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World War II. SOL 10 & 11. Totalitarian Government On Vocab. List!!!. Complete control over the people!!!!! EX) Joseph Stalin—Russia Benito Mussolini—Italy Adolf Hitler—Germany. Joseph Stalin—Russia On Vocab list!!!. Collective Farms: Five Year Plans: Purges:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SOL 10 & 11
Complete control over the people!!!!!
EX) Joseph Stalin—Russia Benito Mussolini—Italy Adolf Hitler—Germany
Collective Farms:
Five Year Plans:
Purges:
Gov’t took control of all farms
To Industrialize
Eliminate any threats to power
Estab. Fascist Party 1921King appointed him head of govtBlack Shirts
Nazi PartyMein KampfAryans = master raceUnify all German speaking ppl
Wanted more living spaceLeague of Nations’ condemned Japan & Japan left League
Hitler’s Response:1933 pulled out of League1935 built up military1936 went into RhinelandLeague did nothing!
USA’s Response: Refused to recognize Japan’s conquests in Asia
Imposed an embargo on exports of oil & steel to Japan
Ethiopia asked League for help!!!!
League did NOTHING!!!!!!!!!
King of Spain abdicated throneNew republic w/reformsSpanish Nationalists (or Falange) led by
Francisco FrancoGermany and Italy sent aid to help FrancoFrance, U.S., and Great Britain send aid to
counter FrancoFranco became dictator—but did not join
Rome-Berlin Axis
1935 couldn’t sell arms/ loan $$ to nations @ war
Austria
Sudetenland
Poland
1938 (aga. Treaty)
1938
Blitzkrieg “lightening war”
Sep. 1, 1939Began WWII
Withdrew from the League in 1933Hitler announced rearm his country1936—troops sent into RhinelandGermany and Italy formed treaty to prevent
the spread of communismHitler wanted Anschluss-union—with AustriaHitler convinced Austrian chancellor to
appoint Nazis to key positions
Austria appealed to the west—but ignoredMarch 1938—Austria annexedCzechoslovakia—3 million Germans in
Sudetenland—Hitler demanded this region—09/12/1939—give it to him or he would take by force
Neville Chamberlain—British Prime Minister—set a meeting—accepted Hitler’s demands
Policy of appeasement—granting concessions to maintain peace—does not work with Hitler!!!
Hitler not satisfied—raised demandsMussolini offered compromise—give Hitler
Sudetenland and Hitler promised not to take any more territory and to settle w/negotiation
Chamberlain thought—peace preserved; Hitler invaded Czech. 03/15/1939
Hitler can not be trusted
Hitler moved into LithuaniaMussolini invaded AlbaniaBritain and France prepared for warThey approached Stalin—feared Hitler would
make an allianceStalin negotiating with both sidesAugust 1939—Nazi-Soviet Pact
Why would these two enemies become allies?For Germany, there would be no war on two
frontsFor Russia, it would give them time to prepare
for war, because they knew that Germany would eventually want to invade the U.S.S.R. to conquer all of Europe
Non-aggression PactGermany and U.S.S.R. would not attack one
another and would remain neutral if the other were attacked
Two sides would divide Europe after the war
Spark began in PolandHitler wanted Port of Danzig in Polish
Corridor (used to belong to Germany)09/01/1939—Germany annexed DanzigAir raids over Poland2 days later France and Great Britain
declared war on Germany
Blitzkrieg: German for lightning war—with air raids
On PolandPanzer units—German tanks and armored
trucks on ground Poles surrendered within one month
Soviets march into Poland from east—disappears from map!!
Soviets then attacked Finland
April 9, 1940---invaded Denmark and Norway (w/help from collaborators)—people willing to help their country’s enemies
Hitler took Scandinavia for an outlet to the Atlantic—not get blocked in like WWI
Hitler moved in “a little too close for comfort”People angry at Neville Chamberlain and
appeasement—resignedMay 1940—Winston Churchill in
British rescued Allies from across English Channel (Miracle at Dunkirk)
Italy invaded France from SouthGermans closed in on Paris from North—
Hitler failed to attack retreating troops—Axis mistake—morale booster for Allies
Germans trying to destroy
British Royal Air Force (RAF)Used Luftwaffe (German
air force)RAF used radar & Hitler called off invasion!http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://
news.bbc.co.uk/furniture/in_depth/uk/2000/battle_of_britain/battle_intro_map.gif&imgrefurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2000/battle_of_britain/default.stm&h=258&w=300&sz=10&tbnid=WJtePzktSl921M:&tbnh=95&tbnw=111&hl=en&start=3&prev=/images%3Fq%3DBattle%2Bof%2BBritain%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
U.S. divided at beginning of warIsolationistsCash and Carry U.S. gave Britain 50 old warshipsEnacts a draft law—the firs during
peacetimeU.S. passed Lend-Lease Act—war
materials on creditRoosevelt/Churchill draft Atlantic Charter
No territorial gainNo boundary changes w/o consent of peopleGave people the right to choose form of gov’tEqual trade rightsEconomic cooperation for benefit of citizensFreedom from fearFreedom of seasAbolish use of force—use system of general
security (international organization)
By Nov. 1941—the U.S. was a non-belligerent ally
By fall 1940-Germany held almost all of western Europe; he now turns to Balkans
June 1941—Germany had all Balkans except Turkey (signed a neutrality agreement w/Hitler)
Next target—Suez Canal—Turkey refused to let troops through to oil fields of middle east
Started N. African campaignLed by Gen. Erwin Rommel—the “Desert Fox”Drove British out of Libya and into Egypt
Soviets angry about Hitler’s claims in the Balkans—their sphere of influence
Hitler told the Soviets to get their own Sphere of Influence in Asia
June 22, 1941—Germany invaded the Soviet Union—w/o formal declaration of war
Soviets driven back past Moscow and Leningrad
Used scorched-earth policyPushed Stalin back to Stalingrad—used the
winter to their advantage to weaken the Germans
Master Plan = to create a “New Order” for Europe
Single, political, and economic system ruled from Berlin by the Aryan race
Hitler wanted S.U. for food and raw materials and planned to starve the Soviets—they were inferior to the Slavs
(planned to eliminate inferior elements—esp. Jews)
Annihilation of all European Jews—Final Solution
Holocaust = systematic destruction of almost an entire race
Genocide = extermination Placed in ghettos, then concentration camps
where 6 million of 11 were killed—Anti-Semitism
1938—ghettos and Kristalnackt or night of glass- shops and synagogues and Jews attacked2000 businesses600 synagogues100 Jews killed35,000 arrested
Wanted control of East Asia—started with small islands
1940 Joined Germany and ItalyU.S. responded w/sanctionsTensions mounted when Hideki Tojo
established a militaristic gov’t
Japan attacked while negotiating peace w/U.S.
Air Attack w/out warningDec. 7, 1941“a date that will live in infamy”--FDR
Soviets trapped Germans in Stalingrad in fall of 1942
Hitler’s orders—to fight to the death, but surrendered in Jan. 1943
Allied reinforcements to El Alamein (Egypt) to help British—pushed back to Libya and Tunisia; Americans came in from Morocco and Algeria (forces led by Gen. Eisenhower)
May 1943 Axis powers in N. Africa surrendered
Churchill called for southern invasion 1943—Operation Torch
Allies took Sicily-then to mainlandMussolini forced to resignPeople of Italy surrendered and Italy declared
war on Germany--Sept. 1943
Carried the war closer to Japan Series of victoriesBegan w/ Battle of Midway
“Miracle of Midway”Japanese victory would have
allowed Japan to invade HawaiiBattles enabled Allies to begin an offensive
against Japan
Battle of Coral Sea—May 1942—Japanese suffered their first set-back
2 battles enabled Allies to begin an offensive against Japan
Soloman Islands—Allied invasion of Japanese controlled territory
Commander of Allied Powers in the Pacific
Accepted surrender from Emperor Hirohito
Operation OverlordNormandy—D-Day; June 6, 1944—largest
amphibious landingBattle of the BulgeMussolini—captured, shot, hanged upside
down in the middle of townFeb. 1945—Yalta ConferenceSoviets took Berlin—Hitler found out and
committed suicide on April 30, 1945New German gov’t surrendered on May 8,
1945—Victory in Europe Day!!!
Hideki Tojo—Japanese General
Hirohito—Emperor of Japan
Attacked island of Iwo Jima—took one monthOkinawa was next—Kamikaze missions—
damaged many allied shipsAllies blockaded Japan and immobilized their
navy—but refused to surrender
Feb. 1945—the Big Three met—Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin—Yalta Conference
Germany would be divided and occupied by Allied troops
Democratic elections should be held in free areas of Europe
July 1945—Potsdam Conference in Berlin—Truman and new P.M of G.B.—planned occupation of Germany and unconditional surrender of Japan—Japan refused their ultimatum
Allies had A-Bomb (Manhattan Project)Truman decided to drop the bombAugust 6, 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29
bomber dropped the first bomb over Hiroshima
August 9, 1945, 2nd bomb dropped over Nagasaki
August 14, 1945, Japan unconditionally surrendered
Sept. 2, 1945—they officially surrendered aboard the U.S.S. Missouri V-J Day!!!
Most destructive in history22 million dead34 million wounded6 million Jews
The big change was that this kind of destruction became accepted practice and the killing of civilians was acceptable!
1935Took citizenship away from JewsYellow Star of David
Neutrality Acts of 1939Roosevelt Warring nations could buy in cash and carry w/them!
Germany, Italy, & Japan
Lend/Lease arms to “any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.”
March 1941
Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union
America & its allies war strategyUSA forces targeted for Europe
Led Allied troops D-DayGerman occupied France June 6, 1944
Liberated western Europe from Hitler begins here!
PresidentOrdered the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
To prevent horrendous casualties & force Japanese to surrender
Japanese suicide bomber
Feb. 1945Allies (U.S., Br, SU)Divide Germany into Allied occupation zones (East & West)
