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APPALACHIANS – Session 2. Sojourners Tramping through the Appalachians: Acadia to Acadié. APPALACHIANS – Session 2. Week 6: Newfoundland. Week 5: Maritime Provinces. Week 4: Quebec. Weeks 2-3: New England. New England. Weeks 1:. Becoming Vagabonds. Louisiana to New England. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Sojourners Sojourners Tramping Tramping
through the through the Appalachians:Appalachians:
Acadia to Acadia to AcadiéAcadié
APPALACHIANS – Session APPALACHIANS – Session 22
1
Weeks 2-3: New EnglandWeeks 2-3: New England
Week 6: NewfoundlandWeek 6: Newfoundland
Week 4: QuebecWeek 4: Quebec
Week 5: Maritime ProvincesWeek 5: Maritime Provinces
APPALACHIANS – Session APPALACHIANS – Session 22
New England
Louisiana to New EnglandLouisiana to New England
Becoming VagabondsBecoming Vagabonds
Weeks 1:Weeks 1:
2
Week 3
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
ConnectiConnecticutcut Rhode Rhode
IslandIsland
MassachusMassachusettsetts
VermoVermontnt
New New HampshireHampshire MaineMaine
3
BUT FIRST, BUT FIRST, WHERE DID WE WHERE DID WE
JOURNEY IN JOURNEY IN THOSE THOSE
STATES?STATES?
TRAVEL & SIGHTSEEING
5
CONNECTICUT
7
CONNECTICUT
8
CONNECTICUT
Yale – Peabody
Museum,New Haven
Yale – British Museu
m,New Haven
Yale – Rare Book
Museum,New Haven
FormerBeaumont Residence,
New Caanan
Phelps Tavern,
Simsbury
Mark Twain Museum,Hartford
1st Church of
Christ (1635)
Wethersfield
Mystic Seaport, New
London American
Art Museum,
New Britain
Yale –Museum of Art,
New Haven
Clock & Carousel Museums,Bristol
9
RHODE ISLAND
`̀
To New Hampshire
From Connecticu
t
To Plymouth, MA
To Woods Hole, MA
10
RHODE ISLAND
`̀
11
RHODE ISLAND
The Breakers, Newport
America’s CupHall of Fame,
Bristol
Yacht RestorationSchool, Newport
Purgatory Chasm,Newport
Brown University,Providence
Providence
Watch Hill Homes
RI Design School,Providence
12
MASSACHUSETTS
13
MASSACHUSETTSNorthshore Drive
Salem
JFK Museum,Hyannis PortWoods Hole
OceanographicInstitute
Plymouth Rock &PlymouthPlantation
JFK Presidential Library, Boston
Harvard – Mus of Natural History,
BostonMinute Man NHP,
Concord
Amherst College & Emily Dickenson
Museum
Boots Cotton Mill & Textile
Museum, Lowell
14
•GEOGRAPHY
•HISTORY
•DEMOGRAPHICS
• INDUSTRY
•ECONOMICS
STATE BY STATE COMPARISON
16
FACTOR CONNECTICUTRHODE ISLAND
MASSACHUSETTES
TEXAS
GEOGRAPHY
land area (sq miles) 4,844 1,045 7,840 261,797 forested land (% total land) 60.0% 58.8% 62.2% 7.1%
HISTORY
European exploration Dutch: 1614 English: 1620 Spanish: 1682
prior to statehood
1639: Connecticut Colony (Fundamental
Orders; the first modern constitution)
Clergyman Roger Williams 1636; declared State
May, 1776,
Pilgrims, seeking religious freedom, founded Plymouth
Colony in 1620
1836: independent Republic of Texas
statehood 1788 (5th State) 1790 (13th State) 1788 (6th State) 1845 (28th State)
DEMOGRAPHICS
population (2005) 3,574,097 1,052,567 6,547,629 25,100,000 people/mile2 (2000 census) 703 1003 810 96 white 64.2% 69.0% 70.8% 46% black 10.1% 5.7% 6.6% 12% native American 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% 1% hispanic/latino 13.4% 12.4% 9.6% 38% asian 3.8% 2.9% 5.3% 3% other 8.2% 9.3% 7.3% 1% median age 37.4 36.7 36.5 32 % over 65 13.8% 14.5% 13.5% 10%
language spoken at home
Only English: 81.7%Spanish: 8.4%Italian: 1.6%
Only English: 80.0%Spanish: 8.1%
Portuguese: 3.8%
Only English: 81.3%Spanish: 6.2%
Portuguese: 2.7%
Only English: 69% Spanish: 27%
FACTOR CONNECTICUT RHODE ISLAND MASSACHUSETTES TEXAS ECONOMICS Gross State Product (rank): 2010 $237 billion (24) $49 billion (45) $378 billion (13) $1,306 billion (2) GSP per capita: 2010 $64,833 (4) $45,000 (26) $58,108 (6) $45,940 (24) median household income:2009 $66,452 $51,914 $61,333 $48,286 % unemployment: as of 8/2011 9.0% 10.6% 7.4% 8.5%
main agricultural products
eggs, pears, peaches, and mushrooms, oysters (2nd in nation) Poultry
and dairy
small-scale farming, including
grapes for local wineries,
turf grass, and nursery stock
cranberry crop is the nation's 2nd
largest (after Wisconsin)., dairy
and poultry, nursery and
greenhse produce, veg, and fruit.
leads all in cattle, sheep,
cotton;also produce poultry &
eggs, dairy, greenhse and
nursery products, wheat, hay, rice,
sugar cane, peanuts, fruits &
veg.
major industrial products
weapons, sewing machines, jet engines, helicopters, motors, hardware and tools, cutlery, clocks, locks,
silverware, and submarines.
jewelry manuf.. electronics,
metals, plastic products, and
boat/ship construction;
Non-manufacturing
research: Health,
medicine, ocean
environment.
electronics and communications equipment fields
Sulfur, salt, helium, asphalt,
graphite, bromine, natural gas, oil, cement, clays; Chemicals, oil refining, food processing,
machinery, and transportation
equipment
tourism ($/year) $14 billion $3.26 billion $13.5 billion $44 billion
electrical production energy source (2006)
5% Coal70% O&G
21%-nuclear 1% -hydroelectric
0% Coal97% O&G
0%-nuclear 0% -hydroelectric
9% Coal82% O&G
5%-nuclear 1% -hydroelectric
14% Coal82% O&G
4%-nuclear 0% -hydroelectric
(Items in RED are unique to that
State)
(Items in RED are unique to that
State)
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
New New EnglandEngland
Regional Regional GeologyGeology
20
NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL GEOLOGY
FIRST,FIRST,Let’s get Let’s get the BIG the BIG
picture…picture…
FIRST,FIRST,Let’s get Let’s get the BIG the BIG
picture…picture…21
Geologic Evolution of New England
Specifically, lets Specifically, lets look look
at the time at the time periods periods of the of the
Cambrian and Cambrian and Ordovician,Ordovician,
540 mybp thru 540 mybp thru 440 mybp440 mybp
Specifically, lets Specifically, lets look look
at the time at the time periods periods of the of the
Cambrian and Cambrian and Ordovician,Ordovician,
540 mybp thru 540 mybp thru 440 mybp440 mybp
22
650 MYBP650 MYBP
540 MYBP540 MYBP
440 MYBP440 MYBP
CAMBRIAN & ORDOVICIAN PERIODS
Specifically, lets Specifically, lets look at the time look at the time periods of the periods of the Cambrian and Cambrian and
Ordovician,Ordovician,540 mybp thru 540 mybp thru
440 mybp440 mybp
23
550 Million Years Before Present (MYBP)
From Ron Blakely @ http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namPC550.jpg
Proto-North America
Proto-Africa
Volcanic Island-Arc
Lake Michigan
24
Geologic Evolution of New England
Subducting Plate
Accretionary Wedge
Overriding Plate
1. Sediments are being scraped off the subducting plate
Ocean
2. Sediments forming an Accretionary Wedge in front of the Overriding Plate
3. Subducting plate is melting, causing volcanoes on the leading edge of the Overriding Plate
25
Geologic Evolution of New England4. Volcanic Arc continues it’s westward
movement; Prot0-North America continues it’s eastward movement
5. Sediments scraped off of Oceanic Crust continue to pile up in front of the Overriding Plate and metamorphs into rock
26
Geologic Evolution of New England6. Sediments, which are now rocks, and
Volcanic Arc debris are “docked” onto and become a part of Proto-North America
7. These “docked” rocks are weathered for millions of years and form the topography of New England
27
Proto-North
American Continent
Piedmont Terrane
#1
Piedmont Terrane
#2
Avalonian Terrane
Triassic Red-Bed
Sedimentary &
Basaltic Fill
Geologic Evolution of New England
• The collision of micro-The collision of micro-continents, island-arc terranes, continents, island-arc terranes, or proto-continents into Proto-or proto-continents into Proto-North America North America has happened has happened many times many times over geologic over geologic history creating the underlying history creating the underlying terrain of New Englandterrain of New England
• Subsequent glaciations & Subsequent glaciations & glacial retreating “scrubbed” glacial retreating “scrubbed” the surface to shape today’s the surface to shape today’s landscape topographylandscape topography
TriassicRed-Beds
Blue Ridge & Piedmonts
29
Week 3
3 SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS3 SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS
ConnectiConnecticutcut
Dinosaur Dinosaur State ParkState Park
Rhode Rhode IslandIsland
Slater MillSlater Mill
MassachusMassachusettsetts
Cape CodCape Cod31
Week 3
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
ConnectiConnecticutcut
Dinosaur Dinosaur State ParkState Park
32
• Park has one of the largest on-site displays of dinosaur tracks in the world
• Beneath the geodesic dome is an exceptional display of early Jurassic fossil tracks that were made 200 million years ago
• 500 tracks are enclosed within a 55,000-square-foot dome; the remaining 1,500 tracks are buried for preservation
• The trackway is located in Rocky Hill, CT (20 min south of Hartford)and has been designated a registered Natural Landmark by the U. S. Department of Interior
DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK
WHERE DID THESE TRACK COME
WHERE DID THESE TRACK COME
FROM ?
FROM ?
33
DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK• Most scientists agree that
the trackmaker was a carnivorous dinosaur similar in size and shape to Dilophosaurus. The tracks range from 10 to 16 inches in length and are spaced 3.5 to 4.5 feet apart
• Dipolarsours was only about Dipolarsours was only about 9 ft tall, 20 ft long and 9 ft tall, 20 ft long and weighed ½ tonweighed ½ ton
• Analysis of it’s teeth Analysis of it’s teeth indicate poor basal indicate poor basal strength, therefore it’s strength, therefore it’s assumed that this dinosaur assumed that this dinosaur feed on feed on dead carcasses
• Time of dinosaurs started in Time of dinosaurs started in the Jurassic (200 mya) and the Jurassic (200 mya) and lasted for 140 myalasted for 140 mya
Life Form Evolutionary Time Line
34
DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Dinosaur_State_Park_%28Rocky_Hill%2C_CT%29_-_prints.JPG
• Trackway is only a ONE INCH thick layer of sandstone
• Tracks indicated that dinos were traveling alone and in different, straight line
• Most likely, they were just passing through and not congregating here
35
DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARKHorizontal
Strata
Syncline Fold
Anticline Fold
36
DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK
37
Negative Raindrop ImpressionsNegative Raindrop Impressions
The impressions of driving raindrops which The impressions of driving raindrops which dimpled the soft mud one Early Jurassic day are dimpled the soft mud one Early Jurassic day are now preserved in stonenow preserved in stone
DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK
Ripple MarksRipple Marks
Little wind-blown waves in shallow water 200 mya Little wind-blown waves in shallow water 200 mya left fossilized ripples in the sandleft fossilized ripples in the sand
38
DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK
39
OTHER USA TRACKWAY OTHER USA TRACKWAY SITESSITES
ColoradoColorado
Dino Ridge Natl Natural Dino Ridge Natl Natural LandmarkLandmark
MassachusettesMassachusettes
MA Dinosaur Track MA Dinosaur Track SiteSite
New MexicoNew Mexico
Clayton Lake SPClayton Lake SP
ArizonaArizona
Tuba City SiteTuba City Site
WyomingWyoming
Red Gulch DT Red Gulch DT SiteSite
UTAHUTAH
• Red Fleet SPRed Fleet SP• Warner Warner
Valley DT Valley DT SiteSite
40
41
Week 3
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
Rhode Rhode IslandIsland
Slater MillSlater Mill42
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill• Born in Derbyshire, England in 1768
• Known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" or the
• "Father of the American Factory System"
• Learned textile machinery as an apprentice to a pioneer in the British industry
• Brought his knowledge to America where he designed the first textile mills
• Hannah Slater invented a type of cotton sewing thread, becoming in 1793 the first American woman to be granted a patent
• By the end of Slater's life he owned thirteen spinning mills and had established tenant farms and towns around his textile mills
• Price: He was considered a traitor in his native England
Samuel Slater(June 9, 1768 – April 21, 1835)
The story starts with…
43
• Drew on his British village experience to create a factory setting based on customary patterns of family life in New England villages
• Children aged 7 to 12 were the first employees of the mill starting in 1790.
• Tried to staff his mill with women and children from far away, without avail due to the close-knit framework of the New England family
• Brought in whole families, creating entire towns
• Provided company-owned housing nearby, along with company stores and sponsored a Sunday School where college students taught the children reading and writing.
• This factory system is now called the "Rhode Island System"
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
44
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
45
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
Slater Mill
Wilkinson Mill
Blackstone River
46
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
47
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
48
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
Drill pressWood lathe
Scroll Saw
Wood PlannerMetal Lathe
49
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
50
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill
51
Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill• Moved from a water wheel to turbine
• Water turbine in the Slater Mill
• Turbine is being restored today so that it can continue to be used to produce electricity for the historic site
52
53
Week 3
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
MassachusMassachusettsetts
CAPE CODCAPE COD54
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION
MASSACHUSETTS
55
1. Pilgrim first landing near present-day Provincetown on November 11, 1620
2. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; shortened water trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles
3. High point: Pine Hill at 306 ft
4. Cape Cod National Seashore
5. Kennedy Compound at Hyannis Port
6. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
33
22
11
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION
20 mi
8.5 mi
15 mi
44
55
66
56
Today, the sea and land are where we know them to be
But,
IMAGINE A TIME 23,000 YEARS AGO
•Winter and it’s snows start lasting a lot longer; snows accumulate; glaciers advance
•Water levels fall & are 400 ft lower than today; the ocean is far from where Cape Cod WILL BE
Atlantic Ocean
Massachusetts
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION
57
• Maximum glacial advance 23,000 ybp
• Large glacial debris pushed forward by different glacial lobes
• Glacial debris forms the future islands of Martha’s Vineyard to the west and Nantucket to the East
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION
Buzzard
Bay
Lobe
Cape
Cod
Lobe South
Channel
Lobe
Martha’s Vineyard
IslandNantucket
Island
(lite green represents the
Advancing Glacier)
58
• By 19,000 ybp, the glacial ice sheet has retreated to the position of Cape Cod
• Additional glacial debris is deposited to form Cape Cod
• Glacial outwash further develops the bulk of the Cape
• Periodic advance and retreating of the glacier continues to add mass to the Cape
• The ocean has not risen sufficiently to erode the two islands recently formed
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION(lite green
represents theAdvancing Glacier)
59
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION
Younger Outw
ash Deposits
Younger Outwash Deposits
Older Outwash Deposits
60
KETTLE FORMATION
Kettle Ponds are depressions caused by
•chunks of ice breaking off from the glacier and
•slowly melting away
•while water eroded the soils under the ice block
•Leaving a small pond behind
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION
61
CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATIONBeautiful Cape Cod
Kettle Ponds
62
63
WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
• New England Sightseeing spotsNew England Sightseeing spots
• New England data (geography, history, New England data (geography, history, demographics, industry, economy)demographics, industry, economy)
• New England regional geology (incl. New England regional geology (incl. geologic time scale, process of subduction, geologic time scale, process of subduction, accretionary wedge & island arc accretionary wedge & island arc formations, continental growth by docking formations, continental growth by docking of terranes)of terranes)
• Seen footprints of Seen footprints of
• Beginning of Industrial Revolution atBeginning of Industrial Revolution at
• Cape Cod formation by Cape Cod formation by
Dinosaurs or Dilophosaurus Slater
MillGlacial recession
65
REMEMBER…REMEMBER…
GEOLOGY ROCKSGEOLOGY ROCKS
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!66
From DK China 2005
- - The The Appalachians -Appalachians -
New England – Part New England – Part 22
Vermont, New Vermont, New Hampshire, MaineHampshire, Maine
Next Week – Session Next Week – Session 33
67
http://www.wesleyan.edu/ctgeology/images/CtGeoMap_big.jpghttp://www.wesleyan.edu/ctgeology/CtLandscapes/CTlandscapes3.htmlhttp://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/taconic_orogeny.htmlhttp://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/outdoor_recreation/scorp/SCORP_Chapter2.pdf http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G229Lect112Physiography.pdf http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G229Lect112Physiography.pdf http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/evolution/phylatimeline.htmhttp://geology.rutgers.edu/103web/NJcontext/ENAhistory.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilophosaurus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_State_Park http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dilophosaurus_wetherilli_2.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Slater http://harvardmagazine.com/2010/09/factory-fans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater_Mill http://www.slatermill.org/initiatives/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster,_Massachusetts
REFERENCESREFERENCEShttp://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/47000/47138/ISS016-E-010312_lrg.jpg http://www.statemaster.com/graph/geo_lan_acr_tot_for_lan-geography-land-acreage-total-forest http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10_thematic/2010_Profile/2010_Profile_Map_Massachusetts.pdf http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10_thematic/2010_Profile/2010_Profile_Map_Rhode_Island.pdf http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108266.html http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108191.html http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(geology)#Fold_types
All class materials will be on
1) the University’s website
and on
2) Don’s Website at:
www.donbeaumont.weebly.com
NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11
ANY QUESTIONS??69