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IIT Delhi, Training courseIIT Delhi, Training course6 6 Jun 2008Jun 2008
Solar Energy:- Market Solar Energy:- Market DevelopmentDevelopment
Shirish GarudShirish Garud
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
OutlineOutline•Review
•R & D
•A brief analysis of markets
•Solar PV
•Solar thermal
•Suggestions
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Renewable Energy Electricity StatusRenewable Energy Electricity StatusIndiaIndia
Wind70%
Small hydro19%
Biomass pow er / cogeneration
11%
Waste-to-Energy
0%Solar 0%
Wind Small hydro
Biomass pow er / cogeneration Waste-to-Energy
Solar
Status of various RE Technologies (as on 31st March 2007)
Source: MNRE, GoI
All India Installed Capacity (As on 31st March 2007)
Source: CEA, GoI
Coal54%
Hydro26%
Gas10%
Diesel1%
RES6%
Nuclear3%
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Year
INs
tall
ed
ca
pa
cit
y (
MW
)
Trend in RE Capacity over years
Source: TERI Compilation
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
GlobalGlobal Share in RE Share in RE
Renewable Power Capacities, Developing World, EU, and Top Six Countries, 2006
Only 5% of world share
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Policy Policy ReformsReforms in India in India
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000 Onwards
R&D programs initiated
Focus on developing RE technologies and products
Demonstration projects
Fiscal & financial incentives introduced (subsidy, tax incentives, etc)
Increased role of Public Sector Undertakings
Infrastructure development
More emphasis on fiscal incentives
Increased Private Sector Participation
EA 2003, NEP 2005, NTP 2006
Quota/Obligation system introduced
Preferential tariffs for RE
Integrated Energy Policy 2006
Generation based incentive for Solar PV/ Thermal
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Product development cycleProduct development cycle
Demonstration
Commercialization
Research and Development
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
R & D: Points to ponder aboutR & D: Points to ponder about
1. First mover advantage lost?
• IBP developed first vacuum tube collectors in 1986
• Under the then MNES sponsored project
• Solar box cooker
• Lantern
2. R & D outside MNRE program
Selective coating developed by NAL
3. Suggestions
1. Identify niche areas
2. Need to have programmatic approach
3. Long term r & D goals
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
R & D funding in Europe for SPVR & D funding in Europe for SPV
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar photovoltaicsSolar photovoltaics
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course 10
Growth in Solar PVGlobal scenario
Source : Compiled by Earth Policy Institute along with Worldwatch Institute
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Ann
ual P
rodu
ctio
n (M
W)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Cos
t per
wat
t (20
07 U
S$)
Cost per w att (2007 US$) Annual production (MW)
78.39
3.84
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar PV technologiesSolar PV technologies
Crystalline silicon technology is recommended
TechnologiTechnologieses
Extent of Extent of CommercialiCommercializationzation
Market Market ShareShare
Stabilized Stabilized EfficiencyEfficiency
Cost of Cost of modulemodule
Long term Long term stability stability (modules (modules warranty)warranty)
RemarksRemarks
C-Si (mono & C-Si (mono & multi)multi)
Fully Fully commercializecommercializedd
Approx. Approx. 90% for 90% for last few last few yearsyears
13-18% at 13-18% at commercial commercial ScaleScale
160-180 Rs/ W160-180 Rs/ W 20-25 20-25 yearsyears
Better Power Better Power per unit areaper unit area
Thin Film (a - Thin Film (a - Si)Si)
Not as Not as commercializecommercialized as C-Sid as C-Si
Approx. Approx. 10% for 10% for last few last few yearsyears
6-9%6-9% 130 –150 130 –150 Rs /WRs /W
10 years10 years Relatively Relatively less power less power per unit areaper unit area
New New Emerging Emerging (Organic)(Organic)
At R&D or Pilot At R&D or Pilot study stagestudy stage
4-6% 4-6% Not AvailableNot Available Yet to be Yet to be establishedestablished
Using Using relatively relatively cost effective cost effective material.material.
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
SPV developmentSPV development
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Technology developmentTechnology development
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Indian Solar PV market
Non-Subsidized
Solar cells Solar modules
System integrators, exports
Subsidized
PV products
Individual owners
Community ownership
Corporate/Government
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar PV Products in Indian marketSolar PV Products in Indian market
• Large variety of products designed to meet Large variety of products designed to meet various needs. Few examples are given belowvarious needs. Few examples are given below(Typical capacities are indicated in the bracket)(Typical capacities are indicated in the bracket)
– Solar home systems (37 to 74 Wp)Solar home systems (37 to 74 Wp)– Solar pumps (1 to 2 kWp)Solar pumps (1 to 2 kWp)– Solar street lights (36 to 74 Wp)Solar street lights (36 to 74 Wp)– Solar power plants individual households ( 1-5 kWp)Solar power plants individual households ( 1-5 kWp)– Solar lanterns (2 to 15 Wp)Solar lanterns (2 to 15 Wp)– Solar power plants for villages (1 kWp to 110 Kwp Solar power plants for villages (1 kWp to 110 Kwp
capacity)capacity)– Grid connected solar power plants (1MW and above)Grid connected solar power plants (1MW and above)
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course 16
Category wise use of PV Module in IndiaCategory wise use of PV Module in India
335 MW aggregate capacity; 14,00,000 SPV Systems
Source : Ministry of New and renewable Energy, GoI, 2007 (as on 31 Mar 2007)
Ex ports
66%
Others
12%Telecom
7%
Pump
3%
Pow er Plant
3%
Street Light
2%
Home Light
5%
Lantern
2%
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Market drivers and barriersMarket drivers and barriers
• DriversDrivers– Demand for electricity to meet essential Demand for electricity to meet essential
requirements like lighting, entertainment, water requirements like lighting, entertainment, water pumping, communication etc pumping, communication etc
– Subsidy schemesSubsidy schemes– Low interest loansLow interest loans– Micro-credit schemesMicro-credit schemes
• BarriersBarriers– High costsHigh costs– Lack of marketing efforts Lack of marketing efforts – Lack of supply and service networkLack of supply and service network– Lack of Customized productsLack of Customized products– Subsidy schemesSubsidy schemes
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Market characteristicsMarket characteristics
• Individual usersIndividual users– Mostly from rural and semi urban areasMostly from rural and semi urban areas– Need for electricity is main driver of this Need for electricity is main driver of this
marketmarket– Major products include- solar home Major products include- solar home
systems, solar lanterns, solar water systems, solar lanterns, solar water pumpspumps
– Markets for non-subsidized products is Markets for non-subsidized products is increasing in last five years increasing in last five years
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Market characteristicsMarket characteristics
• Corporate / governmentsCorporate / governments– internet kiosks in rural areas internet kiosks in rural areas
• E-choupal – internet based information service developed E-choupal – internet based information service developed for farmersfor farmers
– Solar systems for niche applicationsSolar systems for niche applications
• Community owned systemsCommunity owned systems– Solar systems such as power plants, pumps to Solar systems such as power plants, pumps to
meet the energy demand of remote communities meet the energy demand of remote communities • Mostly subsidy driven marketMostly subsidy driven market
• In recent years low interest loans assisted / replaced the In recent years low interest loans assisted / replaced the subsidy mechanism subsidy mechanism
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Some observationsSome observations
• Share of home lighting systems in Share of home lighting systems in increasing in recent yearsincreasing in recent years
• Solar lanterns are also becoming Solar lanterns are also becoming popular due their low costs and popular due their low costs and portabilityportability
• Multi-use products such as home Multi-use products such as home lighting systems with connection for lighting systems with connection for fan or transistor/ TV are preferredfan or transistor/ TV are preferred
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
UNEP solar loan program achievementUNEP solar loan program achievement (up to March 2005) (up to March 2005)
• SourceSource: ‘UNEP Indian Solar Home Programme : ‘UNEP Indian Solar Home Programme Overviewand Performance Report, UNEP, Overviewand Performance Report, UNEP, March 2005accesed through March 2005accesed through http://www.uneptie.org/energy/act/fin/india/dhttp://www.uneptie.org/energy/act/fin/india/docs/IndSolLoanReview.pdfocs/IndSolLoanReview.pdf
BankBank 2003-042003-04 2004-052004-05 Grand total Grand total
Karnataka Karnataka
CanaraCanara SyndicateSyndicate Grameens Grameens
1,9181,918 1,6901,690 3,6083,608
2,2132,213 2,3972,397 4,6104,610
616616 2,3802,380 2,9962,996
KeralaKerala
CanaraCanara SyndicateSyndicate GrameensGrameens
217217 33 216216
217217 3 3 216216
Grand TotalGrand Total 4,7474,747 6,9036,903 11,65011,650
Photos- SVAM Electronics Ltd,
Pune
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Thrust areas for FutureThrust areas for Future
• MW scale SPV systemsMW scale SPV systems• Green power generation systemGreen power generation system• Buildings utilizing solar PV systemsBuildings utilizing solar PV systems• Make domestic SPV market Make domestic SPV market
competitive through market competitive through market developmentdevelopment
• Solar ingots manufacturing Solar ingots manufacturing • Thin film materials / technology Thin film materials / technology
developmentdevelopment
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Niche marketsNiche markets
• Applications Applications – RailwaysRailways
• Signaling systems,Signaling systems,– TelecomTelecom
• SPV Power supply for SPV Power supply for – rural transmitters, rural transmitters, – repeater stations, repeater stations, – cellular network cellular network
– Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in schoolsInformation and Communication Technologies (ICT) in schools– Internet kiosks Internet kiosks
• EchoupalEchoupal– Small applications such as battery chargers, torches, mobile Small applications such as battery chargers, torches, mobile
chargerschargers• India has close to 100million cell phone usersIndia has close to 100million cell phone users
– Advertising hoardings Advertising hoardings • Annual market of 100 MW easily possible Annual market of 100 MW easily possible
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
SummerySummery
• Solar PV has tremendous market potential providedSolar PV has tremendous market potential provided– Customized products are designedCustomized products are designed– Cost barrier is tackled successfully especially for small grid Cost barrier is tackled successfully especially for small grid
connetced PV power plantconnetced PV power plant– Suitable financing schemes are offeredSuitable financing schemes are offered
• Large market potential for smaller affordable systemsLarge market potential for smaller affordable systems– Niche’ markets Niche’ markets
• Bringing down capital costs is key to tap the marketBringing down capital costs is key to tap the market• In spite of high costs solar PV markets are increasing In spite of high costs solar PV markets are increasing
and sustainable growth is expected and sustainable growth is expected
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar thermal systems Solar thermal systems
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar energy collectors
SOLAR COLLECTORS
NON-FOCUSSING
FOCUSSING(CONCENTRATING)
UNGLAZED COLLECTORS
FLAT PLATE(FPC)
EVACUATED(ETC)
SINGLE AXIS TRACKING
TWO-AXIS TRACKING
LINEAR FRESNEL TYPE
PARABOLOIC TROUGH
PARABOLIC DISH REFLECTOR
HELIOSTAT FIELD COLLECTOR
40–60oC
60–80oC
50–200oC
100–500oC
300–2000oC
100–150oC
100–250oC
100–500oC
300–1000oC
500–2000oC
For low temperature applications
For high and medium temperature applications
SOLAR POND
60–90oC
COMPOUND PARABOLIC CONCENTRATOR
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar thermal systemsSolar thermal systems
Potential – 140million sq. meter of area
Achievement- 2million sq. m area
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Industrial hot water Industrial hot water
systemssystems
One of the World’s largest industrial solar water heating system
Capacity: 1,20,000 lit /day
Application: Boiler feed water pre-heating
Installed at: M/s GFCL ltd, Kakinada
Area: 60m 80m (1309 collectors)
•Working since: 1997.
•GHG emissions saved: 700 t CO2 per annum
•Energy savings 22GJ per day
•Payback period:5 years
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar water heating for hotel Solar water heating for hotel industryindustry
Hotel Fishermans’ cove, (Taj Group), Chennai
Capacity: 20000 lit /day
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar pondSolar pond
6000m2 Solar pond at Bhuj dairy, Bhuj, Gujarat
Designed and installed by TERI
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar steam systemsSolar steam systems
A view of solar steam cooking system installed at Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh
The system has been designed to generate over 4000 kg. of steam/day at 180 0C and 10 kg/cm2 which is sufficient to cook two meals for around 15,000 persons.
Solar steam cooking system in Leh
Source: www.gadhia-solar.com/
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
ARUN160: Fresnel Paraboloid concentrator with cavity receiver with 2-axes tracking having160 m2 aperture area installed under IIT-Bombay -Clique R & D Project sponsored by MNRE for milk pasteurization at Mahanand Dairy, Latur, Maharashtra, INDIA
India Innovates
Source- M/s Clique Technologies, Mumbai
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar drying applicationsSolar drying applications
• Men-Tsee-Khang, (A Men-Tsee-Khang, (A pharmaceutical company) pharmaceutical company) based in Dharamsalabased in Dharamsala
• Application - Drying of herbs - Application - Drying of herbs - 100Kg/day100Kg/day
• Moisture need to be reduced Moisture need to be reduced to 4%to 4%
• Operation hoursOperation hours– 1000 to 1530 hrs during 1000 to 1530 hrs during
winterwinter– 0930 to 1600 hrs during 0930 to 1600 hrs during
summersummer
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
BarriersBarriers
• Site constraintsSite constraints– Shadow free area for installationShadow free area for installation– Factory layoutFactory layout– System integration with existing system System integration with existing system
• Awareness and willingness to investAwareness and willingness to invest
• System designers and manufacturersSystem designers and manufacturers– Limited technical capacityLimited technical capacity– Lack of instrumentation and controlsLack of instrumentation and controls
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Solar water heating systemsSolar water heating systems
• Areas for improvements Areas for improvements – Controls and integration with existsing systemsControls and integration with existsing systems– Constant temperature supplyConstant temperature supply– Hard water problemHard water problem
• System integration in multi storey System integration in multi storey buildingsbuildings– Efficient system integrationEfficient system integration– Reliability of hot water supply Reliability of hot water supply
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Future market developmentFuture market development
• Need to provide push for large scale Need to provide push for large scale systemssystems
• Performance simulation and savingsPerformance simulation and savings• Cooling systemsCooling systems• Can India be manufacturing hub for Can India be manufacturing hub for
solar power plants?solar power plants?• Can we exploit hydropower and silica Can we exploit hydropower and silica
deposits to have our own silicon deposits to have our own silicon ingots?ingots?
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Some thoughtsSome thoughts
• R & D activitesR & D activites– Solar energy centre Solar energy centre
•Autonomous centre with independent Autonomous centre with independent budget?budget?
•Long term R & D plan?Long term R & D plan?
•Consortia projects Consortia projects
• Infrastructure Infrastructure
•Large scale demonstration projectsLarge scale demonstration projects
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Other technologiesOther technologies
• Air heating systems/collectorsAir heating systems/collectors
• Solar cooling Solar cooling – Air conditioning Air conditioning – RefrigerationRefrigeration
• Drying systems Drying systems
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
SuggestionsSuggestions
• Programmatic r & D , D and commercialization plansProgrammatic r & D , D and commercialization plans• Encourage industries for R & D Encourage industries for R & D • Urgent need to focus on technology and market Urgent need to focus on technology and market
development rather than subsidy programsdevelopment rather than subsidy programs• Special funds and fast track mechanism for demonstration Special funds and fast track mechanism for demonstration
projectsprojects• Joint R & D programs Joint R & D programs • Solar vehicles competition for engineering studentsSolar vehicles competition for engineering students• Sponsored projects on designing / sizing solar systemsSponsored projects on designing / sizing solar systems• Promote India’s success on world wide scalePromote India’s success on world wide scale• Long term program and road map to meet national energy Long term program and road map to meet national energy
needs through RE including solarneeds through RE including solar• Training and capacity building of industriesTraining and capacity building of industries
6 Jun 20086 Jun 2008 IIT Delhi Training courseIIT Delhi Training course
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
Contact details:
Cell - 09811602069