One thing to keep in mind is that the Middle Ages is also
called Medieval period Lasted from about 500 to the mid 1400s
Slide 3
As the Roman Empire Collapsed, the Western part really didnt
have a unifying government In other wordsWestern Europe was a
mess
Slide 4
Political systems started to emerge Feudalism and manorialism
Based on powerful lords and landownership Along with this a strict
social hierarchy existed The Christian Church became the unifying
force in Western Europe The church influenced not only religious
life but economic and social aspects as well. Conditions began to
improve and a new civilization based on Greco-Roman and Christian
ideas
Slide 5
The development of Europe was based on the Geography The
location determined WHO lived there and WHO would rule
Slide 6
Parts of Great Britain, Spain, France, Italy, Greece, and other
areas of Eastern Europe had been within the Roman empire Road
system allowed Roman and Christian culture to spread throughout
Europe Romes rule ended with the invasion of Germanic tribes from
~400 to ~700
Slide 7
Forests and Fertile Soil Northern Europe had thick forests with
valuable timber Rich soil for growing crops Minerals such as iron
and clay was under ground Seas and Rivers People used the seas and
oceans for transportation and food Also used rivers in Europe for
the same purpose
Slide 8
WHI.9a
Slide 9
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdA8DMISJ1o
Slide 10
The Church split into two.. Which Church was in the East? Which
Church was in the West? The Roman Catholic Church became the main
unifying source in the West Provided religious leadership as well
as secular, or worldly, leadership Played a key role in preserving
learning
Slide 11
Remember the lay out of the Church At the top was the Pope Next
it was archbishops Then bishops And lastly priests (the one who was
closer to the everyday people)
Slide 12
The Main responsibility of the church was to serve the
spiritual needs of the society Priests instituted faith in the
towns people The church taught in order to escape hell, you needed
to take part in sacraments (sacred spiritual rituals
Slide 13
As Secular Authority (non religious authority) began to
decline, Church authority began to grow The church became the
largest landowner In Europe therefore it had great Economic power
Gained wealth through taxing (tithe) Christians Christians were
expected to pay 10% of income
http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetai l.aspx?id=33
Slide 14
Had its own set of laws called canon law Church claimed
authority over Rulers Most kings or emperors did not recognize this
authoritylead to conflicts Pope believed they had more authority
than the kings
Slide 15
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnKbPj7EhCg
Slide 16
Monks Men and women became monks or nuns (left worldly society
to live life devoted to God) Monasteries Community where men and
women focused on Christian goals (took vows of celibacy, obedience,
or purity) Also took vow of poverty
Slide 17
Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural Achievements
Translated documents Created Illuminated Scripts Missionaries Not
all monks stayed in Monasteries Some left to spread Christianity
Took with them Latin to Germanic Tribes Blended Latin with
different languages to form todays Spanish and French St. Paul and
St. Augustine were two missionaries
Slide 18
Roman authority declined, while church authority grew.
Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements.
Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic
tribes. Pope anointed Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas
Day in 800 AD Parish priests served religious and social needs of
the people.
Slide 19
Foundations of early medieval society Classical heritage of
Rome Christian beliefs Customs of Germanic tribes
Slide 20
WHI.9b
Slide 21
Slide 22
In the Early Middle Ages, Kings and Kingdoms were too weak to
keep out invaders.. Ex: Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims Result.
People started to move out of towns and cities and settled into the
countryside for protection So with promise for military help=land
grants
Slide 23
Feudalism was based on rights and obligations in exchange for
protection and other services
Slide 24
This system starts of with a LORD (NOBLES) These guys were the
landowners They divided their land in estates called Fiefs The
fiefs were given to the lesser lords called Vassals Vassals pledged
their allegiance and military support for their lords for this
land
Slide 25
Due to the many conflicts in Medieval Europe their was a need
for protection. This created a need for people to become knights
Knights Lowest and most numerous group of nobles Constituted the
bulk of feudal armies Only men could be knights
Slide 26
At the very bottom of this system were the peasants The people
worked the fields were known as Peasants Most peasants were called
Serfs Serfs were not allowed to leave the place where they were
born (NOT SLAVES) What their labor produced did belong to the
lord
Slide 27
3 groups 1. Nobles and Knights 2. People of the Church 3.
Peasants Social class usually Inherited
Slide 28
Women played an active role in feudal society She was in charge
of the estate while her husband was away fighting for his Lord She
was responsible for all household responsibilities (raising
children) Women did have little inheritance since most possessions
went to the eldest son.
Slide 29
The basis for medieval economy Located around the lords manor
(estate) Manors included one or more villages and the land
surrounding them In the manorial system each group we talked about
had a place
Slide 30
Life on a manor was largely self- sufficient Serfs and peasants
produced almost every thing that they needed Ex: grain, milk,
cloth, and timber In return they received protection from their
lord
Slide 31
Slide 32
Slide 33
SOL: WHI.9c
Slide 34
Slide 35
The Germanic Tribes that took over Rome were farmers, warriors,
and herders. They had different cultures than that of the Roman
Empire they had taken over. Germanic Tribes were governed by an
unwritten laws and customs Ruled by elected kings
Slide 36
From the 5 th century to about the 8 th century tribes fought
and divided Europe As this was going on, the Franks became the most
powerful and successful tribe (Located in Gaul or modern day
France
Slide 37
In the late 5 th Century, a man named Clovis was a Frankish
warrior who defeated Roman armies in Gaul He wanted to rule all of
Gaul He removed all possible Frankish rivals Subdued other Germanic
tribes in Gaul Converted the Franks to Catholic Christianity Gained
a powerful ally in the Church
Slide 38
Battle of Tour Muslims worked to move into France Martel led
Frankish army to defeat the Arabs at the Battle of Tours This ended
Muslim advancement into Christian Europe
Slide 39
Gained control in 741 Ten years later became King Important
because he drove the Lombards out of central Italy and gave their
land to the Pope Known as the Donation of Pepin THE CHURCH NOW HAD
POLITICAL CONTOL OVER PART OF CENTRAL ITALY Called the Papal States
(ruled for over 1,000 years)
Slide 40
768- succeeded the throne after his father Pepin died The
Franks emerged as a force in Western Europe---- stretched across
modern day Germany, France and Italy
Slide 41
Conquests Spent many summers conquering land in Italy, Spain,
Bohemia, and Germany Effects of Conquests Increased power of
Catholic Church Ended attacks on the Papal Sates Converted pagans
to Catholicism Expanded Frankish realm (similar to that of the
Roman Empire
Slide 42
Pope Leo III was attacked by an unruly mob in 800 He called
Charlemagne to help and Charlemagne crushed the mob In gratitude
Pope Leo III crowned him Roman Emperor on Christmas Day The
crowning signaled the joining of Germanic Power, the Church, and
the Roman Empire
Slide 43
He worked hard with the Church to spread Christianity to the
far ends of his empire Charlemagne also encouraged learning He set
up a school to ensure the education of government officials He also
established libraries where scholars copied ancient texts,
including the Bible and texts of science and history written in
Latin
Slide 44
Died in 814 The Empire experienced years of civil war (weak
leaders) Treaty of Verdun Divided the territory between his three
grandsons His strong government was a model for future medieval
rulers He also helped spread Christianity to northern Europe
Slide 45
WHI. 6d
Slide 46
The whole purpose of the knights was to protect the land and
ladies. Invaders came into every part of modern day Europe in an
attempt to expand their empires/ land. These invaders settled into
various areas of Europe; bringing their culture, customs, and
values into conflict with the political, economic, and social
structures of Europe
Slide 47
Angles and Saxons migrated from continental Europe to England
Magyars migrated from Central Asia to Hungary Vikings migrated from
Scandinavia to Russia
Slide 48
Manors with castles provided protection from invaders,
reinforcing the feudal system Invasions disrupted trade, towns
declined, and the feudal system was strengthened.
Slide 49
Who invaded Western Europe? How did the invasions by these
groups influence the development of Europe?
Slide 50
Slide 51
In early medieval times, life was very chaotic People
concentrated on protecting themselves from invasions and taking
care of their own physical needs Toward the end of the Middle Ages,
however, European society became more stable and made cultural
gains in the fields of literature, art, and architecture
Slide 52
Although the language of scholars was Latin, new stories and
writings began to appear in the vernacular (everyday languages of
the people) Medieval literature included stories of knights and
feudal lords, as well as tales about the common people Authors such
as Dante and Chaucer wrote stories about warrior heroes and
ordinary people who showed courage, honor, and morality
Slide 53
The art and architecture of the Middle Ages focused on
glorifying God Almost all of the artistic achievements of the time
were a reflection of the power of the Church With money from
increased trade in the late Middle Ages, nobles and townspeople
alike began contributing to great works of art and
architecture
Slide 54
Around the year 1000, towns began to build stone churches that
reflected the influence of Rome With thick supporting walls and
towers and only small slits in the stone for windows, these
structures were fortresslike and dimly lighted
Slide 55
The Gothic style of architecture first appeared in Europe in
the early 1100s These new buildings, unlike those in the Roman
style, seemed to soar upward The Gothic style was characterized by
pointed arches and by flying buttresses, stone supports that stood
outside the building With this outside support, walls could be
built higher, leaving space for huge stained-glass windows These
windows, along with sculptures and carvings inside the churches,
often told biblical stories, serving to educate the illiterate
people of medieval Europe
