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IntroductionWhat is Solar Cogeneration?
Fun fact: Typical photovoltaic (PV) solar panels waste roughly 85% of their energy as heat
Q: Why not capture that heat and use it to heat water?
What is Concentrating Solar? Using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight Why? Less PV material, higher thermal efficiency
Applications For Solar Cogen
Hospitals
Universities, Apartments, & Hotels
Food Processing Commercial Cooling & Heating
DesalinationIndustrial Washing
Commercial & industrial buildings with significant hot water needs
Solar Cogen w/o Concentration
Bond a standard solar panel on top of a solar water heater
Problem: really low thermal efficiency Is it worth the plumbing costs?
Challenge of Concentrating Solar
Tracking increases cost, reduces reliability Need strong rigid supports Big motors Exposed to elements Wind, dust, moisture
Optics are expensive Large curved mirrors Fresnel lenses
BigMotor
StrongSupports
Curvedmirrors
A Unique Solution Proprietary error-tolerant internal tracking system
No heavy steel supports -- just integrated aluminum racking No large motors with questionable reliability Tracking and optics protected from the elements
Proprietary optics reduce cost No Fresnel lenses or curved mirrors Manufactured with small quantities of low cost materials
Generates more electricity than any other system
Superiority of High ConcentrationSkyven uses triple junction III-V PV cells that are…
500x more expensive per cm2 than silicon solar cells
But they produce power with… 2x higher efficiency 800x solar concentration
That’s 1600x more power production at 500x the cost, or a 3.2x cost advantage
Secret ingredient:
Do this without
destroying the cost
advantage!
Concentration vs Tracking Cost
Skyven has no external tracking and injection molded optics
None 100010
None $(1 axis)
$$$(ultra
precision)
100
$$(2 axis)
CONCENTRATION
TRACKING & OPTICS COST
Cogenra & Co.
The Skyven Cogen SystemRows of stationary mirror panels reflect and
concentrate sunlight onto the back of the previous row
SUNLIGHT
SUNLIGHT
The Skyven Cogen System
Small lightweight mirrors move in two axes to track the sun
Protected by stationary aluminum frame & glass window
Wind deflector
CPV cells (hidden)
Solar receiver optics
Water heating pipeCo-installed with traditional PV panels
Max Rooftop Power Density
207kW peak electrical
230kW peak thermal
437kW peak total
150kW peak electrical
270kW peak thermal
How much power output can each solar product get from a 1500m2 rooftop area?
Skyven Cogen
Traditional PV Alone
Solar Hot Water
Avg. in US for water hot enough for thermal storage
Modules $255k $105k Racking incl. w/ modules $42k Inverters & eBOS $60k $60k Labor $40k $40k Misc & Soft Costs $129k $129kTotal $484k $376kPer Watt $2.34/W $2.50/W
Installed Cost on Electricity
Skyven Traditional PV
Based on electricity from a 1500m2 system, ignoring hot water
Cost data from GTM Research and NREL
Collectors -- $270k Racking -- $45k Other Hardware† $92k $120k Labor $75k $225k Soft Costs -- $180kTotal $167k $840kPer Watt $0.73/W $3.11/W
Installed Cost on Hot Water
Skyven Solar Hot Water
Based on system from 1500m2 rooftop
Cost data from NREL, SunMaxx, and Heliodyne
Additional costs over those in the electrical cost analysis
†Heat exchanger, pump, valves, sensors, storage tank, piping, insulation
Water Heating Cost Comparison
Skyven Solar Hot Water
Traditional Electric
Heat Pump Natural Gas05
1015202530354045
LC
OE (
$/M
MB
TU
)
CapEx ($/Wt) $0.73 $3.11 -- $0.40 --Power|Fuel -- -- $0.10/kWh $0.10/kWh $8.13/MMBTU
LCOE†/MMBTU $11.13 $25.78 $41.90 $14.94 $11.72†Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 80°C heat over 25 year lifetime with 3% inflationElectricity and natural gas cost data from US EIA (US national avg. in 2012 in commercial sector)
High EfficiencyS
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10
15
20
25
PV Efficiency
% e
ffici
ent
Skyven
Fla
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late
Evac'd
Tu
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rum
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0
10
20
30
40
50 Thermal Efficiency
@ 80°C
% e
ffici
ent
Data from SRCC at 80C above ambient (hot enough for thermal storage)Data from factory datasheets
Ultra-low Wear & TearStepper Motors Brushless: Moving parts never touch so immune to wear &
tear
Plastic Gears & Bearings Commonly rated for 5000+ hours of movement Skyven mirrors move for 0.05s once every 5s, or 1% of the time 5000 hours / 1% = 500k hours = 58 year lifetime
50+ Year Proven Lifetime in the Field Factory automation, industrial machinery Aerospace, automotive, and telecom Ford Shelby Mustang Throttle Body
Inexpensive Materials That Last
Reflective surface: 3M Solar Mirror Film
Used in utility scale CSP
Used in industrial piping
Mirrors: talc and carbon black filled polypropylene
Challenges on the Rooftop Must be light enough for
the roof to support
Must have low height to avoid eyesores
Must have straightforward and easy installation
Light Weight
Skyven
Ultra light PV
Chromasun MCT
Solar Water Heater
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
System Weight
System Weight Lbs / Sq Ft
Ballast with roof attach option
Ballast with roof attach option
Roof attach only
Roof attach only
Ease of Installation
Integrated racking unfolds like legs of a table.
Receivers slide in like a drawer
Wind deflectors snap into place like a tent cover.
Wires plug together and pipes screw together
Benefit Summary Revolutionary system design Ultra low cost
Combined heat & power High efficiency
Moving parts protected High reliability
Lightweight panel Rooftop friendly
Integrated racking & plumbing Installer friendly
Prototype & Technical Validation
Successful electric and thermal harvesting
Achieves temperatures above 420°C
Gen1 Prototype, completed Nov. 2013
“The detailed technical and economic calculations suggest that this project can be successful for flat commercial rooftops”
“This project can have a huge impact in reducing the energy consumption of new and existing buildings”
– The US Dept. of Energy, Office of Science May 2013
Thank you!
Questions?
Backup Slides
Industry Landscape
Clean Technology
The Grid
Traditional PVSolar
Water Heating
Gas CHP Natural gas or electric water heaters, water
heat pumps
Building Efficiency Upgrades
WaterHeating
ElectricPower
SolarCHP
Solar CHP CompetitorsCogenra Chromasun Sundrum /
SolimpeksSkyven
Height above rooftop 6 ft 5 ft < 3 ft 3 ft
Heat to electricity ratio 3:1 ∞ 2:1 1:1
External motors reliability risk External Internal None Internal
Ease of installation
Extra cost over a PV installation† No PV $1.50/W None
†How much would it cost above a standard PV installation with equivalent electric output?
Market Size
cTAM: 300GW solar power potential on commercial rooftops in the US, 800GW globally
SAM: 15% need hot water
Data from NREL, McKinsey, DOE Office of Building Equipment, and IEA
TAM: 3200GWth of low temp (<120C) solar hot water capacity globally by 2050 for industrial process heat.
COM
MER
CIAL
IND
UST
RIAL
SAM: 100% need
electricity
Global Market SizeCommercial: $120 billionIndustrial: $1.7 trillion
Go to Market Strategy Target direct sales to colleges and universities
Hungry for green image portrayed by renewables Larger risk profile for innovative technologies Have regular renovations and areas with hot water need
Example of initial traction Eastfield College in Dallas, TX is ready for a pilot installation We have already surveyed a rooftop site and established how
the system will interface with existing building systems
Scale-Up Strategy Top-tier new construction and renovation companies
General Contractors and Architects Building Efficiency Companies Solar EPCs (engineering, procurement, construction)
Example of initial traction The Whiting-Turner Contracting Company (#106 on Forbes’
largest private company list)
Manufacturing Strategy Key design requirement: System must be entirely
manufacturable with standard equipment Strategy: Contract manufacture, assemble, and ship Benefits:
Minimizes up-front capital requirements Allows for supply-chain competition
In early discussion with manufacturing consulting firm with over 200 years of combined experience
Standard injection-molding machine available globally
Founding Team
Arun Gupta, PhDFounder & CEO
Expert in electrical/mechanical/optical system design. Used this expertise to found a business that has raised over $30M and is expected to generate $100M+ revenue in 2015.
Alvin Hathaway Jr., JD, MBABusiness Operations & Intellectual Property
Expert in supply chain management and licensed IP attorney. Experience includes managing a complex international supply chain for a $400M+ business.
Advisors & Partners
Bryan RussettSolar Industry Advisor
Broad experience in the solar industry from Schneider Electric, Solar Design Associates, and several start ups. Includes design and installation of PV systems from 2kW to 10MW.
Michael MoussaMechanical Engineering Consultant
Mechanical design and manufacturing expertise for extreme reliability parts used in bridges. Owns a rapid prototyping company.
Revenue Forecast
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20200
100200300400500600700800900
$ m
illio
ns
Product Launch
Break EvenEarly adoption Main stream
adoption
Development Plan & Funding NeedsDevelopment Milestone Completi
on DateFunding Required
1st gen prototype generates real-world power & heat
Nov 2013 --
Integrate system electronics Mar 2014 $300k
Complete final design for racking and frame
May 2014
Long-term outdoor performance prototype ready for test
Aug 2014
3rd party validation of long-term outdoor performance
Mar 2015 $2M
System is ready for production Mar 2015
Safety certifications obtained. Initial orders placed.
Sep 2015
Production begins Oct 2015* Funding will support employee wages, material costs, and 3rd party laboratory fees
Status Summary (Dec 2013) Completed:
Fully functional prototype Full patent filed
Currently seeking: Series A funding to
manufacture product Strategic partners
Future milestones: 2nd gen form-fit-function prototype: expected mid 2014 Manufacturing-ready by mid 2015
First gen prototype panel
Risk Reduction
Just as Tesla adapted laptop batteries to power cars
Skyven is adapting projector technology for solar energy
Projector Technology
DLP Chip Light SourceMirror Panel
Triple Junction PV Cell
Optics
Skyven’s optics work similar to a projector running backwards.
Projector Skyven
Commercial HVAC Decision Tree
From DOE Office of Building Equipment
High Reliability
Slow MovingInternal Parts
MaterialsThat Last
PV Cells and MotorsAdapted fromSpace Technology
All parts sealed in glass / aluminum
enclosure
High Reliability
Green Buildings at the Right Cost Rooftop systems technology that combines solar
power with solar water heating
Drastic reduction in levelized cost Water heating: Lower than any other method,
including burning natural gas Power: Matches the best that PV has to offer
Extreme Efficiency Cost Savings
Our System Rows of flat, south-facing panels tilted at 45° Each panel contains hundreds of coaster-sized flat mirrors Mirrors track the sun in two axes, reflecting sunlight into
receivers mounted on the back of the preceding row All moving parts protected inside a glass and aluminum panel
housing. Panels themselves are stationary.
Panel Racking & Wind DeflectorReceivers
