NAME :____________________________________ Block : ______ Notes Page 9-1

SOL Objectives LS 4) Classification: The students should understand how organisms can be classified. Key concepts include: distinguishing characteristics of major animal and plant phyla; and the characteristics of the species. LS 5) Photosynthesis: The student will investigate and understand the basic physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and its importance to plant and animal life. Key concepts include a) energy transfer between sunlight and chlorophyll; b) transformation of water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen; and c) photosynthesis as the foundation of virtually all food webs. LS 10) Phototropism: The student will investigate and understand that ecosystems, communities, populations, and organisms are dynamic and change

over time (daily, seasonal, and long term). A key con-

Unit Calendar: Subject to Change

Notes Page 9-2

1. When animals hibernate, their heart rate and respi-ration decrease and they lose consciousness. Why do some animals hibernate? A. To increase their body fat during cold periods B. To conserve energy during the winter C. To give their fur time to grow longer and thicker D. To rest after a summer of high activity

2. A biologist has just discovered a new life form. The newly described organism is multicellular, does not carry on photosynthesis, and absorbs nutrients from the environment. It is composed of eukaryotic cells with cell walls. In which kingdom would the organism be classified? f. Plant g. Animal h. Bacteria i. Fungi

3. These data were collected by observing responses of different organisms to light. Which conclusion is supported by these data? A. Organisms that use photosynthesis are attracted

to light. B. Protists are not attracted to light. C. Animals are attracted to light. D. Decomposers are attracted to light.

4. Ascidians are sac-like marine organisms. Their lar-vae have well-developed brains and dorsal nerve cords. This suggests that ascidians should be classified with the — f. Chordates g. Annelids h. Cnidarians i. Sponges

5. Which of these organisms contains no specialized cells? A. Paramecium B. Sponge C. Jellyfish D. Sea anemone

6. Which of these animals has the same type of symmetry as a vertebrate?

a. b.

c. d.

7. Which of the following is produced as a re-sult of photosynthesis?

f. Heat g. Water h. Oxygen i. Carbon dioxide

8. Botanists often use leaves to identify plants. Which trait of the leaves shown would be most useful in identi-fying the plants they came from? A. Color of the leaf B. Function of the leaf C. Arrangement of leaves on a stem _ D. Presence or absence of veins

Notes Page 9-3

Vertebrate

Invertebrate

Innate Behavior

Learned Behavior

Pheromones

Parasites

Exoskeleton

Niche

Endoskeleton

An organism’s “job;” how an organism or population responds to the distribution of

resources and competitors and how it alters those resources, etc.

All creatures with a backbone of verte-brae that encloses the spinal cord (such

as birds, mammals, reptiles, fish)

Animals that do not have a backbone. Inver-tebrates either have an exoskeleton (insects,

crustaceans) or no skeleton at all (earthworms, caterpillars)

Behavior that is influenced by genes and does not depend on learning. “Pre-programmed” knowledge.

A hard outer structure, such as the shell of an insect of crustacean, that provides pro-

tection or support for an organism.

A chemical produced by animals for communication.

An internal skeleton; a bony and cartilaginous structure

(found in vertebrates).

A behavior that has been learned by experience or observation.

An organism that feeds on another liv-ing creature, usually without killing it

Notes Page 9-4

1. __________ _________ is behavior that we are born with. Examples of this type of behavior include babies sucking their thumbs and flinching when they touch something that is hot.

2. The cartilage that surrounds a crab provides a tough surface that is used for safety and protection. While the outer portions of a crab are hard, the inner portions are quite soft. This proves that the shell of the crab serves as its ______________.

3. Karl hates camping out in the woods, because he is afraid of ticks and mos-quitos. Both of these organisms are considered ___________________ because they drink your blood.

4. Panthers are in the phylum chordata. This means that the animals possess an inner backbone that encloses the spinal cord. If an animal is in the phylum chordata, it is known as a _________________.

5. ____________ _________ is behavior that we are taught by experience. Exam-ples of this type of behavior in children include throwing temper tantrums and refusing to do house hold chores.

6. Honey bees use ___________ for communication among individuals within a hive. These chemicals are normally released by a queen, drone or worker bee and they cause a response in other bees.

7. “Ouch!” Julie said as she fell on her left leg with a thump! To her dismay, Julie felt her left shin bone (known as the tibia)crack under the pressure of her fall. Julie’s doctor recommended performing an x-ray to assess what happened. Knowing that the doctor had to give Julie an x-ray to see the effects of the fall on her bone, proves that Julie has an ______________, because her bones are within her body.

8. Earthworms have extremely flexible and soft bodies. When animals lack a back-bone or an endoskeleton, they are known as _______________.

9. The ecological __________________ of a sunflower growing in the backyard includes absorbing light, water and nutrients (for photosynthesis), providing shelter and food for other organisms (e.g. bees, ants, etc.), and giving off oxy-gen into the atmosphere, just like my job in my household is to ___________

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________.

Notes Page 9-5

Interesting Fact: In plants, phylum = division

Example

Plant

Plant

Name

Plant

Division

Vascular

Tissue

Repro-

duces

Protection

of Embryo

Lunularia cruciata

Mosses

NO Spores

N/A (Spores)

Sphagnum girgensohnii

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Athyrium niponicum

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Clipartus fernus

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Pinus palustris

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Abies fraseri

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Juniperus communis

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Malus do-mestica

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Zant-edeschia rehmannii

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Helianthus annuus

Mosses

Ferns

Conifers

Flowering

YES

NO

Spores

Seeds

N/A (Spores)

None (Cone)

Fruit

Notes Page 9-6

(1)

(2)

(3)

Nonvascular: (4)

(5)

(6)

Vascular: (7)

Example:

Example:

Example:

(8)

Most produce __________.

(9) (10

Equation: Definition:

Example:

Notes Page 9-7

WORD:

2010-11 Folder, page 9-7

Notes Page 9-8

WORD:

2010-11 Folder, page 9-8

Notes Page 9-9

Circle all of the animal characteristics below:

Producer

Consumer

Decomposer

Multicellular

Unicellular

Cannot Move

Can Move

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Cell Wall

Sexual Reproduction No Cell

Asexual Reproduction

Specialized Parts

The scenarios below describe some examples of animal behaviors. After reading the description,

write what behavior is described on the line.

Whenever a cat gets up from a nap, the cat stretches and arches its

back. Is this an innate or learned behavior?

If you touch a hot object, you immediately jerk your hand back, away from

the heat. Is this an innate or learned behavior?

A horse has won a gold medal for the fastest through an obstacle

course. Is this an innate or learned behavior?

During the winter, a bat goes into a deep sleep. It can survive on

just a tiny bit of stored fat. What type of behavior is this?

Baleen whales travel to cold water for feeding and warm water to give

birth. What type of behavior is this?

Desert hedgehogs sleep underground during the hottest parts of the

summer. What type of behavior is this?

Dogs can mark their territory by urinating on objects. What are

they using to communicate?

innate / learned

Circle One:

innate / learned

innate / learned

WORD BANK: Estivation, Hibernation , Migration, Pheromones

Notes Page 9-10

Ex.

(3)

(7)

(6)

(5)

(8)

(10)

(11)

(4)

Ex.

Ex.

Ex.

Ex.

(1)

(2)

(12) (9)

Ex.

Yes—this means you

must remember

something from unit 8

Notes Page 9-11

Phylum

Annelida

Why?

(Major Feature)

Segmented

worms

Phylum

Cnidaria

Why?

(Major Feature)

Stinging Cells

Phylum

Cnidaria

Why?

(Major Feature)

Stinging cells

and nerve net

Phylum

Echinoderms

Why?

(Major Feature)

“Echines

have spines!”

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Phylum

Why?

(Major Feature)

Fireworm

Sea star Coral

Leech

Sea cucumber Hydra

Notes Page 9-12

LANDSCAPE PAGE

Notes Page 9-13

LANDSCAPE PAGE

Notes Page 9-14

Personal reflections:

In the space below, create graphic organizer (s) for plant di-

visions and animal behaviors. You may separate them into

two organizers or combine them into one. Use the following

terms: vascular, nonvascular, seeds, seedless, flowering,

phototropism, gravitropism, conifer, gymnosperm, angio-

sperm; innate behavior, learned behavior, migration, hiberna-

tion, estivation, communication, pheromones.

School reflections: