the installation claiming that

it takes only 2-3 hours for the tank to get filled up.


18/28

14

Figure 3-6 Solar Panel at Angav

3.2 Rotary Club Joggers park, Vile Parle, MumbaiThe solar pump installed at the rotary club joggers park (Figure 3-7), is an example of an

installation in an urban setting. The installation was taken up as a project initiative by the club

itself in the year 2010-11. The total park area is roughly 3.5 acres and is open for public use for

health and recreation purposes. The pump was installed in September itself and has been

working well. The technical details of the pump can be seen in Appendix II.

The water for the park is supplied by the BMC which is stored in an underground tank and the

pump drives the water through the sprinklers spread across the park. Before the installation, the

system use to run on grid electricity with 4-5 hours of operation. The solar panel is not connected

to a battery and instead directly powers the pump and hence operates during the day time when

the sunlight is sufficient.

Along with the solar panel for water pumping, an additional solar panel has also been installed

for running the lights in the park and functions separately through a battery system.


19/28


20/28

16

3.3 BMC Cement Storage and Engineering Projects buildingThe site refers to the BMC printing press, cement godown and engineering projects office, in

Byculla, Mumbai. As such, this is also an example of an installation in an urban setting.

Since the concerned authorities were a little reluctant in sharing all the details of the project, the

exact nature of the origins of this set-up are unknown. The pump was installed roughly around

June 2012, to replace a 5hp pump being run on electricity. The new pump installed was a

submersible pump being run on solar panels that have been placed on the terrace of the building.

The pump is used to drive the water from the underground water tank (water provided through

BMC) to the overhead tank placed on the terrace itself (roughly 70 feet) from where it is used for

drinking purposes in the building. The technical details of the pump can be seen in Appendix III.

The technicians working there have no role to play in the functioning of the solar pump as it

completely automated. Although it was noticed that even cleaning of the solar panel was not

being done, as the layers of dust were visible. The authorities claimed that the pump is able to fill

up the tank in roughly 5-6 hours. The pump is driven directly by the solar panel and has no

battery system.


21/28

17

4 Conclusions and Learning OutcomesBased on our findings through the case studies, the learning outcomes can be summarized as

follows:

1. With the implementation of community based management, the community takes ownershipof the water supply installation and becomes responsible for the operational costs. When a

solar pump system is installed then the community does not collect money as there are no

operational costs. This leads to a crisis when the system requires a service or replacement

after a few years of operation. Hence the system of collecting a water tax seems more

suitable.

2. The use of batteries can be replaced by having a larger water storage system in the form of atank. In our experience, we discovered from the local people that even in cloudy conditions,

the pump was able to fill up the tank, which is a positive sign for shifting towards tank

storage rather than battery storage.

3. Corrosion is a major problem for the pump as well as the panel holdings. Corrosionprevention measures can be installed so that the pump casing is not corroded.

4. Solar pumps do not utilize boreholes to the full extent a borehole with a safe yield of5m3/hour will deliver more in 8 hours when pumped with a diesel engine than with a solar

pump. It is understood that tracking will provide a better utilization factor but still not the

same capacity as diesel.

5. The perception of the people still remains that solar pumps are high capital cost and as suchare only a viable option in case of support from larger organizations like a farmer community

or the government.

6. There is no focus on developing technical skill among the people using the system on a dailybasis and in case of any issues; the company has to be contacted. In case of areas that are not

easily accessible, this becomes a huge problem as the drinking water is an essential

commodity.

7. Maintenance tasks such as cleaning of the panels or operation on a daily basis along withpassive tracking should be assigned exclusively to designated people to ensure smooth

operation.

8. Contrary to popular perception, even urban settings provide for feasible deployment of solarpumps, mainly when the quantity of water to be pumped and stored is larger in quantity, thus

making it more economically feasible.


22/28

18

5 Recommendations1. As seen in the system installed at Ujjaini, passive tracking is low-cost alternative to

continuous tracking when there is enough performance for the required operation. This is

much better than a fixed position of the panel and will improve efficiency considerable only

at the cost of involvement of local people in operation of the movement.

2. The choice of pump in terms of AC or DC has to be looked at more closely to understand thetrade-off involved in cost, availability, performance, stability and reliability of the motors

versus the cost of a DC-AC converter.

3. The inclusion of a float switch in the system will lead to automated management of the waterlevel and as such will give clear indication of the tank level along with reducing the need for

an operator.

4. Focus should be on developing awareness about the option of solar pumps through schemesfunded by the government. As we saw in the case of Avade, the initiative by local

administration is very important.

5. Resources should also be allocated towards developing technical understanding and skillsamong the local people to reduce dependency on services provided by the company.

6. Steps should be taken to build a database of the operation timings of the pump along with theperformance in terms of level of water in tank to better understand the performance of

combinations of systems in diverse settings.

7. The issues of proper sizing of pumps should be dealt with more rigorously to understand thedrivers of successful operation in a given situation.


23/28

19

6 References[1] Image taken from www.solarpump.com

[2] Image taken from www.morispumps.com

[3] A report on Solar PV Applications in India, published by Center for Study of Science, Technology

and Policy (2006-07)

[4] Odeh, I, Yohanis, Y.G., and Norton, B. Economic viability of photovoltaic water pumping systems.

Solar Energy 80 [2006], pp. 850-860, www.sciencedirect.com

[5] Kamel, K. and Dahl, C. The economics of hybrid power systems for sustainable desert agriculture in

Egypt. Solar Energy [2005], pp. 1271-1281, www.sciencedirect.com

[6] Cuadros, F., Lopez-Rodriguez, F., Marcos, A. and Coello, J. A procedure to size solar-powered

irrigation [photoirrigation] schemes. Solar Energy 76 [2004], pp. 465-473, www.sciencedirect.com.

[7] Foster, R.E., Gupta, V.P. and Sanchez-Juarez, A. Field Testing of CdTe PV Modules in Mexico.

ASES Solar 2006: Renewable Energy: Key to Climate Recovery. Jul. 8-13, 2006, Denver, CO, 6pp..

[8] Daud, A.-K. and Mahmoud, M. M. Solar powered induction motor-driven water pump operating on a

desert well, simulation and field tests. Renewable Energy 30 [2005] pp. 701-714,

[9] Clark, R.N. Photovoltaic water pumping for livestock in the Southern Plains. American Society of

Agricultural Engineers Paper No. 94-4529, 1994.

[10] Vick, B.D. and Clark, R.N. Comparison of Solar Powered Water Pumping systems which use

Diaphragm Pumps. ASES 2007: Sustainable Energy Puts America to Work. July 7-12, Cleveland, OH, 6

pp.

[11] Clark, R.N. and Vick, B.D., Performance Comparison of Tracking and Non-Tracking Solar

Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems, American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1997, ASAE Paper

No. 97-4003,

[12]Clark, R.N., Vick, B. D., and Ling, S., Remote water pumping using a 1 kilowatt solar-PV AC

system, American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper No. 98-4087, 1998, 12 pp.

[13]Vick, B.D., Clark, R.N., Solar-PV Water Pumping with Fixed and Passive Tracking Panels. ASES

Solar 2002: Sunrise on the Reliable Energy Economy, Jun. 15-19, 2002, Reno, NV, 6 pp.

[14]Vick, B.D., Clark, R.N., Water Pumping Performance of a Solar-PV Helical Pump, ISES 2005 Solar

World Congress: Solar EnergyBringing Water to the World Aug. 6-12, Orlando, FL, 5 pp.


24/28

20

Appendix I

No Particulars Project Site 1 Project Site 2 Project Site 3

1 Location(habitation/GP/Taluka)

Ujjaini/Bhokarpada/Wada

Aavade/Vishwagarh/Bhiwandi

Angav/Angav/Bhiwandi

2 Implementation Date/Status April 2011/ Working Under Construction 2011

3 Dependent Houses/People 44/260 75/400 30/150

4 No of Stand posts 9 NA 4

5 Yield of Source NA

6 Other Water sources SVS

7 Power rating

(Solar panel(Wp)/ pump(W))

450/900 900/900 900/900

8 GSR Capacity(l)/

Height(m)

5000/1.5 NA 5000/3

9 Time taken to fill the

tank(hrs)/No of fillings

5/1 NA 2-3/1

10 VWSC(Y/N) N Y Y

11 Water Tax(Rs/month) 50 60

12 Village Electrified(Y/N),

Load shedding

Y(recently),

5-6 hrs

Y,

once a week

Y,

No

13 Contact Person/ Role Bharat Lahange/

Operator

09260353264

Anant Jadhav/

Sarpanch

09158835369

Ramchandra Kalu

Shelar/ Sarpanch

08087765587

14 Peoples View Satisfied


25/28

21

Appendix II

GENERAL INFORMATION Date of survey 18/9/2012

Details

1 Name, Address and Contact Number of the Pump owner Rotary Club Joggers Park, Vile Parle,

Mumbai. Contact: Mr. Sanjay (Sanjay marketing), Mobile: 09820223853

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

2 Source of Water:

(Details of availability, head and distancerequired)

BMC provides the

water to theunderground tank of

capacity 40,000 liters

3 Details of pre-solar pump installation situation,

any problems incurred

electric pumps, 7.5 hp

Previous cost for irrigation Vs Current Cost(Can be used to calculate ROI)

8 units of electricity per hour, with 4-5 hours ofoperation

4 Installation date and scheme (if benefited) 8/9/2012

5 System current working status System is very new, working fine till now

6 Solar panel (Make, ratings, Type ) Thin Film solar cells. 12 modules. Type: SchottASI 97. Power = 118.3W, V = 17.42V, I =5.57A. Company: Schott Solar AG (D-63755)

7 Pump(Make, ratings, Type )Considered using the old pump (if electric)?

2 hp Green force pump. Details are with Snajaymarketing. Operating minimum DC voltage =

400V

8 Type of irrigation system, total land holding(ha)

Sprinklers. Total 31, out of which 8-11 are usedat a time on rotating basis for an hour

9 Do they store Water in a tank? Type of storage? Pump water from underground tank to individualsprinklers33 mtr head

10 Tank (Dimension, Type), location

11 Else is there storage battery? How do they meetsurge current requirement for starting themotor?

No battery

12 Water-head to be pumped 33 mtrs

13 Typical duty cycle (frequency of irrigation),

System Downtime/Non-operational time (inweeks or months )

Operate during the day for 5 hours in the

morning and afternoon

14 Operation and maintenance issues (Failures):

Guarantees, Agreements

Panel cleaning is done every 15 days. One year

maintenance warranty by Sanjay marketing,Solar Panel warranty for 25 years (10%degradation in 10 years)

15 Electricity (Y/N, duration per day), quality ofpower supply,

Yes electricity Is available throughout the day


26/28

22

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS

16 Details of payment for water availability One time payment of Rs. 6,40,000

17 Installation stakeholders(Mainly the owner and the vendor)

Rotary Club and Sanjay Marketing

18 Cost incurrence (in percentage or in actualfigures), What percentage is loan? Rate ofInterest?

(GSDA/Panchayat/Self/others)

One time payment by the club. Part of 2010-11projects. Solar panle has names of ManuSachdeva and Priti Lohia

19 Any remarks on performance

20 UtilizationArea under each crop (ha) being irrigated usingthe system, yields

Total park area is 3-3.5 acre

21 Change in yield/Extra income generation due toirrigationcalculate the ROIs

22 Any alternative usage planned for the system(At least panels) so as to enhance the economicviability?

Separate panels for the lighting1.2kW. 53 lightbulbs with battery (48V and 200Ah)

23 Local technician available (Y/N) Not technician, but operator, has knowledge

about pump operation

24 How do they plan to bear O&M cost (expected

cost?)

1 year warranty, after that club will bear cost

25 Other Remarks or observation

26 Directions to reach the village/ hamlet(train/+bus/+auto..), approx. distance and time

Joggers park is near Mithibai College in VileParle

27 Name of the surveyor and contact no. Amit Desai - 9769061907

Appendix III


27/28

23

GENERAL INFORMATION Date of survey 3/12/2012

Details

1 Name, Address and Contact Number of the Pump owner:BMC, Cement godown, nimkar Road,

Byculla, Mumbai. Contact person: Mr. Deepak Tupe, 9579061984

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

2 Source of Water:(Details of availability, head and distancerequired)

BMC provides thewater to theunderground tank ofcapacity 50,000 liters

3 Details of pre-solar pump installation situation,any problems incurred

electric pump, 5 hp

Previous cost for irrigation Vs Current Cost(Can be used to calculate ROI)

2 hours of operation on electricity

4 Installation date and scheme (if benefited) June 2012

5 System current working status Working fine till now

6 Solar panel (Make, ratings, Type ) 16X TataBP 1280. 80 Watt, 18.2 V, 4.4 A

7 Pump(Make, ratings, Type )

Considered using the old pump (if electric)?

Submersible Pump (1hp-2hp), (30-300V)

8 Type of irrigation system, total land holding

(ha)

Water being pumped to overhead tank

9 Do they store Water in a tank? Type of storage? Water stored in Overhead tank

10 Tank (Dimension, Type), location 50,000 Ltrs, on the terrace

11 Else is there storage battery? How do they meet

surge current requirement for starting themotor?

No battery

12 Water-head to be pumped 70 ft.

13 Typical duty cycle (frequency of irrigation),System Downtime/Non-operational time (inweeks or months )

Operate during the day for 5 hours in themorning and afternoon

14 Operation and maintenance issues (Failures):

Guarantees, Agreements

Panel was not cleaned

15 Electricity (Y/N, duration per day), quality of

power supply,

Yes electricity Is available throughout the day

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS

16 Details of payment for water availability NA

17 Installation stakeholders(Mainly the owner and the vendor)

BMC office

18 Cost incurrence (in percentage or in actualfigures), What percentage is loan? Rate ofInterest?

(GSDA/Panchayat/Self/others)

NA


28/28

19 Any remarks on performance

20 Utilization

Area under each crop (ha) being irrigated usingthe system, yields

NA

21 Change in yield/Extra income generation due to

irrigationcalculate the ROIs22 Any alternative usage planned for the system

(At least panels) so as to enhance the economic

viability?

No

23 Local technician available (Y/N) No technician available, contact company in case

of a problem

24 How do they plan to bear O&M cost (expectedcost?)

NA

25 Other Remarks or observation

26 Directions to reach the village/ hamlet

(train/+bus/+auto..), approx. distance and time

Walking distance from Byculla Station

27 Name of the surveyor and contact no. Amit Desai - 9769061907

Documents

Solar Pv Pumping Survey