SOIL SURVEY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Milan Sáňka

Centre for Environment and Land Assessment, Ekotoxa, ltd.

CZECH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL-WIDE SOIL SURVEYS

• COMPLEX SOIL SURVEY

• BASAL SOIL MONITORING SCHEME (BSMS)

• AGROCHEMICAL TESTING OF SOILS

• REGISTER OF CONTAMINATED SOILS

• INTEGRATED ADMINISTRATIVE AND CONTROL SYSTEM (IACS)

COMPLEX SOIL SURVEY

•Detailed field survey of the whole agricultural land•Creating areas of land ecology evaluation units (LEEU)•Digitizing maps in the scale 1:5000

Code of LEEU:

3.25.12 climatic region main soil unit

combination of slope and exposition

soil depth and stones content

COMPLEX SOIL SURVEYPURPOSE:Quantification of soil fertility, mainly for economical use (taxes, subsidies, levies)

StructureSTRUCTURE OF THE BASAL SOIL

MONITORING SCHEME

Monitoring system in protected areas(40 MP)

Ministry of environment

subsystem in regular conditions(190 MP)

Subsystem of contam. plots(27 MP)

Act No. 156/98 S.B. on fertilizersin wording of later regulationsDecree No. 275/98 S.B.

in wording of later regulations

Monitoring of agricultural soils(217 MP)

Monitoring of forest soilsIn the framework of ICP forest

Ministry of agriculture

Mapa BMP

Basal soil monitoring program Number of monitoring plots according to soil type

MKS P FAO

RM Dys tric Regos ols 4 0 4P R Calcaric Regos ols 2 0 2RA Rendzinas 5 0 5ČM Chernozems 17 2 19HM Orthic Luvis ols 36 1 37ČA P haeozems 3 1 4S M Greyzems 1 0 1LM Albic Luvis ols 15 2 17KM Cambis ols 62 9 71P G P lanos ols 13 3 16GL Gleys ols 11 0 11FM Fluvis ols 21 8 29KT Anthros ols 0 1 1

190 27 217All plo ts

All plo tsBas ic plotsContaminated

plotsS OIL TYP E

Basal soil monitoring program

Number of monitoring plots according to land use

arable s oil 146 19 165gras s land 29 5 34orchards 6 0 6vineyards 5 0 5hop gardens 4 3 7

All plots 190 27 217

LAND US E Bas ic plotsContaminated

plotsAll plo ts

Sampling scheme on a monitoring plot

2

no. 1 no.. 2 no.. 3 no. 4

individual sampling to get four composite samples

25 m

40 m

soil pit

Basal soil monitoring programSetting the soil characteristics

Unrepeated parameters monitored at establishing the monitoring plot• recording of the identification information of a monitoring plot• soil pit description• analyses of physical parameters (complete analyses of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples)

Parameters monitored in six years period• active and exchangeable soil reaction• contents of available nutrients - P, K, Mg, Ca analysed by several methods• contents of microelements (B, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe) • sorption capacity (S, T, V)• organic matter content (Cox )• risk element contents in nitric acid (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) and aqua regia (Al, As, Be,

Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, V, Zn) extraction and total Hg content

Yearly monitored parameters• content of mineral nitrogen• chosen microbiological and biochemical parameters • contents of selected organic pollutants (persistent organochloric pesticides, PCB, PAH)• contents of risk elements in plants on contaminated plots

Prve k Horizont ge om.průmě r me dian minimum maximum ge om.průmě r me dian minimum maximumO 1,14 1,16 0,27 4,02 1,24 1,25 0,53 3,55P 1,22 1,25 0,20 3,52 1,31 1,33 0,44 3,52O 0,25 0,28 0,12 5,94 0,27 0,27 0,05 4,21P 0,16 0,12 0,12 4,89 0,18 0,18 0,05 4,57

O 38,10 38,50 11,40 433,90 34,57 34,40 10,20 535,70P 38,85 39,50 6,20 525,70 36,26 36,60 7,70 556,70O 11,92 12,40 2,30 45,60 9,56 9,80 1,90 30,10P 12,47 12,70 2,60 57,10 10,08 10,30 1,70 42,40O 19,35 19,80 5,60 92,70 17,88 18,80 4,20 98,40P 17,73 18,90 4,20 64,40 16,74 17,20 2,50 63,10

O 22,65 23,90 5,90 173,00 19,78 21,90 4,70 255,60P 24,95 26,50 5,30 236,10 21,52 23,20 3,50 270,50O 25,90 24,90 7,10 237,40 20,63 20,40 7,30 169,00P 19,20 18,90 5,30 244,10 15,58 15,40 3,10 161,00O 48,99 49,10 15,70 275,10 42,07 41,50 13,80 193,90P 49,95 49,80 10,30 251,00 44,25 43,70 9,40 195,50O 79,48 78,20 25,90 718,20 63,03 62,00 19,00 558,70P 72,58 73,90 26,10 568,20 58,53 58,90 6,20 580,50

1992 1995

Be

Cd

Cr

Co

Cu

Ni

Pb

V

Zn

Basal soil monitoring programDescriptive statistics for the contents of risk elements in plough layer and subsoil

P

0,0

500,0

1000,0

1500,0

2000,0

2500,0

3000,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

průměr medián 95% průmě r medián 95%

základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch

m g .kg -1 K

0,0

5000,0

10000,0

15000,0

20000,0

25000,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

průmě r medián 95% průměr medián 95%

základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch

m g .kg -1

Ca

0,05000,0

10000,015000,020000,025000,030000,035000,040000,045000,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

průmě r medián 95% průměr medián 95%

základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch

m g .kg -1 Mg

0,05000,0

10000,015000,020000,025000,030000,035000,040000,045000,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

průmě r medián 95% průmě r medián 95%

základní s ubs ys tém s ubs ys tém kont ploch

m g .kg -1

Basal soil monitoring programDistribution of nutrients in soil profile

Basal soil monitoring programDistribution of risk elments in soil profile

Pb

0,0100,0200,0300,0400,0500,0600,0700,0800,0900,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%

zá kla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch

m g .kg -1 V

0,020,040,060,080,0

100,0120,0140,0160,0180,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%

zá kla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch

m g .kg -1

Zn

0,0

100,0

200,0

300,0

400,0

500,0

600,0

700,0

800,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%

zá kla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch

m g .kg -1 Cd

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

prům ě r m e diá n 95% prům ě r m e diá n 95%

zákla dní s ubs ys té m s ubs ys té m kont ploch

m g .kg -1

Pb - POLLUTED AREAS

01

23

45

67

8

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 120

140 160

180 200

220 240

třídy v mg.kg-1

če tnos t

ornice

podornič í

Pb - STANDRD CONDITIONS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

15 25 35 45 60 80

100

140 180 220

třídy v mg.kg-1

če tnos t

ornice

podornič íHistograms for

distribution of lead in plough layer and

subsoil – comparisonof standard conditions

with network in polluted areas.

Statistical results of soil monitoring program: Contents of PCBs

1998 1999 2000

plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil

ug.kg-1 arit. mean 4.80 3.33 4.79 3.22 7.00 3.30

median 2.60 1.50 2.43 1.90 1.50 1.50

max. 33.65 32.05 54.30 35.30 82.20 28.91

Statistical results of soil monitoring program: Contents of PAHs in soil(ug.kg-1)

1997 1998 1999 2000 plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil plough l. subsoil

ug.kg-1 arit. mean 986,3 433,3 693,6 454,5 928,6 642,5 1066,6 591,7 median 667,4 322,8 583,7 306,3 558,4 276,1 594,6 256,7 max. 6085,1 1185,4 2410,5 2285,8 9488,8 7081,3 6834,1 3519,2

Statistical results of soil monitoring program: Contents of organochloricpesticides in soil (ug.kg-1)

PLOUGH LAYER HCB DDEo, p´ DDEp, p´ DDDo, p´ DDDp, p´ DDTo, p´ DDTp, p´

ug.kg-1

arit. mean 2,26 1,60 24,6 1,65 4,61 35,7 81,3 median 1,74 < 1 5,83 < 1 1,35 12,2 53,5 max. 9,94 25,7 388 18,5 40,2 369 467

SUBSOIL HCB DDEo, p´ DDEp, p´ DDDo, p´ DDDp, p´ DDTo, p´ DDTp, p´

ug.kg-1

arit. mean 1,59 1,05 15,4 1,29 2,77 22,7 46,7 median < 1 < 1 2,68 < 1 0,87 7,50 29,5 max. 17,5 11,7 274 10,1 24,0 248 285

Basal soil monitoring programContents of PCB in plough layer on soil monitoring plots – comparison of

sampling 1997, 98, 99

PAH - ornice

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

20

01

20

03

29

01

29

02

29

03

29

04

29

05

30

17

30

23

39

01

40

23

40

24

49

01

49

02

49

03

50

05

50

17

59

01

59

03

59

05

60

19

60

24

69

03

70

30

70

45

79

01

79

02

79

03

79

04

80

08

80

10

80

19

80

21

80

26

89

01

89

02

89

03

89

04

89

05

89

06

Bu

kač

ka

Děv

ín

Kro

uže

k

Po

rážk

y

Stu

d. h

ora

čísla (názvy) pozorovacích ploch

µ g.kg-1

199719981999

pozorovací plochy Bazálního monitoringu půd CHÚ

6085 42459489 5884

AGROCHEMICAL TESTING OF SOIL

According to legislation – payed by stateThe purpose is to inform farmes on the state of nutrients in the soil Carried out only by certified organizationsAnalysed pH value and bioavailable content of P, K, Mg, CaRepeated in the period of six years on the whole area of agricultural soilOne composite sample consists of min. 30 individual samples from the area of 7-10 ha

Numbers of analysed samples and description statistics of the Registerof contaminated sites database. (2M HNO3 extraction).

Arithmetic mean

Geometric mean

Median Element No. of

samples mg.kg-1

Be 16677 0,472 0,418 0,430 Cd 40441 0,238 0,190 0,190 Co 22310 5,602 4,993 5,000 Cr 40452 7,100 4,978 4,600 Cu 36209 8,531 7,295 7,100 Hg 32477 0,105 0,082 0,080 Ni 35123 6,042 4,665 4,700 Pb 40478 18,647 15,499 14,900 V 20507 10,867 9,564 9,570 Zn 36257 19,385 16,619 16,000

Register of contaminated sites

prveke lement

lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils0,40 1,00 0,30 0,45

Maximálně přípus tné ho dnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrhované preventivní hodnoty Pro pos ed precautionary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible values (Decree No . 13/94 S .B.)

Cd (mg .kg -1)

Register of contaminated sites

prveke lement

lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils0,40 1,00 0,30 0,45

Maximálně přípus tné ho dnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrhované preventivní hodnoty Pro pos ed precautionary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible values (Decree No . 13/94 S .B.)

Cd (mg .kg -1)

Register of contaminated sites

prveke lement

lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils le hké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils40,00 40,00 20,00 25,00

Maximálně přípus tné hodnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrho vané preve ntivní hodnoty Pro pos ed pre cautio nary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible value s (Dec ree No . 13/94 S .B.)

Cr (mg .kg -1)

Register of contaminated sites

prveke lement

lehké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils le hké půdy s andy s o ils o s tatní půdy o ther s o ils40,00 40,00 20,00 25,00

Maximálně přípus tné hodnoty (vyhl. 13/94S b.) Navrho vané preve ntivní hodnoty Pro pos ed pre cautio nary limit valuesMaximum admis s ible value s (Dec ree No . 13/94 S .B.)

Cr (mg .kg -1)

Registr-internet

source- content bioavailability risk

chemical speciation

SOIL POLLUTION: relation of source – risk

microbiotafood chaingroundwaterpolicy, developmentanimalshumansplants

pHCECredox potentialformtexture……

Risk management

time, climate, anthropogenic activity

CZECH LPIS BASIC DESCRIPTION

• homogeneous geodatabase covering the whole country (finished June 2002)

• based on b&w aerial orthophoto maps (1998-2001)• direct consultations with 20.000 farmers (2000-2002)• physical blocks according to natural boundaries• internal block boundaries - block units (farmer’s blocks)• unique blocks coding based on national co-ordinate

grid• land use type, farmer’s ID, irrigation code, organic

farming code, agri-envi characteristics• information about stables and farm locations

Czech LPIS Quick Look 1/3

PRAHA

AUSTRIA SLOVAKIA

Czech LPIS Quick Look 2/3

SLOVAKIA

Czech LPIS Quick Look 3/3

Czech LPIS Detailed View