Solar and Wind Collide - WindSim Compliant Crew Leaders Components Pre-Assembly Installation Manuals Pre-Designed Field Adjustments QA\QC Warranty As-Built Drawings Detailed Schedule

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© 2015 RBI Solar All Rights Reserved. Confidential.

Solar and Wind Collide


www.rbisolar.com

Who is RBI Solar ?

Solar Market - Background and Cost Drivers

Story Behind WindSim Partnership

Extreme Wind - Concept and Procedure

Future Opportunities

Reference to Standards and Approach

Topics


Rough Brothers

Founded 1932 – 80+ Years in Business

Parent Company – Gibraltar Industries (NASDAQ: ROCK)

2

Who is RBI Solar ?


RBI Solar

Started in 2010 – Extension of Rough Brothers

Projected FY 2017 PV Installations – 1,200 MW

31% Market Share Fixed Tilt Ground Mount

3

Who is RBI Solar ?


Solar Racking

Structures

Who is RBI Solar ?


Manufacturing

▪ Best Business Practices

▪ Raw Material Bulk

Purchases

▪ National Suppliers

▪ Timely Deliveries

▪ Procurement of WEEBS

▪ National & International

Manufacturing Facilities

- Cincinnati, OH

- Temecula, CA

- Washington, NC

- Shanghai, China

▪ Material Certifications- ARRA Compliance

- “Made in the USA”

Certification

Available

Installation

▪ On-Site Representative

▪ Experienced Installers - Foundations

- Racking

- Modules

▪ OSHA Compliant Crew

Leaders

▪ Components Pre-

Assembly

▪ Installation Manuals

▪ Pre-Designed Field

Adjustments

▪ QA\QC

▪ Warranty

▪ As-Built Drawings

▪ Detailed Schedule

Engineering

▪ In-House Engineering

▪ Licensed/Registered In All

50 States

▪ Project Specific

Engineering- Wind

- Snow

- Seismic

▪ Wind Tunnel Tested

▪ Foundation Design- Geotech

- Pull Tests

▪ Stamped Drawings (Including Foundations)

▪ Combiner Box Mounting

▪ Inverter Pad Supports

Design

▪ In-House Designers

▪ Site Layouts

▪ Options For Sloping Sites

▪ UL 2703 Classification

Available

▪ Multiple Cost Saving

Bonding/Grounding

Options

▪ Wire Management

▪ Installation Manuals

Advancing the Entire Solar Value Chain 5

RBI Solar – Single Source Provider


“Dramatic” Solar Price Reductions Will Only

Continue

Over 42 GW of total solar capacity now installed

Solar prices dropped 29% from Q4 2015 to Q4

2016

In 2016, a new solar installation was completed every 84 seconds

2017

Solar Market Background


7Solar Market Cost Structure


8

= 20% of Total Project Costs

Solar Market Cost Structure


9

Install Labor & Equipment

Minimize number of connections

Reduce field managed parts

Increase spans between structural supports

No heavy on-site machinery

First in class construction management, crews & planning

Structural BOS (Racking)

Wind tunnel testing on structures

Project based Engineering

In -sourcing Production

Managing Supply Chain

Design for minimum Building Code

loads

WIND LOADS

SNOW LOADS

SEISMIC LOADS

DEAD LOADS

Solar Market Cost Drivers


10

Snow Map Seismic Map

Wind Map

Opportunity for WindSim Partnership


11


• ASCE Building Code 3m to 150m heights

• Wind Turbines 50m to 120m heights

• Solar Structures 1m to 2m heights

Special Wind Study 150m+ Solar < 3mASCE, Wind Turbines 3m-150m

Opportunity for WindSim Partnership


13

3 Analysis Options

Extreme Wind Concept

1. ASCE Building Code ESDU Statistical Approach 2.

(Engineering Sciences Data Unit)

3. WindSim CFD


14

ASCE Design Code

Uses Base Wind Speed from Map

Adjusts wind speeds for surroundings and height,Kz = 0.70, 0.85, or 1.0 ; Kzt > 1.0

Adjusts wind speeds for direction, Kd = 0.85

WindSim Approach

Uses MERRA Data and Gumbel curve to determine 50-year Base Wind Speed around site

Models wind speeds over terrain using GIS and CFD modeling

Models wind from 12 separate directions

Extreme Wind Approach Differences


15

ESDU Approach

Collect Micro–Level Wind Data from nearby site - 10m height

Adjust data to Meso-Level equivalent by factoring out local terrain

Analyze Data for 50-yr Extreme Wind Event

Adjust Extreme Wind Speed to local site wind speed using 2-D linear terrain model

Calculate Design Wind Pressures

WindSim Approach

Collect Macro-Level Wind Data from MERRA

- 50m height

Model local terrain and run simulation for 10m height wind speeds over 3-D terrain

Adjust data to Meso-level using simulationresults

Analyze Data for 50-yr Extreme Wind Event

Calculate Design Wind Pressures

Extreme Wind Approach Differences


16Extreme Wind Procedure


17Solar Cost Drivers

LocationASCE Code 10m Height

ESDU10m Height

MERRA Data 50m Height

WindSim10m Height

New York 90 mph 87 mph 65 mph 44 mph

New York 90 mph 83 mph 78 mph 55 mph

Ohio 90 mph 80 mph 94 mph 62 mph

Massachusetts 100 mph 93 mph 59 mph 45 mph

Massachusetts 100 mph 83 mph 64 mph 60 mph

Maryland 90 mph 90 mph 89 mph 66 mph

Avg. ∆ --- -7.7% -19.1% -40.5%


18Extreme Wind Procedure

Possible Reasons for Different Results

Taking peak wind from independent storms1.

Source of Data 2.

Height of Data & Adjustment Assumptions3.

Terrain Modeling 4. – Linear vs First Order vs Dynamic

Gust Factor5.


RBI & WindSim Pursuing 2 Additional Study Types

1. Hurricane Assessment

2. Wind Ramp-Up Analysis

Future Opportunities


• Gravdahl A.R. 1998, Meso Scale Modeling with a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Solver,

Assessment of wind resources along the Norwegian coast, 31th IEA Experts Meeting.

• ASCE. 2010. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE/SEI Standard 7-

10.

• Cook, N.J. (1982) Towards better estimation of extreme winds, Journal of Wind

Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 9, pp.295-323.

• ESDU (1982) Strong Winds in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Part 1: Mean Hourly Speeds,

Item 82026, Issued September 1982 with Amendments A and B April 1993. Engineering Sciences

Data Unit, ESDU International, 27 Corsham Street, London N16UA.

• ESDU (1983) Strong Winds in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Part 2: Discrete Gust Speeds,

Item 83045, Issued November 1983 with Amendments to 1993. Engineering Sciences Data Unit,

ESDU International, 27 Corsham Street, London N16UA.

• ESDU (2001) Computer program for wind speeds and turbulence properties: flat or hilly sites in

terrain with roughness changes, Item 01008, Issued December 2001. Engineering Sciences Data

Unit, ESDU International, 27 Corsham Street, London N16UA.

• Harris, R.I. (1999) Improvements to the method of independent storms, Journal of Wind

Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 80, pp.1-30.

Extreme Wind References

Documents

Solar and Wind Collide - WindSim Compliant Crew Leaders Components Pre-Assembly Installation Manuals Pre-Designed Field Adjustments QA\QC Warranty As-Built Drawings Detailed Schedule