SoilsNEW

Soil Testing

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23 In-Situ Sampling and Preparation 23 Moisture Content24 Soil Index Properties24 Particle Size Distribution24 Compaction and CBR25 Consolidation25 Permeability25 Soil Strength (Triaxial)26 Pressure Systems 26 Direct Shear and Vane Tests 27 Electronic Instrumentation29 Bearing Capacity29 In-Situ Density

ELE has been at the forefront of soils testing technology for around 50 years and has worked closely with customers and independent Standards organisations to develop and prove testing procedures that are now recognised both nationally and internationally.

Our soils testing equipment is used every day by universities, laboratories and site engineers around the world, providing accurate, consistent and reliable data, which can be gathered quickly and simply using tried and tested methods.

Our test instruments and systems are designed to be easy to set up and use, offering many years of trouble-free operation. In addition, they are supported by our global network of wholly owned sales centres and experienced distributors, providing lifetime service and support.

Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]

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23 Soil Testing - In-situ Sampling and Preparation

23 In-Situ Sampling and Preparation 23 Moisture Content24 Soil Index Properties24 Particle Size Distribution24 Compaction and CBR25 Consolidation25 Permeability25 Soil Strength (Triaxial)26 Pressure Systems 26 Direct Shear and Vane Tests 27 Electronic Instrumentation29 Bearing Capacity29 In-Situ Density

In-situ Sampling and Preparation

The correct sampling, description and preparation of soil and soil mixtures is necessary if subsequent tests are to be meaningful and provide representative results. Various national and international Standards specify a range of procedures and equipment necessary to ensure representative sampling. With the use of simple hand tools, it is often possible to obtain detailed information regarding the sub-surface structure and hence the likely engineering characteristics of the area under investigation.

Soil Colour Charts

u Nine constant hue charts displaying 322 coloursu Apertures cut between adjacent colours for easy viewing of sample against colour u Charts held in pocket-sized loose-leaf binder A standard identification of colour is an essential component of a soil-profile description. Soil colour charts are widely used by civil engineers, agronomists, soil scientists, geologists and archaeologists as a means of providing a standard colour reference.

Ordering Information

EL23-7100 Soil Colour Charts. The set consists of nine constant hue charts on a neutral gray chart stock. Included in the set is a Gley Colour Chart for submerged soils. This displays 28 matt colour chips, weak cromas and neutrals on value level 4 to 9 for hues, 5GY, 5G, 5BG and 5B. Weight 910 g.

Sample Mixers

A regular laboratory requirement is the mixing of samples with water and/or other constituents to provide a homogeneous mixture prior to subsequent testing. The following range of mixers provide an efficient means of mixing samples. Bench-mounting Mixer 5 litre nominal capacityBS 598-107, 1377-1, 1924-1

The mixer has two electrically switched mixing speeds which obviates the need to switch off during speed selection. The mixing head comprises a beater which contra-rotates about a central shaft using planetary gearing. A lever-acting lifting device facilitates the insertion and removal of the bowl.

This mixer is suitable for the mixing of soil samples, mortar, bituminous mixtures and associated materials where comparatively small samples are being prepared. Supplied with stainless steel bowl, beater and whisk.

Specification

Dimensions (l x w x h) 545 x 380 x 550 mm

Speeds (rpm)LowHigh

Beater 140285

Central shaft 62125

Rated power 500 W

Weight 50 kg


EL23-6191/01 Bench-mounting Mixer, 5 litre nominal capacity. For 220 - 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Accessory for EL23-6191/015 litre Isomantle see EL45-5580/01

Spare EL23-6191/10 Stainless steel bowl

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

EL23-7100 Soil Colour Charts

EL23-6191/01 Bench-mounting Mixer

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Hand Boring and Sampling

The items listed provide the engineer with an economic range of equipment for field survey work. Using this equipment it is possible to obtain disturbed or undisturbed samples at reasonable depths, subject to ground conditions. Most items may be inter-connected.

Soil and Gravel Auger Heads

These auger heads are suitable for boring in cohesive soils or sands and gravels. The soil augers are constructed of heavy duty steel plates forming an open tube partly interlocked at the cutting end. Gravel augers comprise a one piece steel casting with a spiral point and two plates designed to close when lifting samples from the borehole. The Dutch Auger is of similar construction to the Soil Augers and is particularly useful in very fine silt-clay sands.


Suitability Model no. Description Weight

Cohesive soils

EL23-1501

EL23-1504

Soil Auger Head, 100 mm diameter

Soil Auger Head,150 mm diameter

1.5 kg

2.5 kg

Gravel and Sand

EL23-1517 Gravel Auger Head,150 mm

1.2 kg

Fine Silty Sand

EL23-1525 Dutch Soil Auger Head, 50 mm

1.5 kg

Extension Rods, Handles and Tools


Model no. Description Weight

EL23-1541 Extension Rod with tube connector, constructed of steel tubing approximately 1 metre long

1.7 kg

EL23-1543 Stillson Wrench size 14, for usewith EL23-1541. Two required

1.2 kg

EL23-1547 Handle and T-piece 2.0 kg

EL23-1587 Jarring Link, for driving sample tubes

4.0 kg

EL23-1617 Spiral Auger, 40 mm diameter x 200 mm long with rod and T-piece attached. Overall nominal length 1250 mm

1.5 kg

Sample Tube

Supplied without Adaptor but with two end caps.

Model Internal

number

Tube length

diameter

Adaptor

EL23-1577 38 mm 230 mm EL23-1579

Hand Boring and Sampling Equipment


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Riffle Boxes (Sample Dividers) BS 1377, 1924, 812; EN 932-1

Designed for the rapid preparation of samples, the ELE range of riffle boxes are constructed of heavy gauge sheet metal, with particular attention given to reinforcement of the partitions to maintain the accuracy of the slot dimensions.

The units offered are supplied in a range of sizes from 7 mm to 64 mm slots.


Large Sample Splitter

This splitter is designed for the reduction of test samples which are too large in volume to be conveniently handled. It divides samples so that half is representative of the original total sample and handles material up to 6 inches in particle size.

The lever-actuated unit is constructed of heavy gauge welded steel with a hopper which holds up to 1 ft3.The single splitter chute provides wide flexibility in sizes of opening and adjustment is provided for chutes of 0.5,1.5, 2, 3, 4 or 6 inch by positioning of the chute bars. Overall height approximately is 1 metre. Hopper size 735 mm long x 480 mm wide (approx).


EL23-3425 Large Sample Splitter complete with 2 material pans and a bag-loading chute. Weight 61.5 kg.

Sample Reduction

The reduction of particles within the soil mass is necessary for a number of tests. For most purposes crushing of individual particles must be avoided. This reduction process is best achieved using a porcelain mortar and rubber headed pestle.


EL23-3500 Rubber Headed Pestle specially made for gently grinding soils without breaking the individual particles. Suitable for BS 1377, 1924; ASTM D421; AASHTO T87. Weight 120 g.

EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle porcelain.

Model no. Recommended

max particle

size - mm

(BS) (EN)

Slot

width

mm

No.

of

slots

Approx

capacity

kg

Weight

kg

EL23-3000 4.5 3.5 7 12 0.3 1.5

EL23-3050 8.5 6.5 13 12 2.0 6.0

EL23-3070 10.0 7.5 15 12 2.0 8.0

EL23-3100 12.5 9.5 19 10 4.0 9.0

EL23-3150 16.5 12.5 25 10 4.0 11.5

EL23-3170 20.0 15 30 10 4.0 17.5

EL23-3200 25.0 19 38 8 11.0 17.5

EL23-3300 33.0 25 50 8 14.0 22.5

EL23-3350 42.5 32 64 8 18.0 27.0


EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle

Selection of Riffle Boxes

EL23-3425 Large Sample Splitter

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Extruders and Soil LathesBS 1377-1

The removal of soil cores from sampling tubes must be accomplished with the minimum of disturbance, particularly when small specimens have to be prepared in order to carry out laboratory tests. Large extrusion forces used indiscriminately will compress soil resulting in false values of shear strength and consolidation.

38 mm Hand-operated Extruder

This Sample Extruder comprises a vertically mounted lever action hydraulic jack, with the body extended to form a chamber which accommodates a 38 mm diameter sample tube. Supplied complete with trimming knife, 38 mm split former and wire saw.


EL23-4090 38 mm Hydraulic Extruder

Proctor/CBR/Marshall/Core Cutter Extruders

Two extruders comprising a frame and hydraulic jack supplied with adaptor plates to enable a range of sample extrusion from all ELE moulds indicated in the table.

Model no. Extrudes samples from

EL23-4200 Proctor/Core Cutter Extruder

EL24-9000EL24-9060 EL29-5300 EL45-6310

BS Compaction mouldProctor Mould 100 mm Core CutterMarshall Mould

EL23-4250 CBR/Extruder

EL24-9198 EL24-9228

BS CBR Mould ASTM CBR Mould

Accessories

EL23-4300 Adaptor Set for use with EL23-4250. Comprising an adaptor plate, retaining screws and a nominal 100 mm ram plunger. Enables extrusion from all ELE 100 mm moulds and core cutters listed in the table. Weight 2.2 kg.

Hand-operated Soil Lathes


EL23-5800 Hand-operated Soil Lathe for producing 38 mm diameter specimens. The lathe platen is adjustable in height and will accept specimens up to 100 mm in length.

Accessories

Trimming Knife see EL81-0710


EL23-4090 38 mm Hydraulic Extruder EL23-5800 Hand-operated Soil Lathe

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Moisture Content

Rapid Method by Speedy Moisture TesterBS 812; ASTM D4944; AASHTO T217

u Reliable and accurate moisture measurement in the field u Direct reading in percent moisture u Rapid results in minutesu New versions with heavy duty plastic carrying case and portable electronic balance

The new range of Speedy Moisture testers now includes an electronic balance and a heavy duty plastic case.

Designed for the most demanding on-site conditions, the new waterproof and durable case offers high levels of protection. The new model comprises: Speedy Moisture tester, electronic balance, beaker, cleaning cloth, cap, washer, scoop, steel pulverising balls, and cleaning brushes.

Used to weigh a sample before placing it in the Speedy Moisture Tester, the portable battery powered balance includes LCD display with a measuring range 0 – 200 g x 0.1 g. The % moisture content of the sample is read directly from the calibrated pressure gauge.


Specifications

Model no. EL23-7452 EL23-7462 EL23-7502

Model ‘D2’ Large ‘G2’ Large ‘D2’ Small

Moisture range 0 to 20% 0 to 50% 0 to 20%

Gauge divisions 0.2% 0.5% 0.2%

Sample weight 20 g 8 g 6 g

Weight complete 8.4 kg 7.5 kg 5.5 kg

Speedy Moisture Testers are supplied without Reagent (Calcium Carbide) which should be ordered separately.

Accessories

EL23-7700 Calcium Carbide Powder supplied in 500 g container.

EL23-7702 Calcium Carbide Powder. Pack of 12 x 500 g containers.

Important: Calcium Carbide is a hazardous substance.

Attention is drawn to the limitations imposed on the form of transportation. Only in special circumstances can Calcium Carbide be transported by air.

EL23-7600 Speedy Calibration Kit. A self-contained unit designed to enable an operator to check the accuracy of the Speedy Moisture Tester. The unit comprises a master dial, integral air pump, control connections and tools for checking gauge accuracy and pressure leaks, with instructions for simple re-calibrations.

The standard method for determining the moisture content of soil is the Oven Drying Method, which is recommended for a Soils Laboratory. Details on suitable drying and weighing equipment are included in Section 78: Drying and Weighing.

23 Soil Testing - Moisture Content

EL23-7452 Speedy Moisture Tester D2 Large


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24 Soil Testing - Soil Index Properties

Soil Index Properties

Soil index properties are used extensively by engineers to discriminate between the different kinds of soil within a broad category, e.g. clay will exhibit a wide range of engineering properties depending upon its composition. Classification tests to determine index properties will provide engineers with valuable information when the results are compared against empirical data relative to the index properties determined.

Determination of Liquid Limit

The condition of a soil can be altered by changing the moisture content. The liquid limit is the empirically established moisture content at which a soil passes from the plastic to the liquid state. A knowledge of the liquid limit allows the engineer to correlate several engineering properties with the soil. Two main types of test are used. The Casagrande type (Cup), which has been used for many years, and the cone penetrometer method, which is now the definitive method specified in BS 1377.

Casagrande Method

u Satisfies International Standards u Motorised version with integral blow counter available

Particular design features of the instrument include a positive action horizontal lead screw, which is rapidly adjustable and rigidly fixes the height of cup in relation to the base during the test procedure. The cam mechanism and cup suspension assembly have been designed to withstand constant use with minimum readjustment.

Ordering Information CASAgrANDE METHOD BS 1377, EN 1997-2

EL24-0410 Hand operated Liquid Limit Device BS with revolution counter. Complete with metal grooving tool and test gauge. Weight 5 kg.

EL24-0417/01 Motorised Liquid Limit Device complete with revolution counter and motor. Weight 8.5 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Accessories

EL24-0425 Grooving Tool and Gauge. Weight 145 g.

EL24-0430 Glass Plate 500 mm square x 10 mm thick. Weight 145 g.

CASAgrANDE METHOD ASTM D4318; AASHTO T89

EL24-0434 Liquid Limit Device complete with revolution counter. Supplied less grooving tool. Weight 3.0 kg.

Accessories

EL24-0461 AASHTO Casagrande Grooving Tool. Weight 85 g.

EL24-0453 ASTM Metal Grooving Tool. Weight 100 g.

Liquid Limit Device with accessories

Phases of Soil and the Atterburg Limits


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Cone Penetrometer MethodBS 1377, 1924-2, EN 1997-2

u Reduces operator erroru Applicable to a wide range of soils u Gives reproducible test resultsu Provides direct measurement of penetration

The method is fundamentally more satisfactory than the Casagrande method as it is essentially a static test depending on the soil shear strength. The test is based on the relationship between moisture content and the penetration of a cone into the soil sample under controlled conditions.

Specification

Dial Indicator 150 mm diameter graduated in 400

x 0.1 mm divisions, indicator point

incorporates friction/gear system

Height adjustment Rapid, using integral clamping mechanism

Cone release Manual

Cone 1 x 30º, 35 mm test cone included

Base Cast aluminium, adjustable levelling feet

Weight 6 kg


EL24-0540 Cone Penetrometer

Accessories

EL24-0546 Test Gauge for checking the condition of the Cone Point. Weight 30 g. EL24-0548 Penetration Test Cup. 55 mm diameter by 40 mm deep, with the rim parallel to the flat base. Weight 100 g.

Spares

EL24-0544 Penetration Test Cone. Stainless steel, 35 mm long with smooth surface at an angle of 30º. Weight 100 g.

Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer


EL24-0545/01 Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer. Specification same as EL24-0540 but incorporates Digital Automatic controller, which releases the plunger head and ensures free falling of the penetration device during the test. The time set is displayed by a bright easy to read display. Weight 8.6 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

Determination of Plastic Limit BS 1377, 1924-2, EN 1997-2; ASTM D4318; AASHTO T90

The plastic limit is defined as the lowest moisture content of a soil that will permit a sample to be rolled into threads of 3 mm diameter without the threads breaking.

The test procedure has remained, in principle, the same since 1932, when Casagrande proposed to define the various limits by relating the moisture content characteristics of soil under certain conditions. The apparatus required is simple yet effective.

The majority of the apparatus required for this test is standard laboratory equipment. For full details see the Laboratory equipment section of the catalogue.


EL24-0811 Rod Comparator

Spatula see Laboratory Equipment Section 78.

Glass Plate see EL24-0430


Penetration Test Cone and Test Gauge EL24-0545/01 Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer

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Determination of Shrinkage Characteristics

When the water content of a fine-grained soil is reduced below the plastic limit, shrinkage of the soil mass continues until the shrinkage limit is reached. Shrinkage can be significant in clays but less so in silts and sands.

The equipment listed below enables the engineer to determine a number of important parameters, including shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage and linear shrinkage.

Volumetric ShrinkageBS 1377; ASTM D427; AASHTO T92

This method of test covers the determination of the shrinkage limit, shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage and linear shrinkage.


EL24-1500 Prong Plate. Made of acrylic plastic fitted with three prongs, nominal 76 mm square and 2.4 mm thick. Weight 30 g.

EL24-1550 Shrinkage Dish. Nominal 42 mm diameter x 12 mm deep. Weight 60 g.

EL24-1600 Glass Cup. Nominal 70 mm diameter x 50 mm deep. Weight 40g.

Accessories

Measuring Cylinder see Laboratory Equipment Section.

Evaporating Dish see Laboratory Equipment Section.

Linear ShrinkageBS 1377

This test covers the determination of linear shrinkage of soils and indicates the plastic properties of soils with a low clay content.


EL24-1800 Shrinkage Mould. To produce a specimen 140 mm long x 12.5 mm radius. Weight 300 g.

Accessories

Vernier Calipers see Laboratory Equipment Section.

Volumetric Shrinkage with Prong Plate, Dish and Glass Cup


EL24-1800 Shrinkage Mould

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Determination of Density, Particle Density and Specific Gravity

The term density refers to mass per unit volume. The density of a mass of soil is of interest to the engineer for a variety of reasons including the design of earthworks and foundations and in slope stability analysis.

Particle density or specific gravity is a measure of the actual particles which make up the soil mass and is defined as the ratio of the mass of the particles to the mass of the water they displace. A knowledge of the particle density is essential in relation to other soil tests. It is used when calculating porosity and voids ratio and is particularly important when compaction and consolidation properties are being investigated. The majority of apparatus used for the various tests is general laboratory equipment.

Gas Jar Method BS 1377, EN 1997-2

This method is suitable for soils containing up to 10% of particles retained on a 37.5 mm BS sieve.


EL24-2830 Gas Jar. 1 litre capacity complete with rubber bung and glass cover. Weight 1.4 kg.

EL24-2854/01 Mechanical End-over-End Shaker fitted with friction safety device, capable of rotating two EL24-2830 Gas Jars at approximately 50 rpm to satisfy BS 1377. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

Particle Density: Pyknometer Methods BS 1377, 812-2, EN 1097-7, EN 1997-2; ASTM D 854; AASHTO T 100

These methods are generally suitable for fine-grained soils. The larger pycnometers are not usually suitable for clay soils.


EL24-2885 Pyknometer. Glass jar complete with non-corrodible cone. Capacity 1 kg.

EL24-2890 Density Bottle 25 ml (Nominal capacity). Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Conforms to BS 733 and ISO 3507. Gay-Lussac type.

EL24-2900 Density Bottle 50 ml (Nominal capacity). Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Conforms to BS 733, and ISO 3507. Gay-Lussac type.

EL24-2950 Density Bottle 100 ml (Nominal capacity). Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Gay-Lussac type.


EL24-2854/01 Mechanical End-over-End Shaker

Density Bottles

EL24-2885 Pyknometer

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24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distribution

Particle Size Distribution andSand Equivalent Value

The analysis of soils by particle size provides a useful engineering classification system from which a considerable amount of empirical data can be obtained.

Two separate and different procedures are used. Sieving is used for gravel and sand size particles and sedimentation procedures are used for the finer soils.

For soil containing a range of coarse and fine particles it is usual to employ a composite test of sieving and sedimentation procedures.

The Sand Equivalent Test serves as a rapid field test to show the relative proportions of clay-like or plastic fines and dusts in granular soils and fine aggregates.

Constant Temperature Bath

Specially designed for the sedimentation testing of soils and other fine grained material, the bath is supplied with a false bottom to assist in circulation of the bath liquid. Will accommodate six Sedimentation Cylinders.

Specification

Dimensions(l x w x h)

535 x 210 x 610 mm external

Capacity Holds up to 6 sedimentation cylinders

Construction Stainless steel with toughened glass front

Temperature control

Heater/Thermostat/Circulation with Digital Controller Unit

Power 1500 Watts

Weight 12 kg


EL24-4865/01 Constant Temperature Bath for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 - 60 Hz, 1 ph.


EL24-4865/01 Constant Temperature Bath

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24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distibution

Sedimentation by the Hydrometer Method BS 1377; ASTM D422; AASHTO T88

This method determines particle size distribution in a soil from the coarse sand size down to clay size (about 2 µm). The test does not require the weighing accuracy necessary for pipette sedimentation and is suitable for use in site laboratories.

Mechanical Analysis Stirrer ASTM D422; AASHTO T88

This compact, bench-top stirrer is used for dispersing soil samples in water for hydrometer analysis. The stirrer is supplied complete with Mixing Paddle and Dispersion Cup. Weight 4 kg.


EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.

Accessories

EL24-4145 Sodium Hexametaphosphate, 500 g Constant Temperature Bath see EL24-4865/01

Spares

EL24-4125/10 Mixing Paddle for EL24-4125/01

EL24-4125/11 Soil Dispersion Cup and Baffle for EL24-4125/01

A comprehensive range of test sieves, sieve shakers and associated equipment are detailed in the Laboratory Equipment section of the catalogue for the determination of particle size distribution by sieving methods.

Soil Hydrometers BS 1377, EN 1997-2; ASTM D422, E100; AASHTO T88


EL24-4620 Soil Hydrometer BS/EN DD ENV graduated 0.0995 to 1.030 g/ml.

EL24-4640 Soil Hydrometer ASTM/AASHTO (152H) graduated –5 to +60 g/litre.

EL24-4650 Soil Hydrometer ASTM D422. (151H) graduated 0.0995 to 1.038 g/ml.

Hydrometer Sedimentation Cylinder BS 1337; ASTM D422; AASHTO T88


EL24-4700 Hydrometer Sedimentation Cylinder. 1000 ml capacity complete with rubber bung.

Accessories

EL24-4800 Nomographic Chart for the determination of Stoke’s Law.


Soil Hydrometers

EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer

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24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distribution

Sand Equivalent ValueASTM D2419; AASHTO T176

Set Includes

4 Plastic measuring cylinders1 Carrying case1 Weighted foot assembly1 Irrigator tube1 Rubber tubing complete with pinch clip1 Funnel


EL24-4919 Sand Equivalent Apparatus ASTM D2419

Accessories

EL24-4925 Syphon Assembly with 5 litre polythene bottle. Supplied without rubber tubing.

EL24-4930 Calcium Chloride 2.5 kg.

EL24-4932 Formaldehyde 40% solution, 2.5 litres.

EL24-4934 Glycerol Analar 2.5 litres.

Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker

Recommended for use in laboratories performing a large number of tests, motorised shakers provide a consistent and repeatable oscillation, minimising variation in test results.


EL24-4945/01 Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker ASTM Method. Weight 32.0 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.


EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer

EL24-4945/01 Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker

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24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr

Compaction

Many civil engineering projects use soils as fill material, with soil normally being compacted to a dense state to ensure that it has the optimum properties.

Compaction on site is generally achieved by mechanical means such as rolling, ramming or vibrating. Precise control over the level of compaction is essential to achieve best results at reasonable cost, with laboratory compaction tests being used as they provide the basis for control procedures that are subsequently used on site.

Compaction tests typically enable the following criteria to be established:

u The relationship between dry density and moisture content for a given degree of compactive effort.

u The moisture content for the most efficient compaction; that is, at which the maximum dry density is achieved under that compactive effort.

u The value of the maximum dry density achieved. There are several different standard laboratory compaction tests, with the most appropriate in each case being based on the nature of the project, the type of soil and the availability of equipment on site.

Applications of Compaction

Soil used as fill:

u To refill an excavation or voidu To provide made-up ground to support a structureu As a sub-base for a road, railway or airfield runwayu As a structure; e.g. an earth dam

Improvement by compaction

u Higher stability u Higher CBR Valueu Lower compressibiltyu Lower permeabilityu Lower frost susceptibility

Effect on mass of fill

u Greater stabilityu Less settlement u Less deformation u Less water absorptionu Less risk of frost heave


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Compaction Test 2.5 kgBS 1377-4, 1924-2, EN 1997-2

This test method utilises a 2.5 kg hand compaction hammer and a one litre capacity compaction mould.

Often referred to as the ‘Proctor’ test it is suitable for soils containing particles no larger than 20 mm.

The mould and hammer is manufactured from corrosion protected steel components to withstand the heavy usage involved in the test.

Compaction Mould, BS

Specification

Mould volume 1 litre

Dimensions 105 mm dia x 115.4 mm high

Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, plated

Weight 5.5 kg


EL24-9000 Standard Compaction Mould BS

Compaction Rammer, 2.5 kg, BS

Specification

Rammer 50 mm dia, 2.5 kg

Drop 300 mm

Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes

Finish Corrosion resistant

Weight 4.2 kg


EL24-9002 Compaction Rammer 2.5 kg BS

Compaction Test 4.5 kgBS 1377-4, 1924-2, EN 1997-2

This test method utilises a 4.5 kg hand rammer resulting in a heavier compactive effort than the 2.5 kg test method. Compactive energy some 4.5 times greater is applied to the sample using the heavier rammer.

The method is often specified where higher levels of compaction are necessary in a structure, e.g. an airfield sub-base material.

Manufactured from corrosion protected steel components the 4.5 kg rammer is designed to withstand heavy usage involved in the test method.

Compaction Rammer, 4.5 kg, BS

Specification

Rammer 50 mm dia, 4.5 kg

Drop 450 mm



Weight 7.5 kg


EL24-9004 Compaction Rammer 4.5 kg BS

Accessories

EL24-9010 Straight edge, 300 mm. Weight 600 g.

BS Compaction Mould and Rammers


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Proctor Compaction MouldASTM D558, D559, D560, D698, D1557; AASHTO T99, T134, T135, T136, T180

Specification

Dimensions 101.6 mm dia x 116.4 mm high

Rammer Mould volume 1/30 ft3


Weight 5.4 kg


EL24-9060 Proctor Compaction Mould

Proctor Compaction RammerASTM D558, D559, D560, D698; AASHTO T99, T134, T135, T136

Specification

Rammer 2 in dia, 5.5 lb

Drop 12 in



Weight 4.1 kg


EL24-9063 Proctor Compaction Rammer

Accessories

Straight edge, 300 mm see EL24-9010

ASTM Compaction MouldASTM D698, D1557; AASHTO T99, T180

Specification

Dimensions 152.4 mm dia x 116.4 mm high

Rammer Mould volume

1 /13.33 ft3


Weight 8.2 kg


EL24-9066 ASTM Compaction Mould

ASTM Compaction Rammer ASTM D1557; AASHTO T180

Specification

Rammer 2 in diameter, 10 lb

Drop 18 in



Weight 6.3 kg


EL24-9070 ASTM Compaction Rammer


Proctor Compaction Mould and Rammer EL24-9066 ASTM Compaction Mould

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The time and effort required to prepare specimens for compaction studies and other test methods can often be costly and time-consuming. The use of an automatic, mechanical compactor will show considerable cost benefits over hand compaction methods. Two models meeting the requirements of BS/EN and ASTM are available.

Automatic Compactor BS1377, EN 1997-2, 1924; ASTM D558, D560, D698, D1557; AASHTO T99,T134,T135,T136,T180

u Pre-set blow pattern ensures even compaction u Solid state controls for reliability and ease of maintenance u Automatic re-setting of counter after completion of blow pattern

These machines automatically compact specimens eliminating the laborious hand compaction method. The height and weight of the rammer are adjustable to suit test requirements. An automatic blow pattern ensures optimum compaction for each layer of soil. The rammer travels across the mould and the table rotates the mould in equal steps on a base that is extremely stable. The number of blows per layer can be set at the beginning of the test.

Specification

Dimensions l x w x h

430 x 240 x 1400 mm

Rammer BS/EN Circular faced, 50 mm dia, adjustable to 2.5 kg or 4.5 kg weight.

ASTM Circular faced, 2 in (50.8 mm) dia, adjustable to 5.5 lb (2.5 kg) or 10 lb (4.5 kg) weight.

Drop BS/EN Adjustable to 300 mm or 450 mm

ASTM Adjustable to 12 in (305 mm) or 18 in (457 mm)

Weight 98 kg


EL24-9090/01 Automatic Soil Compactor, BS/ENfor 220-240 V AC 50Hz 1ph.

Accessories

Standard Compaction Mould see EL24-9000

BS CBR Mould Body see EL24-9198

BS CBR Extension Collar see EL24-9200

BS CBR Solid Base see EL24-9204

Automatic Compaction of Soils


EL24-9095 series Automatic Soil Compactor, ASTM

EL24-9095/01 for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph

EL24-9095/02 for 110 – 120 V AC, 60 Hz, 1ph

Accessories

Proctor Compaction Mould see EL24-9060

ASTM Compaction Mould see EL24-9066

EL24 9090 series Automatic Soil Compactor with accessory mould


21


The California Bearing Ratio test, or CBR test as it is usually termed, is an empirical test first developed in California, USA, for estimating the bearing value of highway sub-bases and sub-grades. The test follows a standardised procedure and there is little difference between BS/EN and ASTM tests. However, there are numerous ways of preparing samples and in this respect American practice differs in detail from British practice.

This test can be performed in the laboratory on prepared samples or on location. It is important to appreciate that this test, being of an empirical nature, is valid only for the application for which it was developed, i.e. the design of highway base thicknesses.

California Bearing Ratio A number of options are available to collect and analyse data with the ELE CBR-Test 50.

1 Mechanical, using standard Load Rings and Penetration Dial Gauges. 2 Electronic, Load Transducers and Displacement Transducers in conjunction with the ELE Electronic Control and Readout Unit supplied with download software. 3 Electronic, using Electronic measuring devices as above in conjunction with the ELE DataSystem that provides full analysis of CBR Test data.

CBR-Test 50 MachineBS 1377, 1924; EN 13286-47; ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193

u Two speed machine (BS/EN and ASTM) u Rapid platen adjustment u Complete with stabilising baru Compact, bench-mounting designu Options for mechanical or electronic measurement

Designed for performing laboratory CBR tests to BS 1377, EN13286-47 and ASTM D1883, this bench mounting machine comprises a twin column frame incorporating a motorised drive system. Two speeds are provided, 1.0 mm/min for BS/EN and 1.27 mm/min for ASTM tests. Rapid adjustment of the platen is provided, which enables daylight to be taken up quickly and also close control of application of a seating load.

Specification

Dimensions l x w x h 550 x 400 x 1220 mm

Maximum vertical clearance

800 mm

Horizontal clearance 255 mm

Platen diameter 133 mm

Platen travel 105 mm

Weight 80 kg

Ordering InformationEL24-9150/01 CBR-Test 50. 50 kN load frame complete with stabilising bar. For 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph

Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09

Spares

EL24-9170 Stabilising Bar

EL24-9160 series CBR-Test 50 with accessories


MultiPlex 50 Machines BS598, 1377, 1924; EN 12697-23, 24, 13286-47; ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193

A versatile 50 kN capacity machine for performing laboratory CBR, Marshall and Quick Undrained Triaxial tests.


MultiPlex 50 see EL25-3700 Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09

Force Measurement

A range of load rings will be required depending upon the type of material being tested.

Detailed below is a selected range of load rings that are suitable for differing values of CBR.

Model no. Capacity Value of CBR

EL78-0060 2 kN Up to 8%

EL78-0460 10 kN 8% to 40%

EL78-0760 28 kN Average range of CBR

EL78-0860 50 kN Above 40%

Full details on the range of available load rings are in Section 78, Load Measurement.

22


Penetration and Measurement


EL24-9182 Penetration Piston with 1.935 mm2 (3 in2) area foot of case hardened steel. Designed to fit all ELE load rings. Weight 3.7 kg. EL24-9183 Penetration Piston as EL24-9182 but with a coarse stem adjustment. This piston is particularly useful for in-situ testing.

EL24-9184 Penetration/Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM. 1 in travel x 0.0005 in divisions. Complete with rack extensions and chisel edge anvil. Weight 220 g.

EL24-9186 Penetration Dial Gauge BS. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm divisions. Complete with rack extensions and chisel edge anvil. Weight 220 g.

EL24-9188 Bracket and Adaptor dual purpose mounting bracket for CBR penetration dial gauges. Allows gauge to be fixed to penetration piston or load ring. Weight 300 g.


EL25-3700 series Multiplex 50 with Accessories

Penetration Piston and Dial Gauge Assembly

23


A range of moulds and accessories designed to meet relevant Standards. The equipment is manufactured from high quality materials and with regular maintenance will give years of satisfactory performance.

CBR MouldBS 1377, 1924; EN 13286-4, EN 1997-2

Specification

Mould 152 x 127 mm (inside diameter x height)

Collar 51 mm height, fits both ends of mould

Base plate Solid, fits both ends of mould

Construction All steel, plated

Weight 7.3 kg

Ordering InformationEL24-9198 BS/EN CBR Mould Body

EL24-9200 BS/EN CBR Extension Collar

EL24-9204 BS/EN CBR Solid Base/Top Plate AccessoriesEL24-9202 BS/EN CBR Perforated Base Plateto fit mould body. Weight 1.8 kg.

EL24-9206 CBR Cutting Collar to fit BS/EN mould body. Weight 1.4 kg.

EL24-9208 C-spanner to fit BS/EN CBR moulds and collars. Two required. Weight 1.7 kg each.

EL24-9210 Base Plate Tool to fit into base plate to assist removal from mould body. Weight 700 g.

EL24-9212 Static Compaction Plug. Steel, 150 mm dia x 51 mm thick. Complete with removable handle. Weight 7.3 kg.

EL24-9214 2 kg Annular Surcharge Weight, BS/EN

EL24-9216 2 kg Split Surcharge Weight, BS/EN Tamping Rod see EL34-0130

EL24-9220 Filter Papers, 150 mm diameter. Box of 100.

CBR Moulds and Accessories CBR Mould ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193

Specification

Mould 152.4 x 177.8 mm (inside diameter x height)

Collar 50.8 mm height, fits both ends of mould

Base plate Perforated

Construction All steel, plated

Weight 9 kg

Ordering InformationEL24-9228 ASTM CBR Mould with collar and perforated baseplate. AccessoriesEL24-9236 ASTM CBR Cutting Collar to fit ASTM CBR mould body, manufactured with a cutting edge to enable undisturbed samples to be taken in the field. Weight 1.5 kg.

EL24-9238 ASTM CBR Spacing Disc. 150.8 mm diameter x 61.4 mm deep. Weight 6.8 kg.

EL24-9240 Filter Screen. 150 mm dia, 150 µm mesh for use with ASTM mould.

EL24-9243 4.5 kg Annular Surcharge Weight, ASTM

EL24-9244 5 lb Split Surcharge Weight, ASTM

EL24-9245 5 lb Annular Surcharge Weight, ASTM

EL24-9250 Filter Papers, 150 mm diameter. Box of 100.

Expansion (swell) Test Equipment


EL24-9260 Swell Plate with adjustable stem. Weight 540 g.

EL24-9262 Swell Tripod for mounting Swell Dial gauge in position on CBr mould collar. Weight 700 g.

Soaking Tank see EL34-6575/01

EL24-9275 Swell Dial Gauge, BS/EN. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm.

Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM see EL24-9184


In-situ CBR

The use of in-situ CBR apparatus on road construction contracts enables the bearing capacity of soils to be determined quickly and efficiently with minimum delay. The BS 1377, BS 1924 and ASTM D4429 Standards describe in-situ test procedures.


EL24-9290 45 kN Capacity Mechanical Jack. The body is corrosion protected and houses an enclosed worm and wheel gear. The gear ratio has been carefully selected to provide a handwheel speed that can be comfortably maintained, particularly with soils of high CBR value. A quick-release device in the screwjack allows the plunger to be rapidly adjusted prior to the test. Weight 8.2 kg.

EL24-9298 Land Rover Bracket. Fits all models in Land Rover series 90 and 110.

EL24-9300 Ball Seating Attachment for fitting between the mechanical jack and reaction point. The ball seating is used when testing on undulating ground to ensure that the jack, load measuring ring and penetration piston are truly vertical. Non-axial loading of the load ring will give false results and will eventually damage the ring itself. Weight 1.8 kg.

EL24-9308 Set of Extension Rods made from high-quality steel with large-section thread for quick assembly.

EL24-9312 Datum Bar Assembly comprising 2 tripod stands and a datum bar. Weight 5.7 kg.

EL24-9320 4.5 kg Annular Surcharge Weight

EL24-9322 4.5 kg Slotted Surcharge Weight

EL24-9248 9.1 kg Slotted Surcharge Weight

Penetration Piston see EL24-9183

Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL24-9184

Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL24-9186

Bracket and Adaptor see EL24-9188

Load Rings see Section 78

24


Conversion of In-situ to Laboratory CBR

The in-situ CBR jack assembly can be mounted in a simple conversion frame to measure CBR values in the laboratory. The frame is used with the jack, a suitable load ring, CBR mould and penetration piston.


EL24-9341 50 kN Conversion Frame to adapt the mechanical jack for laboratory CBR tests. The frame is of a two-column construction with an overhead beam to accept the mechanical jack EL24-9290 and is supplied complete with stabilising bar. Weight 53 kg.

Accessories

EL24-9290 45 kN capacity Mechanical Jack

28 kN Load Ring see EL78-0760

Penetration Piston see EL24-9183

Bracket and Adaptor see EL24-9188

Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL24-9184

Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL24-9186


EL24-9341 50 kN Conversion Frame

25

25 Soil Testing - Consolidation

It is generally understood that clays and other compressible soils can be subject to long-term consolidation under the loads imposed by foundations and above ground structures. Also that settlement may occur even if the applied pressure is within the safe bearing capacity of the soil.

Traditionally, consolidation has been measured with an oedometer and this is generally known as the one-dimensional consolidation test. We provide a range of standard consolidation test equipment, with purpose-written software for precise and fast statistical analyses, plus specially designed pneumatic and hydraulic consolidation cells, together with a wide choice of options.

Consolidation


26


One-dimensional Consolidation

The One-dimensional Consolidation test is used to determine the consolidation characteristics of soils of low permeability. Tests are carried out on specimens prepared from undisturbed samples. Data obtained from these tests, together with classification data and a knowledge of the soils loading history, enables estimates to be made of the behaviour of foundations under load.

Consolidation ApparatusBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2435, D4546; AASHTO T216

u High capacity – 8800 kPa on 50 mm diameter specimens using 11:1 beam ratio u Triple beam ratio, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1u Compact unit ensures maximum space saving

The ELE Oedometer is rigidly constructed to ensure minimum frame distortion. The frame is designed to load the specimen through a yoke assembly and one of three alternative beam ratios. The beam is fitted with a counterbalance weight and beam support jack.

The cell platform will accept the complete range of ELE consolidation cells and is fitted with a central spigot to ensure accurate centring of the cell under the loading yoke. Dimensions without hanger 711 x 203 x 508 mm (l x w x h). Weight 22 kg.


EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame supplied without dial gauge and weights.

Accessories EL25-0408 Set of Weights. 100 kg comprising 9 x 10 kg, 1 x 5 kg, 2 x 2 kg, 1 x 1 kg. Weight 100 kg. For individual weights see EL26-2137 to EL26-2147.

EL25-0429 Floor-mounting Stand. A versatile modular steel stand. Holes in the shelf are provided for securing up to three EL25-0402 Consolidation Frames. Dimensions 610 x 915 x 865 mm (l x w x h).

Vertical Settlement Measurement

Various methods of measuring vertical settlement can be supplied. These range from dial gauges to displacement transducers. All devices comply with the accuracy specified in BS 1377, ASTM D2435 and D4546. Displacement transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.

The table below shows the range of devices available for fitting to the EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame. Transducers are supplied complete with mounting brackets as required.


BS ASTM

Dial gauge 10 mm travel x 0.002 mm div

EL25-0440 -

10 mm displacement transducer fitted with 5 pin DIN plug

EL27-1649 EL27-1649

Computer Controlled Recording and Analysis

Geotechnical laboratories make extensive use of computers and automated testing, and we offer specially written software packages designed to record and analyse test data. Presentation of results is in test report format, giving geotechnical engineers total control over all areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is required.

Software packages are described in Section 27.


Displacement Dial Gauge fitting

EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame

27


Typical Loading

The table below shows typical loading of cells giving unit stress when used with EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame.

Cell model no. EL25-0455 EL25-0479 EL25-0503

Application High pressure

ASTM BS/EN 10:1

Specimen dia 50 mm 2.5 inch 75 mm

Specimen area

1963 mm2 4.909 inch2 4418 mm2

Beam ratio 10:1 10:1 9:1

Load 1 kg 1.55 kg 1 kg

Stress 50 kPa 1000 lbf/ft2 20 kPa

Typical max stress

8 MPa 103 200 lbf/ft2

3.2 MPa

Stress for 1 kg m2 50 kPa 645 lbf/ft2 20 kPa

Consolidation CellsBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2435, D4546; AASHTO T216

u Fixed ring type u Integral water reservoiru Choice of three sample sizes

The ELE fixed ring consolidation cells are manufactured from corrosion-resistant materials and conform to the requirements of the relevant Standards. An integral water reservoir is incorporated in the cell, which allows the specimen to be inundated when required. All cells are supplied complete with upper and lower porous disc, pressure pad and cutting (specimen) ring.

Consolidation Cells


Nominal sample diameter

50 mm 2.5 inch 75 mm

Consolidation cell complete

EL25-0455 EL25-0479 EL25-0503

Accessories

Calibration disc

EL25-0461 EL25-0485 EL25-0509

Spares

Cutting ring

EL25-0458 EL25-0506

Pair of porous discs

EL25-0455/13 EL25-0479/13 EL25-0503/13


Consolidation Cell components

Fixed Ring Consolidation Cell

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25 Soil Testing - Permeability

Permeability

Knowledge of the permeability characteristics of soil is essential for construction projects where drainage is an important element. In particular, permeability is a key parameter for the design and assessment of landfill sites, the investigation of contaminated ground, the design of earth dams and sheet pile walls, and in assessing the potential for lowering groundwater levels.

In many applications, the use of a flow-net analysis together with permeability data enables both the rate of seepage of water through or under a structure to be estimated, and seepage pressures to be calculated.

In each case, we offer a full range of testing equipment including:

u Constant Head Apparatusu Falling Head Apparatusu Combination Permeameteru Compaction Permeameteru Guelph Permeameter


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Constant Head Apparatus BS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2434; AASHTO T215

This equipment is used for testing the permeability of granular soils (sands and gravels).The specimen is formed in a permeability cell and water is passed through it from a constant level tank. Take-off points located along the sides of the permeability cell are connected to three manometer tubes mounted on a panel complete with a metre scale. Water passing through the specimen is collected and measured, either for a specific quantity or over a period of time. The reduction of head is noted from the variation of water level in the manometer tubes.

Specification

Cell model no. EL25-0580

Nominal Cell inside diameter

75 mm

Cell wall Transparent plastic

Take-off points 3

End plates Anodised aluminium

Weight 2.6 kg

Ordering InformationEL25-0580 Constant Head Permeability Cell, 75 mm diameter

EL25-0591 Manometer Tubes and Stand comprising three glass tubes of constant bore, metre scale and connecting tubing for cell pressure take-off points, all mounted on a free-standing panel. Weight 2.8 kg.

EL25-0593 Constant Level Tank manufactured from transparent plastic with attachment for wall mounting. The inlet, outlet and overflow pipes are fitted to the base of the tank and can be adjusted for height within the tank. Supplied complete with connecting tubing. Weight 2.4 kg.

EL25-0580 Constant Head Apparatus


Constant Head Permeability Cell and Apparatus

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Falling Head Apparatus

Clays and silts are tested using the falling head technique. Flow of water through the specimen is observed by monitoring the rate of fall of water in the tube. It is essential that soils of very low permeability are sealed inside the cylinder to prevent seepage along the sides of the specimen. Before testing, the specimen must be completely saturated with water as the presence of air will restrict the flow of water.

Specification

Cell Plated seamless tube 100 mm diameter x 130 mm height

Base Porous plate with three tie rods

Top plate Machined to accept smaller tubes

Weight 3.4 kg


EL25-0605 Falling Head Permeability Cell

Compaction Permeameter

These Permeameters are designed for performing either constant head or falling head permeability tests on undisturbed, remoulded or compacted soils.

Specification

Mould Machined seamless steel tubing, plated

Capacity 101.6 x 116.4 mm (inside dia x h) 1/30 ft3

Collar 50.8 mm high, machined

Top Overflow valve assembly and water connection

Base Cast aluminum, with inlet/outlet fitting

Porous stone

101.6 x 12.7 mm (diameter x thickness)

Weights 5.4 kg

Ordering InformationEL25-0607 Compaction Permeameter, 101.6 mm

EL25-0609 Standpipe Panel complete with three glass tubes of 1.5, 3 and 5 mm diameter bore, approximately 1.4 metres long. Supplied with metre scale and thick walled flexible tubing. The glass tubes are fitted to a panel for wall mounting and connected to a 3-way outlet valve.

EL25-0611 De-airing Tank manufactured from transparent plastic with de-airing jet inlet and a flow outlet connection with flexible tubing. The tank is manufactured to withstand a reduced pressure and is suitable for direct wall mounting. Weight 2.9 kg.

EL25-0613 Soaking Tank with fixed overflow. Used for containing permeability cell during test. Weight 4.2 kg.


Falling Head Permeability Cell with manometer tubes EL25-0607 Compaction Permeameter

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Combination Permeameter CONSTANT Or FALLINg HEAD METHODS

u Plated steel chamber head assembly u Corrosion-resistant cast aluminum base assemblyu Includes accessories for conducting both constant and falling head permeability studies

This combination permeameter has a transparent plastic chamber for soil specimens of either fine-grained or coarse-grained soils. Generally, soils containing 10 percent or more particles passing a 75 µm sieve are tested using the falling head assembly. More granular soils, containing 90 percent or more particles retained on the 75 µm sieve, are tested using the constant head assembly.

The cell is sealed at the top so that a vacuum may be used to saturate the specimen. Porous stones located at the top and bottom of the cell prevent sample flaking or washout.

For constant head tests, a plastic funnel reservoir is mounted on an upright attached to the cell, providing a maximum head of 550 mm. Falling head tests are performed using the graduated pipette falling head reservoir, which gives a maximum head of 1000 mm and is graduated 0.2 ml.

Specification

Specimen size 63.5 x 63.5 mm (dia x l max) when using lower chamber only, 63.5 x 140 mm (dia x l max) when using both lower and extension chambers

Chamber Transparent plastic, two sections

Base Cast aluminium

Top seal Plated steel with gaskets

Porous stones 62.7 x 12.7 mm (diameter x thickness)

Constant head Plastic, funnel reservoir, 550 mm maximum head

Falling head Graduated pipette, 100 ml x 0.2 ml, 1000 mm maximum head

Weight 5 kg

Ordering InformationEL25-0623 Combination Permeameter. Constant or Falling Head.


EL25-0623 Combination Permeameter

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Guelph Permeameter ASTM D5126

u Lightweight and portableu Robust construction u Requires only 2.5 litres of water u Results usually within 2 hours

The Guelph Permeameter is used to obtain accurate measurements of hydraulic conductivity, soil sorptivity and soil matrix flux potential. These three factors govern how liquids will move through an unsaturated soil profile.

Recent significant advances in both the theoretical and practical techniques of measuring soil hydraulic conductivity have been made by the University of Guelph, Canada. This has resulted in the development of the Guelph Permeameter, utilising the Constant Head Well principle.

Specification

Cell Plated seamless tube 100 mm diameter x 130 mm height

Base Porous plate with three tie rods

Top plate Machined to accept smaller tubes

Weight 3.4 kg


EL25-0650 Guelph Permeameter

Guelph Permeameter Set Includes:-

1 Field Tripod1 Well Auger1 Well Tripod1 Preparation Tool1 Hand Pump1 Extension Kit (extends depth by 800 mm)1 Collapsible Water Container1 Set of Instructions and Carrying Case

EL25-0650 Guelph Permeameter

1 Auger and prepare hole

2 Install Permeameter and fill with water

3 Record changing water level and calculate results

33

25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)

Soil Strength (Triaxial)

The measurement of total stress or effective stress requires different procedures and therefore different equipment.

Total stresses are normally measured in a triaxial cell where the sample is subject to an all round confining pressure ( 3). A load is applied ( 1) through a piston onto a pressure pad, with the sample being confined within a rubber membrane so that no drainage in or out of the specimen is allowed. Pore water pressures are not normally measured and the undrained test is often referred to as the QU-TXL test.

An extension of the QU test is the unconsolidated undrained test (UU); this is similar to the QU test but is run at a slower rate in order to measure pore water pressure.

By comparison, effective stresses when measured in a triaxial cell are more complex in their nature, as numerous parameters can be measured. These include back pressure, pore water pressure and volume change; all of which can be used to calculate the required engineering properties.

Effective stress tests are usually referred to as consolidated drained (CD) or consolidated undrained (CU). Generally the CD test is applicable to sands, while both the CU or CD test can be used with clays. There are many special test variations within these basic test groupings.

Our range of triaxial cells and accessories, used in conjunction with other equipment such as load frames, pressure sources and measurement devices, have been specifically designed to meet the wide ranging requirements of modern soil mechanics laboratories. Each system is easy to set up and use, providing accurate and repeatable measurements.


34



35


Load Frames

The range of ELE designed and manufactured load frames is the most modern of its kind available to the discerning test laboratory. The range comprises capacities of 50 kN incorporating the latest microprocessor control systems, clear on-board screen displays and a range of other high quality features.

Digital Tritest 50 BS 1377-7, -8 1924-2, ASTM D2850 D4767, AASHTO T296 T297

u Microprocessor control u Large on-board LED screen display u Direct entry via a touch sensitive keyboard u Rapid approach and return to datum of platenu Fully variable speed, 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/min u Samples up to 100 mm diameter

This 50 kN capacity machine, designed primarily for triaxial testing of soil specimens up to 100 mm diameter x 200 mm long, comprises a rigid twin column construction with an integral fully variable microprocessor controlled drive unit and LCD display with a touch sensitive keyboard. The machine is normally bench mounted for ease of installation and operation.

The use of a microprocessor controlled drive system and keyboard entry provides the Digital Tritest 50 with a wide variety of features which include pause and speed reset during test, RS 232C, operator programming of speed and control functions, self test diagnostics and many other features.

A robustly constructed steel case houses the motor drive system with careful attention being given to the prevention of ingress of water or grit. All operating controls are mounted on the front panel of the machine, which is angled and recessed to prevent physical and environmental damage.

Specification


Maximum vertical clearance

910 mm




Platen speed range 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/min

Rapid approach speed 25 mm/minute

Weight 140 kg

Ordering InformationEL25-3518/01 Digital Tritest 50 complete with RS 232C interface. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

AccessoriesEL25-3650 Unconfined Compression Platens and Dial Gauge


EL25-3518/01 Digital Tritest 50

36



MultiPlex 50 BS 598, 1377, 1924; ASTM D3668, D1883; AASHTO T193

u Large on-board LED screen display u Fully variable speed, 0.5 to 50 mm/minuteu Rapid and momentary approach of platenu Mechanical or electronic measurementu Triaxial samples up to 100 mm diameter

This 50 kN capacity machine has been designed primarily for performing laboratory CBR, Marshall stability and quick undrained triaxial tests on one load frame. It is particularly suitable for those laboratories carrying out a mix of these tests, e.g. for road construction. The compact bench mounting design comprises a twin column frame incorporating a motorised drive system. A robustly constructed case houses the drive system, with careful attention being given to the prevention of ingress of water or grit. All operating controls are mounted on the front panel of the machine.

Electronic measurement is achieved using the optional EL27-1200/09 Electronic Control and Readout Unit (ECU) and appropriate load and axial displacement transducers, see catalogue Section 27. With digital readout, data logging capability and download software included as standard, the Multiplex 50/ECU combination provides unique features safeguarding not only the testing equipment, but also test integrity and accuracy.

Among these, the ECU will check its testing mode (CBR, Marshall, etc) against the frame speed setting and will not permit the test to run if these settings are incompatible. The ECU automatically configures its logging rate for each test type to comply with BS, ASTM or AASHTO Standards. This means the data exported from the ECU needs no further manipulation before analysis and reporting. Finally, if the upper limits of the transducers are exceeded, the ECU stops the load frame to protect the test accessories and load frame drive system.

Specification


Maximum vertical clearance 800 mm




Platen speed range 0.5 to 50.0 mm/min

Rapid approach speed 40 mm/min

Weight 100 kg

Ordering InformationEL25-3700/01 MultiPlex 50, mechanical load frame supplied complete with CBR stabilising bar. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.

AccessoriesElectronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09

CBR Stabilising Bar see EL24-9170 EL25-3650 Unconfined Compression Platens and Dial Gauge

Applications

u Marshall Stability testsu BS and ASTM CBR testsu Quick Undrained Triaxial testsu Unconfined Compression tests

EL25-3700 series MultiPlex 50

37


Triaxial Cells BS 1377; ASTM D2850, D4767; AASHTO T296, T297

u Working pressure up to 1700 kPa u All round visibility u Sample sizes 38 to 100 mm diameter u Rapid assembly and dismantlingu Accepts a range of interchangeable submersible load transducers

This range of precision made triaxial cells has been designed to meet the requirements of the modern soils laboratory. The cells have been treated to minimise corrosion. Particular attention has been paid to the quality of finish between the piston and the head. Final assembly includes the fitting of an O-ring seal and the use of special lubricant to reduce friction to a minimum and eliminate water leakage.

The piston load capacity is designed to accept high horizontal forces which may be present during the final stages of a test.

Each cell has five take-off positions drilled in the base for top drainage/back pressure, pore water pressure and bottom drainage.

Two no-volume change valves and an anvil for strain gauge/transducer datum are supplied for fitting to the cell.

A feature of these cells is that they all accept a single diameter piston. The internal height is such that a range of submersible load transducers can be fitted without any modification. Each cell will accept a range of base adaptors and various accessories for testing a wide range of specimens.


Specification

Model number EL25-4047 EL25-4117 EL25-4157

Cell size 50 mm 70 mm 100 mm

Max. specimen size

50 x 100 mm

70 x 140 mm

100 x 200 mm

Working pressure

1,700 kPa 1,700 kPa 1,700 kPa

Max. piston load

45 kN 45 kN 45 kN

Vertical clearance required

380 mm

430 mm 515 mm

Horizontal clearance required

155 mm 180 mm 255 mm

Weight 4 kg 7.3 kg 14.3 kg


Triaxial Cells with Base Adaptors

38



Accessories for Triaxial cells

Aggressive Materials

Although all products are treated to inhibit corrosion, certain aggressive materials may attack the metal components. Examples of this are samples obtained from the seabed or containing high concentrations of sulphates or chlorides.

Where aggressive materials are to be tested, ELE will be pleased to offer advice on any special requirements.

Ordering InformationEL25-8090 Silicone Grease Lubricant Tube

EL25-4200 Piston Restraint Clamp to lock loading piston in position.

Submersible load transducers see EL27-1573 and EL27-1575

Specimen Base Adaptor

Each cell will require the correct size of specimen base adaptor relative to the size (diameter) of sample to be tested.

Note: all base adaptors are double perforated for bottom drainage/pore pressure measurement. They are supplied complete with a solid disc for use in tests where no drainage is required.

Compatibility of Base Adaptors with Cells


Specimen size

Cell model number

EL25-4047 EL25-4117 EL25-4157

Maximum specimen dia 50 mm



38 mm EL25-4166 - -

50 mm EL25-4168 EL25-4174 -

70 mm - EL25-4176 -

100 mm - - EL25-4186

Base Adaptors

Tritest 50 complete with Triaxial Cell and Transducers

39


Axial Displacement (strain) and Load Measurement

Various methods of measuring axial displacement and load can be supplied.

All devices comply with the accuracy specified in BS 1377; ASTM D2850, D4767. Displacement and load transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.

Ordering InformationEL25-4210 Dial Gauge. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm.

Accessories50 mm Displacement Transducer. 5 pin DIN socket see EL27-1617

Various methods of measuring load can be supplied, these include load rings, S-type and submersible load transducers. The capacity of the load measurement device will invariably be selected with reference to the type of specimen and its size. For detailed specification of axial displacement and load measurement devices refer to EL27 and EL78 sections of the catalogue.

As a general guide, suggested load measurement capacities are as follows:

Type of Soil Capacity (max)

Clays 4.5 kN

Frictional materials 20 kN

Soft rocks, frictional soils at high cell pressures 50 kN

Sample Preparation Sample Diameter 38 mm 50 mm 70 mm 100 mm

O-Ring placing tool EL25-4290 EL25-5470 EL25-6470 EL25-7610

Suction membrane device EL25-5100 EL25-5480 EL25-6480 EL25-7640

Two-way split former EL25-5120 EL25-5500 EL25-6500 EL25-7650

Two-part split mould EL25-5130 EL25-5530 EL25-6530 –

10 ml single-tube drainage burette EL25-4540 EL25-4540 EL25-4540 –

Valve complete with 6 mm connector EL25-4520 EL25-4520 EL25-4520 EL25-4520

Quick undrained tests The following items will be required in addition to those listed for quick undrained tests:

Pressure Pad EL25-5050 EL25-5430 EL25-6430 EL25-7590

Rubber membrane (pack of 10) EL25-5061 EL25-5441 EL25-6441 EL25-7621

Length 150 mm 200 mm 250 mm 330 mm

Thickness 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm

Membrane sealing ring (pack of 10) EL25-5081 EL25-5461 EL25-6461 EL25-7631

Additional items for consolidated undrained and drained tests Porous disc (pack of 2) EL25-5181 EL25-5561 EL25-6561 EL25-7661

Filter paper drain (pack of 50) EL25-5200 EL25-5580 EL25-6580 EL25-7670


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De-aired Water

It is particularly important that water from which dissolved air has been removed is used in the pore pressure measurement system and saturation procedures. Any dissolved air in the water will lead to errors in the measurement of pore pressure, particularly at low pressures, and also give slow or incorrect saturation results.

ELE De-aired Water Apparatus BS 1377

This compact self-contained unit will de-air water quickly and efficiently down to levels of dissolved oxygen acceptable for geotechnical test methods.

Air is removed from the water by a vacuum system, which continuously circulates the water in the tank.

The unit is supplied with a clear water container, which will hold a maximum of 15 litres of water. Input and output lines are formed using standard 6 mm tube connectors. Dimensions 380 x 356 x 470 mm (l x w x h).Weight 13 kg.

Ordering InformationEL25-1833/01 ELE De-aired Water Apparatus for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

EL25-1833/01 ELE De-aired Water Apparatus

41

26 Soil Testing - Pressure Systems

Pressure Systems

The provision and use of constant pressure systems in the geotechnical laboratory is essential if testing methods and equipment are to be fully utilised. Generally a number of independent and variable pressure sources will be required in a laboratory. Accurate and reliable monitoring systems will also be required, which may range from a single pressure gauge through a whole series of transducers.

We offer a range of products designed to supply and monitor all those parameters necessary for the successful testing of geotechnical materials. Two types of constant pressure systems are available:

1. Air/water system operated by a pneumatic compressor 2. A motorised oil/water system

Air/Water Constant Pressure System

Where a laboratory requires a number of constant but independent and variable pressure sources, the use of a pneumatic compressor is recommended. Depending on the capacity and volume of the unit, a series of pressure sources can be provided to various test stations around the laboratory. Two sizes of compressor are available.

Ordering Information700 kPa Air Compressor Unit see EL83-1730/01

1000 kPa Air Compressor Unit see EL83-1735/01

Pressure Reducing Panels and Bladder Assemblies

Compressed air must be controlled and delivered to a system designed to transfer the controlled pressure to the fluid (usually water), which applies the various test pressures, e.g. a confining pressure in a triaxial test.

The pressure reducing panels are used in conjunction with a bladder-type air/water interface assembly. Each individual pressure take off from the reducing panel will require a bladder interface assembly.

Connection of the reducing panels to the compressor/water trap outlet and to other reducing panels requires the use of EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing.

Ordering InformationEL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assembly with transparent plastic chamber for operating continuously at pressures up to 1000 kPa. A length of tubing is provided for connecting the air/water cylinder outlet to a pressure measuring system. Weight 5.6 kg.

SpareEL26-1746/10 Replacement Bladder

EL26-1760 1000 kPa Two-way Pneumatic Pressure Reducing Panel comprising two constant pressure reducing valves with inlet water trap and pressure indicator. The unit allows a maximum output pressure of 1000 kPa. Maximum input pressure should not exceed 1400 kPa. The panel has an inlet connector to accept EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing from the Air Compressor and two 6 mm outlets for connecting EL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assemblies. An outlet connector is fitted for the connection of an additional panel using EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing to increase the total capacity of the system. This outlet is blanked off when not required. Weight 4 kg.

AccessoryEL26-1769 Nylon Tubing. 30 metre length. For pressures up to 1700 kPa. Used for connecting Air Compressors to Pneumatic Pressure Reducing Panels, or for connecting two Pressure Reducing Panels together. Weight 2 kg.


EL26-1760 1000 kPa Two-way Pneumatic Pressure Reducing Panel

EL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assembly

42



6-Way Pressure Distribution Panel

The six-way pressure control systems have been designed specifically for the monitoring of up to six independent pressures. They are particularly useful for setting up and controlling a 3-cell effective stress system using three independent cells and three independent back pressures.

EL26-1872 is for use with pneumatic systems. The panel is used in conjunction with EL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel which provides pressure monitoring and facilities for filling and de-airing the system.

Ordering InformationEL26-1872 6-Way Pneumatic Pressure Panel comprising six pneumatic control valves mounted in a housing for controlling six independant outlets. Supplied with connection ports for coupling panel to EL26-1880. Maximum inlet pressure 1400 kPa maximum outlet pressure 1000 kPa.

Twin-burette Volume Change Unit

Fitted with reversing valve and by-pass valve. The unit is fitted with burettes graduated 0 to 100 ml x 0.2 ml and is mounted on a solid panel for wall or bench mounting.

Ordering InformationEL26-1892 Twin-burette Volume-change Unit supplied with 100 ml capacity x 0.2 ml burettes. Weight 8.3 kg.

AccessoriesEL26-1900 Red Dye, Kerosene-soluble

System Accessories

Ordering InformationEL26-1922 6 mm Connector with sealing washer

EL26-1926 Nylon Opaque Tubing. 6 mm outside diameter x 4 mm inside diameter. For use up to a pressure of 3500 kPa. Priced per metre.

EL26-1928 6 mm Elbow Connector

EL26-1930 6 mm T-connector

EL26-1892 Twin-burette Volume-change Unit

43


Oil/Water Constant Pressure System

u 0 to 1700 kPa (250 lbf/in2) fully variable u Continuous constant pressure controlu One litre capacity

The ELE oil/water constant pressure system, PressureTest 1700, is extremely versatile and can be used in conjunction with a wide range of test equipment. The unit provides continuous variable pressure up to 1700 kPa. Pressure is increased or decreased simply by turning a control wheel.

The apparatus is supplied without a gauge for those customers who have suitable pressure monitoring equipment. A digital pressure gauge is offered as an accessory.

The machine features a clear hydraulic/water interface reservoir and up to one litre capacity of water is available under pressure. Ordering InformationEL26-1800/01 PressureTest 1700. Dimensions (without gauge) 240 x 400 x 500 mm (l x w x h). Weight 17 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

AccessoriesEL26-1820 Digital pressure gauge 1700 kPa

SparesEL26-1805 Oil, 5 litres

Modular Pressure Panel System

u Modular system for flexibility u Wall mountingu Four outlets u 6 mm diameter pipework for quick filling and draining u Standard type valves on all units – on/off with no volume change u Ideal system for geotechnical laboratories

This modular system provides flexibility and cost saving by enabling only those units that are relevant to the particular testing requirements to be selected. It is simple to update the system with the addition of other units, which can be quickly connected together.

The units may be used with a variety of pressure systems, such as pneumatic and oil/water, and are designed to accept pressures up to 1700 kPa where appropriate.

Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel

This is the main pressure display in the system for monitoring various pressures and also provides fine control of pressure within the system using the rotary hand pump. The unit is fitted with a dual calibrated 250 mm diameter pressure gauge, four inlet/outlet no-volume change valves, screw controlled rotary hand pump, water reservoir and isolating valves. The unit is housed in a hinged case for wall or bench mounting. By using an isolating valve the panel may be used to monitor cell or back pressure.

Ordering InformationEL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel with dual calibrated pressure gauge, 1700 kPa and 250 lbf/in2. Weight 12 kg.

SpareEL26-1865/10 Pressure Gauge 1700 kPa. 250 mm diameter. Weight 2.5 kg.


EL26-1800 series Pressure Test 1700

EL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel

26 Soil Testing - Direct Shear and Vane Tests

44

Direct Shear and Vane Tests

Every building or structure that is built in or on the earth imposes loads on the soil supporting the foundations. The stresses set up in the soil cause deformation of the soil with stress failure being caused by slippage of soil particles, which may lead to sliding of one body of soil relative to the surrounding mass.

The process is known as shear failure and occurs when shear stresses set up in the soil mass exceed the maximum shear resistance that the soil can offer, i.e. its shear strength.

Direct/Residual Shear ApparatusBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D3080

u Microprocessor controlu Large on-board LCD screen displayu Direct entry via touch sensitive keyboard u Rapid approach and return to start datumu Fully variable speed, 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/minuteu Accepts specimens up to 100 mm square

The ELE Direct Shear Apparatus accepts specimens 60 mm, 100 mm square or 2.5 inches in diameter.

The use of a microprocessor controlled drive system and keyboard entry gives the apparatus a wide range of features that include pause and speed reset during test, RS 232C interface, operator programming of speed and control functions, self test diagnostics and many other features. A return to start datum provides a positive means of reversing the shearbox when either preparing for a new test or continuing with residual testing procedures.

Safety forward/reverse travel limit switches are fitted as standard and monitored through the electronics system control.

The electronics are housed in a modern moulded shroud, which includes a large LCD display and keyboard entry. The apparatus is enclosed in a robustly constructed case, has been designed for floor mounting and is supplied complete with carriage, loading hanger and 10:1 lever loading device.

Specification


Speed rangeStandard speeds Fast forward/reverse

0.00001 to 9.99999 mm 10 mm per minute

Weight 82 kg

Ordering InformationEL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus supplied without shearbox, load ring, vertical and horizontal dial gauges.

EL26-2114/01 for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph. EL26-2114/02 for 110 – 120 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

Measurement of Load(Shear Stress)

Various methods of measuring load can be supplied. All load measurement devices comply with the requirements for accuracy specified in BS 1377 and ASTM D3080.Transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.

The table below shows a range of devices available for fitting to EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus. For detailed specification refer to relevant catalogue sections.

Capacity 2 kN 3 kN 4.5 kN

Load ring compression only

EL78-0060 EL78-0160 EL78-0260

S-type Load Cell 5.0 kN capacity see EL27-1561

EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus




45

Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Movement

Horizontal and vertical movement is measured using dial gauges or displacement transducers. All devices comply with the accuracy specified in BS 1377 and ASTM D3080 and are supplied with a calibration certificate.

The table below shows devices available for fitting to EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus. For detailed specification refer to relevant catalogue sections. All devices are supplied complete with mounting brackets as required.

Vertical Dial Gauge see EL25-0440

Horizontal Dial Gauge see EL83-5456

Vertical Displacement Transducer see EL27-1689

Horizontal Displacement Transducer see EL27-1697

Application of Normal Stress

Normal stress is applied to the specimen through the lever loading device and the appropriate slotted weights, which can be selected from the table below.

Slotted Weights

Model no. Weight

EL26-2132 50 kg Set of Weights, comprising: 4 x 10 kg, 1 x 5 kg, 2 x 2 kg, 1 x 1 kg

EL26-2137 10 kg

EL26-2139 5 kg

EL26-2141 2 kg

EL26-2143 1 kg

EL26-2145 0.5 kg

EL26-2147 0.25 kg

Shear Box AssembliesBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D3080

All shearbox assemblies are designed to fit the carriage of EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus. They are supplied complete with two porous plates, one retaining plate and a loading pad. The three sizes supplied comply with the relevant requirements of BS 1377 and ASTM D3080. All assemblies can be used for quick shear tests or drained/residual shear tests.

Optional accessories are available including specimen cutters and extrusion tools. The table shows the complete range of shearbox assemblies and accessories. Shearbox Assemblies

EL26-2181 EL26-2197 EL26-2213

Specimen area

60 x 60 mm

100 x 100 mm

2.5 inch dia

Specimen thickness

25 mm

25 mm 1 inch

Weight 2 kg 5.2 kg 2.8 kg

Relevant Standard

BS 1377

BS 1377 ASTM D3080

Accessories and Spares

Porous Disc

EL26-2181/10 EL26-2197/10 EL26-2213/10

Specimen Cutter

EL26-2185 EL26-2201 EL26-2217

Specimen Extrusion Tool

EL26-2189

EL26-2205 EL26-2221

Application of Normal Stress

We offer software packages designed to record and analyse test results. Presentation of results is in test report format giving geotechnical engineers total control over all areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is required.

Software packages are described in the EL27 section of the catalogue.

Control system of EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus

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Pocket Shearmeter

The shearmeter can be used on tube samples, on the sides of pits, cuttings etc. It is an invaluable tool for initial site investigation work.

Ordering InformationEL26-2261 Pocket Shearmeter complete with sensitive vane, standard vane and high-capacity vane. Range 0 to 1 x 0.05 kgf/cm2. Weight 300 g.

Laboratory Vane ApparatusBS 1377

The equipment is based on a design by the Transport Research Laboratory, England, and is available in hand or motorised versions. Stress is applied through the 12.7 x 12.7 mm vane by means of any one of four calibrated springs. The motorised version produces a shearing rate of 10º per minute.

Ordering InformationEL26-2270 Laboratory Vane Apparatus. Hand-operated, complete with 4 calibrated springs and a 12.7 mm diameter x 12.7 mm long vane. Weight 7.5 kg.

AccessoriesEL26-2281 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 19 mm long.

EL26-2283 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 25.4 mm long.

SparesEL26-2275/10 Set of 4 Calibrated Springs for Laboratory Vane Apparatus.

EL26-2279 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 12.7 mm long.

Inspection Vane

This instrument is an essential tool for civil engineers involved in site investigation work. The unit is supplied in kit form with a carrying case incorporating the measuring head, extension rods, vanes, etc. The measuring head comprises a T-handle that is spring-loaded against the extension rod adaptor. Weight 3 kg. Ordering InformationEL26-3335 H-60 Field Inspection Vane Tester. Range 0 to 260 kPa, in carrying case with 6 x 0.5 metre extension rods, 3 vanes, dummy vane and tools. Supplied complete with Calibration Certificate.

SparesEL26-3335/11 H-605 Extension Rod

EL26-2261 Pocket Shearmeter

EL26-3335 H-60 Field Inspection Vane Tester

EL26-2270 Laboratory Vane Apparatus

47

27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation

Data Logging, Software and Electronic Instrumentation

u Multi-taskingu Stand-alone systemsu Digital readout unitsu Total solutionsu Systems consultancy serviceu Wide range of PC compatibility

At ELE we have long specialised in the development of intelligent processing and recording systems. Over the years, our knowledge, skills and resources have enabled us to help customers move from the early stages of simple digital readout units, through dedicated computer control, to the latest intelligent stand-alone data acquisition systems.

In each case our expertise in both hardware and software allows us to deliver dedicated condition monitoring and software solutions that meet the exact needs of our customers, while retaining optimum system performance, functionality and reliability.

Important Ordering Information

To ensure that we are able to respond quickly and accurately to your enquiry please be prepared to give us as much information as possible on your hardware and peripherals.

Our team of highly qualified engineers are always available to provide technical advice and will, if necessary, design turnkey laboratory facilities around your requirements.


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ELE Datasystem Geotechnical Testing

u System comprises software, ADU datalogger and Transducers u Options available for Triaxial, Consolidation, Direct/Residual Shear and CBR tests u Automates data logging, analysis and reporting to British Standards and ASTM/AASHTOu Accurate and repeatable test proceduresu Multi-tasking; perform several tests concurrentlyu Easily expandableu Import and export of sample data in AGS format

The ELE DataSystem is a unique instrument designed to interface with laboratory testing equipment, thereby allowing technicians to perform other activities. It provides geotechnical engineers with fully automated data collection and analysis capabilities for the laboratory.

The system has been tailored to suit the requirements of a wide range of customers including commercial testing laboratories, educational and government bodies. Contractors and consultants will quickly realise the productivity benefits of ELE DataSystem, while students in educational institutions will have the added benefit of direct involvement in the use of computer technology related to conventional materials testing methods.

Through ELE DataSystem and your computer, you will achieve not only professional testing procedures in accordance with industry standards, but also cost-effective benefits in productivity and reduced operator fatigue. You can eliminate the need for overtime, night shifts and weekend shifts for data logging purposes, while automated logging enables greater utilisation of working hours. Considerable time can also be saved in the recording and calculation of tests, with automatic printing and plotting of test results for direct entry into reports.

The ELE DataSystem can be configured to work on a wide variety of laboratory testing devices, including equipment not manufactured by ELE. Our highly trained technical service group is always available to help develop a system that best meets your requirements.

Datasystem 7 Geotechnical Software

u Windows® compatible software packages u Automatic Report Generation in accordance with British Standards and ASTM/AASHTO (MS Word required)u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and printer as required u Tests can be performed using SI, Imperial or Metric units u Test stages have built-in functions to aid ‘on the fly’ calculation of set-up parameters where appropriate

DataSystem 7 Geotechnical software is a powerful data analysis and reporting software suite designed to work in conjunction with ELE’s ADU datalogger and Transducers. The software incoporates advanced features such as intelligent data analysis, automatic report generation (MS Word required), and AGS data exchange compatibility.



ELE Datasystem equipment can be divided into three main groups

ELE DataSystem SoftwareSpecially writeen spftware packages designed to record, analyze, and report test data guiding the user through testing procures in accordance with British Standards or ASTM/AASHTO.

ELE Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit (ADU)A sophisticated data acquisition unit with on-board intelligence and memory capability.

ELE DataSystem series TransducersA complete range of transducers linking popular geotechnical soils testing devices to the ADU.

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Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit (ADU)

u Up to 32 input channelsu Up to 100 readings per second in normal multi-tasking mode u Standard RS 232C interfaceu Compatible with a complete range of transducers for almost any test requirements

The ADU is a sophisticated data acquisition unit that provides the link between your computer and the transducers connected to test equipment.

With complete on-board intelligence and memory capabilities, the ADU takes control of the data acquisition process. The user is not required to do any programming. All test initiation functions and data transfer procedures are handled by the microcomputer and ADU software. With all real time activities controlled by the ADU, the computer may be used for other purposes while testing is in progress.

Housed in a free-standing case, the ADU is supplied complete with an 8-channel input module. The unit can easily be upgraded to a capacity of 32 channels through the optional 8-channel Expansion Modules.

Specification

Dimensions (l x w x h)

406 x 445 x 178 mm

Case Free-standing, houses power supply, analogue to digital conversion mod-ule, 128k bytes of memory storage and an 8-channel analog input mod-ule with transducer energisation

Sockets Standard 5-pin DIN type

Input range ± 5 volts to ± 10 mV full scale

Transducer supply 10 V DC

Weight 11.3 kg


EL27-1495/01 Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit (ADU) for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.

Accessory

EL27-1502-Channel Expansion Analogue Input Module

S-type Load Cells

u Repeatability better than ± 0.02% of rated output u Non-Linearity better than ± 0.03% of rated outputu Supplied complete with 5-pin DIN type connector for connection to ADU

Ideally suited for a wide range of applications, ELE S-type load cells provide high accuracy and minimum deformation. Various models are available, with the necessary adaptors, for use with ELE Triaxial Load Frames, Multiplex 50/Marshall Test 50/CBR Test 50 and Direct Shear machine.

Specification

Excitation 10 V AC or DC

Output Non Linearity

2.7 mV/V nominal better than ± 0.03% of rated output

Construction Aluminium alloy/stainless steel

Environmental protection

IP65

Ordering InformationS-type Load Cells for triaxial tests EL27-1551 5.0 kN capacity EL27-1553 10.0 kN capacity EL27-1555 25.0 kN capacity

S-type Load Cells for CBR and Marshall tests EL27-1559 50 kN capacity

S-type Load Cell for use with Direct Shear Machine EL27-1561 5.0 kN capacity


S-type Load Cells

50


Submersible Load Transducers

u Eliminates effects of piston friction on readingsu Unaffected by cell confining pressures u Easily installed in triaxial cell u Supplied complete with calibration certificate and 5-pin DIN type connector for use with ADU

Submersible Load Transducers are used to measure accurately the axial loads applied to triaxial test specimens. Consisting of a load cell and piston assembly these units replace the standard triaxial cell loading piston. A major advantage is that these transducers measure loads directly on top of the specimen. All transducers are supplied complete with a 5-pin DIN type connector and calibration certificate.

Specification

Dimensions 75 x 50 mm (dia x h) excluding piston and adaptor

Overload capacity 150%

Output 26 mv full range

Excitation 10 V DC (15 V DC max)

Non-linearity 0.1% maximum

Hysteresis Deflection 0.1% maximum 0.05 mm at full load

Side force 50% full scale maximum without effect

Connector 5-pin DIN plug

Compensated temperature range

0 to 50°C

Weight 850 g

Ordering InformationEL27-1573 5.0 kN capacity Submersible Load Transducer

EL27-1575 10 kN capacity Submersible Load Transducer

AccessoryEL27-1293 Distance Piece required when using submersible load cells.

Displacement Transducers

u Ideally suited for use with ADU for accurate displacement measurementsu Models available for use in consolidation, shear, CBR and triaxial test applications u Supplied complete with mounting hardware for specified products

Displacement Transducers are used in consolidation, shear, CBR and triaxial test applications for accurate displacement measurements. They are supplied complete with a 5-pin DIN type connector for direct connection to the ADU.

Specification

Construction Fully encapsulated electronics, sealed in a stainless steel case

Excitation 10 V DC

Connector 5-Pin DIN type

Mounting bracket Included as standard

Weight 0.45 kg

Ordering InformationEL27-1617 Axial Strain Transducer. 0 to 50 mm range. For use with Triaxial Cells.

EL27-1649 Consolidation Displacement Transducer. 0 to 10 mm range. For use on One-dimensional Consolidation Apparatus.

EL27-1689 Vertical Displacement Transducer. 0 to 10 mm range. For use with Direct/Residual Shear Machines.

EL27-1697 Horizontal Displacement Transducer. 0 to 10 mm range. For use on Direct/Residual Shear Machines.

EL27-1705 CBR Displacement Transducer. 0 to 50 mm range. For use on CBR Tritest and Multiplex Series Load Frames.


Displacement Transducer

51


Volume Change Transducer

u Reversing valves to increase capacityu Steel case for wall mounting and access to piping u Supplied complete with calibration certificate

The Volume Change Transducer provides continuous measurements of volume change during the triaxial test. The assembly includes a valve to reverse the flow through the unit, providing increased capacity.

Specification

Overall dimensions (l x w x h)

178 x 229 x 368 mm

Maximum pressure 1700 kPa

Excitation 10 V DC

Output 1.25 full range

Capacity 80 ml

Connector 5-Pin DIN type

Weight 4.5 kg

Ordering InformationEL27-1641 Volume Change Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducers are used to measure the cell, pore and back pressures during triaxial testing. Assemblies are supplied complete with a de-airing block, valve, 5-pin DIN plug connector and calibration certificate.

Specifications

Construction Stainless steel

Excitation 10 V DC

Output 143 mV full range

Thread ¼“ BSP

Ordering InformationEL27-1633 Pressure Transducer, 1700 kPa

Digital Pressure Gauge

The Digital Pressure Gauge offers highly accurate pressure measurement and digital readout for ELE triaxial cells.

Ordering InformationEL27-1620 Digital Pressure Gauge,1700 kPa, for ELE Triaxial Cells


EL27-1641 Volume Change Transducer EL27-1620 Digital Pressure Gauge

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u Windows® compatible programs available for Triaxial, Permeability Consolidation, Direct/ Residual Shear and CBR tests u Automatic Report Generation in accordance with British and ASTM /AASHTO Standards (MS Word required) u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and printer as required during test u Tests can be performed using SI, Imperial or Metric units u Comprehensive Help screens u Facility to enlarge on-screen transducer readings during test monitoringu AGS (Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists) file compatibility for electronic exchange of data u 5-slope transducer calibration facility for higher accuracy u Useful built-in calculators (e.g. for determining rates of strain, weights for consolidation, etc)

With the growing demand for automated testing, we offer the DataSystem 7 suite of geotechnical data acquisition, analysis and reporting software providing significant efficiency benefits in high volume testing laboratories.

DataSystem 7 is designed to record, analyse and report test data per British, ASTM and AASHTO Standards, for Quick-undrained Triaxial, CU/CD Triaxial, Permeability in a triaxial cell in accordance with BS 1377, Consolidation, Direct/Residual Shear and CBR tests.

The software runs on a computer connected to the ELE ADU data logger with transducers and has been designed and written for use by engineers and technicians.

Each package is user-friendly and guides the user through the test procedure in accordance with the selected Standard (BS or ASTM/AASHTO). Standard screen layouts present sample details, test stage, menu options and data entry.

The engineer has total control over those areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is required. The test techniques and methods follow generally accepted geotechnical engineering practice.

All test data and reports are automatically filed in a folder structure based on Job Number, Test Type and Sample Number. Files for each test are given a unique name, based on sample ID, date and time. This system allows easy identification of historical test data and ensures that test data will never be accidentally overwritten.

To take full advantage of the extensive reporting facility the package provides, Microsoft Word (Version 97 or later) should be resident on the system. This facility will allow reports to be generated automatically.

The packages of software required are accessed by an activation code, supplied by ELE, allowing the customer to build up a suite of software on an as required basis. Each module is self-contained and can be integrated into the system at any time.


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DS7 Geotechnical Software

u Tests are run with step-by-step instructions selectable between BS and ASTM/AASHTO Standards u Automatic Report Generation in accordance with BS and ASTM/AASHTO Standards (MS Word required)u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and printer as requiredu Compatible with Windows® operating systems from Windows 95 onwards

DS7 Quick Undrained Triaxial Software

u Options for single or multi-stage testing on sample u Mohr circles produced for graphical analyses

Ordering InformationEL27-1750 Quick Undrained Triaxial Software. Options are available for a single test on one sample, standard three-sample procedure with linking of the results, or for a multi-stage test on one sample. Load and strain are monitored through transducers. Various printouts and graphical plots are available including basic sample data, moisture content and density. The program tabulates shearing data and plots stress against strain. Mohr circles are produced for graphical analyses

DS7 CU/CD Effective Stress Triaxial Software

u Complete package for consolidated drained and consolidated undrained triaxial tests

Ordering InformationEL27-1760 CU/CD Effective Stress Triaxial Software. This advanced package includes procedures for consolidated drained and consolidated undrained tests. Standard options are available for saturation, consolidation and shearing with automatic monitoring of the various parameters through transducers linked to the system. Load, strain, volume-change, pore-pressure, cell pressure and back pressure can all be monitored. Various prints and graphical plots are available to the engineer and include saturation data such as pore pressure build-up and B values, consolidation, volume change against time, shearing load versus strain with pore pressure monitoring.

DS7 Permeability in a Triaxial Cell Software

u Comprehensive Help screens includedu Clear test information presented

Ordering InformationEL27-1765 Permeability in a Triaxial Cell Software (BS 1377). This program provides data for the determination of permeability of soil specimens using a triaxial cell and two volume change units in accordance with BS 1377.

DS7 One-dimensional Consolidation Software

u Automatic compensation for frame deformation

Ordering InformationEL27-1770 One-dimensional Consolidation Software. DataSystem Consolidation Software provides all basic functions needed to record and analyse consolidation test data. Options are available for monitoring settlement on a log time or square-root time basis. Printouts and graphical plots are available for all stages including Mvand Cv moisture content, voids ratio plots, and initial sample conditions.

DS7 Direct/Residual Shear Software

u Options for both quick undrained and drained shear tests u Single or Multiple stagesu Automatic compensation for frame deformation

Ordering InformationEL27-1790 Direct/Residual Shear Software. This unique package provides test options for quick undrained or drained shear tests with the user selectable option of residual testing. Individual test results can be linked together to produce the Coulomb Envelope. Printouts and plots are available for sample description and basic test data such as moisture content, etc. Real-time plots of settlement, shear versus displacement and vertical displacement during shearing is readily available via the computer screen or printer.

DS7 CBR Penetration Software

u Two tests can be combined under the summary report for top and base of sample test results

Ordering InformationEL27-1795 CBR Penetration Software. This program provides the classical data for the CBR test. Load and penetration are monitored simultaneously. The program tabulates the results and provides a graphical presentation report.

S 1100 DS7 Software Suite comprising the following programs, Undrained and CU-CD, Triaxial, Permeability, Direct & Residual Shear, CBR and One-dimensional Consolidation tests.


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Transducer Extension Cables

Wired with a 5-pin DIN type plug at one end and a 5-pin DIN type socket at the other, these extension cables are used to increase the length of any ADU/ECU transducer cable.

Ordering InformationEL27-1715 Transducer Extension Cable, 1.5 m long

EL27-1717 Transducer Extension Cable, 3.0 m long

EL27-1719 Transducer Extension Cable, 4.5 m long

ELE Electronic Control Unit (ECU)

u Metric, Imperial, or SI Engineering Unitsu Test stop at transducer limits u Download software supplied as standard u Output for X/Yt plotter

The ELE-ECU is designed to operate with ELE CBR Test 50/Multiplex 50/Marshall Test 50 series testing machines to provide electronic measurement display and test data logging.

When used in conjunction with the CBR Test 50 and Marshall Test 50 series machines the ECU will check and select the correct test mode automatically against the frame type and will not permit an incorrect mode to be selected. The ECU also automatically configures its logging rate per test type to comply with the relevant BS, ASTM or AASHTO Standards.

The Multiplex50/ECU combination is ideal for many laboratories that have requirements for Quick-undrained, Unconsolidated undrained, Unconfined compression, CBR and Marshall testing.

With digital readout and datalogging capabilities, the Multiplex 50/ECU design has unique fool-proof features safeguarding not only the testing equipment, but test integrity and accuracy as well.

Ordering InformationEL27-1200/09 ECU Electronic Control and Readout Unit for use with ELE CBR, Multiplex and Marshall machines. Complete with download software.For 110 – 240 V AC 50 – 60 Hz 1ph.

For details of suitable Load and Displacement Transducers see Section 27 Electronic Instrumentation.


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29 Soil Testing - Bearing Capacity

Bearing Capacity

The design of foundations is a prerequisite of economic design and construction. In order to guard against shear failure and unacceptable ground movements due to loading it is often necessary to determine the ground bearing capacity.

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer

The TRL (Transport Research Laboratory) Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is used for rapid in-situ measurement of the structural properties of existing road pavement constructed with unbound materials. The unit incorporates an 8 kg weight with a drop of 575 mm, and a 20 mm diameter cone fitted to the end of the shaft, allowing measurements to be made down to a depth of approximately 850 mm.

Readings are usually taken after a set number of blows, changing the number according to the strength of the layer being penetrated. For good granular bases, readings every five to ten blows are satisfactory, but for weaker sub-base layers and subgrades, readings every one to two blows may be appropriate.

The DCP requires three operators, one to hold the instrument in a vertical position, one to raise the hammer and let it fall and one to record the results. A typical test takes only a few minutes, providing a very efficient method of obtaining information which would otherwise require the excavation of test pits. Where pavement layers have different strengths, boundaries can be identified and layer thickness determined.

Ordering InformationEL29-3720 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer supplied complete with all necessary tools, assembly and operating instructions. Assembled height 1965 mm, assembled weight 20 kg.

SpareEL29-3720/10 Replacement Cone

Pocket Penetrometer

A lightweight device for determining the approximate unconfined compressive strength and the estimation of shear strength, it can also be used to classify cohesive soils in terms of consistency.

The stainless steel plunger is pushed into the soil until the penetration mark is reached. The equivalent unconfined compressive strength of the soil can be read in kgf/cm2 or tons/ft2 from the maximum load indicator provided.

Important: the readings obtained from the pocket penetrometer do not replace laboratory test results due to the fact that a small area penetration test is inherently liable to give misleading results. The instrument should not be used for obtaining foundation design data.

Specification

Dimensions 19 x 162 mm

Range 0.25 to 4.5 kg/cm2

Scale divisions 0.25 kg/cm2

Load piston 6 mm dia, stainless steel

Carrying case Canvas, belt-loop style

Ordering InformationEL29-3729 ELE Pocket Penetrometer. Weight 80 g.

EL29-3729 ELE Pocket Penetrometer


EL29-3720 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer

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29 Soil Testing - Bearing Capacity

Plate Bearing Test EquipmentBS1377; EN 1997-3; ASTM D1194, D1195, D1196

Applications include the determination of bearing capacity of the soil in situ, designing for static loads on spread footings, and repetitive and non-repetitive plate loading tests of soils and flexible pavements.

Important: The equipment is used in conjunction with a reaction beam. This is not supplied with the equipment.

Ordering InformationEL29-3800 Plate Bearing Apparatus complete, comprising; Hydraulic Jack 500 kN capacity, Pressure system, datum bar, four x dial gauges 50 mm travel x 0.01 mm divisions and four bearing plates: 150 mm, 305 mm, 455 mm and 760 mm dia.

Specification

Pressure System

Loading jack 500 kN capacity with integral ball seating

Pump Hand operated, single speed with integral oil reservoir

Hose 3 m long. Maximum pressure 70 MPa with quick release couplings

Gauge 100 mm dia with quick release couplings and graphs to convert readings to kN, kgf and lbf

Weights Loading jack 24 kg Pressure system 12.5 kg

Bearing Plates

Manufactured from machined steel plate with a finished thickness exceeding 25 mm. The plate has concentric markings on one face. All plates are supplied with two lifting eyes except for the 150 mm dia plate.

Note: to successfully perform the test, a reaction load is required.


Plate Bearing Test Equipment

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29 Soil Testing - In-situ Density

In-situ Density

Many civil engineering projects require the use of fill material. Whenever soil is placed as an engineering fill, it is usually compacted to a dense state, to obtain satisfactory engineering properties. Compaction on site is usually effected by mechanical means such as rolling, ramming or vibrating. Control of compaction is necessary to achieve a satisfactory result at reasonable cost. Laboratory compaction tests provide the basis for control procedures used on site.

Proctor Penetrometer ASTM D1558

This spring-type penetrometer can be used in the field to control soil compaction. The stem is calibrated to 150 lbf x 2 lbf divisions, and a sliding collar indicates the applied load. A rapid estimate of the moisture content of soil can be obtained by comparing the amount of penetration of the needle for a corresponding load, with a laboratory determined moisture/density curve for a similar soil.

Ordering InformationEL29-3925 Proctor Penetrometer (spring type) with stainless steel adaptor stem for larger needles. Supplied with set of needle points. 1, 3/4, 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, /10, /20, 1/30 and 1/40 in2 area (645, 484, 323, 215, 129, 65, 32, 21.5 and 16 mm2) with adaptor for smaller needles. Weight 2.0 kg

EL29-3933 Case. An optional carrying case for the penetrometer and needle points.

Sand Replacement

This equipment is used to determine the dry density of in-situ soils. Apparatus is included which satisfies BS, ASTM and AASHTO specifications.

100 mm Pouring CylinderBS 1377, 1924

Ordering InformationEL29-4000 100 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder. Weight 3 kg.

EL29-4020 100 mm Calibrating Container. 100 mm inside diameter x 150 mm deep with 200 mm diameter rim. Weight 1.8 kg.

EL29-4040 Metal Tray. 300 mm square x 40 mm deep with a 100 mm diameter hole. Weight 1.4 kg.

150 mm Pouring Cylinder

Ordering InformationEL29-4100 150 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder. Weight 7.5 kg.

EL29-4120 150 mm Calibrating Container. 150 mm inside diameter x 150 mm deep with 250 mm diameter rim. Weight 3.6 kg.

EL29-4140 Metal Tray. 300 mm square x 40 mm deep with a 150 mm diameter hole.

200 mm Pouring Cylinder

Ordering InformationEL29-4200 200 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder. Weight 16 kg.

EL29-4220 200 mm Calibrating Container. 200 mm inside diameter x 250 mm deep with a 350 mm diameter rim. Weight 8 kg.

EL29-4240 Metal Tray. 500 mm square x 50 mm deep with a 200 mm diameter hole. Weight 2.7 kg.


EL29-3925 Proctor Penetrometer

Calibrating Container, Sand Pouring Cylinder, Metal Tray

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29 Soil Testing - In-situ Density

Sand Cone 6 InchASTM D1556; AASHTO T191

Ordering InformationEL29-4300 Sand Cone 6 inch (152 mm) comprising two cones with a shutter mechanism. Supplied without sand container. Weight 900 g.

EL29-4320 Sand Container. 5 litre capacity for fitting to EL29-4300. Weight 1.4 kg.

EL29-4340 Density Plate for 6 inch sand cone. The plate has a 6.5 inch diameter recessed hole to locate the sand cone. Weight 1.8 kg.

Accessory for sand pouring methods

Standard Sand see EL82-7401

Core-Cutter Apparatus

In this method of determining the dry density of in-situ soil, a core-cutter of known volume is driven into the soil by a rammer. The core-cutter is removed, trimmed and the soil obtained is weighed and dried for a moisture/density check.

100 mm diameter Core-CutterBS 1377

Ordering InformationEL29-5300 Core-Cutter. 100 mm inside diameter x 130 mm long, steel tube. Weight 1 kg.

EL29-5320 Driving Dolly for EL29-5300. Recessed to fit the core cutter. Weight 340 g. EL29-5340 Driving Rammer for use with EL29-5320. Comprises a steel rod, handle and base. Weight 13 kg.

Field Density Tools

Model no. Description Weight

EL29-5000 Density Spoon for removing soil from the hole

110 g

EL29-5020 Soft Headed Mallet 620 g

EL29-5060 Density Chisel, with hardened tip 750 g

EL29-5080 Metal Dibber Tool, for excavating hole

270 g

EL29-5120 Density Hand Pick for excavating in difficult ground

760 g

EL29-5140 Steel Pointed Rod, with wooden handle

250 g

EL29-4300 Sand Cone 6 inch

EL29-5300 Core-Cutter


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