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SOILS FOR FOOD SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: THE 4 PER MILLE INITIATIVE
Hervé SAINT MACARY, Cirad, on behalf of Inra, IRD & CGIAR
4‰ INITIATIVE : MULTIPLE ROLES OF
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (SOM)
PHYSICALQUALITY
CHEMICALQUALITY
SOIL ORGANICMATTER (SOM)
AGRO-ECOLOGICAL
QUALITY
BIOLOGICALQUALITY
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
UNCCD
8,9
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
12.5
4 ‰ THE ASSUMPTION
3 200 GT CO2
12.5
3 200
= 4‰
8,9
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
4 ‰ THE ASSUMPTION
10.610.6
Net biome productivity
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
How ?
Where does CO2 comes from ?
Where does it go ?
GPP
451 GtCO2 yrPlant Resp
220 GtCO2 yr
Net Primary
Productivity
231 GtCO2 yr
Heterotrophic
Respiration
Exportations
194 GtCO2 yr
Net Ecosystem
Productivity
37 GtCO2 yr
Disturbance
(Fire, ..)
26,4 GtCO2 yr
Net Biome
Productivity
10,6 GtCO2 yr
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
How ?
GPP
451 GtCO2 yrPlant Resp
220 GtCO2 yr
Net Primary
Productivity
231 GtCO2 yr
Heterotrophic
Respiration
Exportations
194 GtCO2 yr
Net Ecosystem
Productivity
37 GtCO2 yr
Disturbance
(Fire, ..)
26,4 GtCO2 yr
Net Biome
Productivity
10,6 GtCO2 yr
Actions are possible at different scales- G : global
- R : Regional- P : Plot- C : Crop
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
How ?
GPP
451 GtCO2 yrPlant Resp
220 GtCO2 yr
Net Primary
Productivity
231 GtCO2 yr
Heterotrophic
Respiration
Exportations
194 GtCO2 yr
Net Ecosystem
Productivity
37 GtCO2 yr
Disturbance
(Fire, ..)
26,4 GtCO2 yr
Net Biome
Productivity
10,6 GtCO2 yr
Increase the Gross Primary
Production- Soil restauration (G)
- Landscape management (R)
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
How ?
GPP
451 GtCO2 yrPlant Resp
220 GtCO2 yr
Net Primary
Productivity
231 GtCO2 yr
Heterotrophic
Respiration
Exportations
194 GtCO2 yr
Net Ecosystem
Productivity
37 GtCO2 yr
Disturbance
(Fire, ..)
26,4 GtCO2 yr
Net Biome
Productivity
10,6 GtCO2 yr
Reduce respirationProbably limited
potential
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
How ?
GPP
451 GtCO2 yrPlant Resp
220 GtCO2 yr
Net Primary
Productivity
231 GtCO2 yr
Heterotrophic
Respiration
Exportations
194 GtCO2 yr
Net Ecosystem
Productivity
37 GtCO2 yr
Disturbance
(Fire, ..)
26,4 GtCO2 yr
Net Biome
Productivity
10,6 GtCO2 yr
Agricultural practices- Conservation agriculture,
agroforestry (P)- Shoot / root ratio (C)- Soil & Rhizosphere
INITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
How ?
GPP
451 GtCO2 yrPlant Resp
220 GtCO2 yr
Net Primary
Productivity
231 GtCO2 yr
Heterotrophic
Respiration
Exportations
194 GtCO2 yr
Net Ecosystem
Productivity
37 GtCO2 yr
Disturbance
(Fire, ..)
26,4 GtCO2 yr
Net Biome
Productivity
10,6 GtCO2 yr
Use of the biomass(P, R, G)Monitor
plant quality (C)
> A strong political message
> Mobilization of knowledges :
interdisciplinary approaches towards a
common goal
> Combination and loops between several
levels
> Metrics and regular improvementsINITIATIVE 4PER 1 000
4 ‰ INITIATIVE
Upscaling or downscaling ?
4 ‰ INITIATIVE
Soilsfor foodsecurityand climatechange
THANK YOU
