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International Soil Conference on Sustainable Uses of Soil in Harmony with Food Security
( 18-21 August, 2015)Bangkok, Thailand
Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India
1
Soil Health Card for Sustaining Productivity
Food Security
• Food Security – Global Challenge
• Assumes special significance for India, being thesecond largest populated country
• To maintain self sufficiency in food grainsproduction – Agriculture growth on sustainablebasis required
2
Indian Agriculture - Facts• Figures
– Accounts for about 14 % of GDP
– Annual average growth rate in production – 3.6%
– Provides livelihood to about 58% of the population
– Contributes 14% of total exports
• Area and landholdings– Net sown area – 142 million hectare
– Net irrigated area – 56 million hectares
– 85% of landholdings – Marginal (less than 1 ha) andSmall (1-2 ha)
– Multiple (15) agro-climatic zones
3
Indian Agriculture – FactsContd …
• Principal Crops and Production
– 3 major groups of crops
• Foodgrains (rice, wheat, pulses), Production = 245 milliontonnes
• Oilseeds, Production = 29 million tonnes
• Cash crops (cotton, sugarcane, jute), Production = 365million tonnes
4
Indian Agriculture –Challenges
• Focus - achieving self sufficiency in food grainsproduction with the existing land underagriculture
• For sustainable agricultural transformation -Need for policies with focus also on smallholdings, rainfed areas, lagging regions
5
National Agriculture Policy
National policy seeks to overcome challengesand achieve
• Annual growth rate of more than 4% on sustainable basis
• Efficient use of natural resources (soil, water , bio-diversityetc)
• Socio-economic well-being of farmers, besides productionand growth
• Equity across all classes of farmers/regions
• Sustainable Agriculture
6
Indian Agriculture – Thrust Areas
• Diversification of Agriculture
• Development of high yielding and climateresilient varieties of crops/seeds
• Water Management
• Conservation of soil and bio-diversity
• Soil Health Management
• Organic Farming
• Agri-Clinics and Agri-business Centres
• Farm mechanization
7
Soil• Soil, Land, Agriculture - Basis of food production
• Soil – Supplies crops with nutrients and water
• Continued intensive cropping without nutrients beingre-stored to soil – leads to deterioration in soil health –limiting food productivity
Healthy soil plays a key role in production of healthy food
Need for effective policies and actions for SoilHealth Management
8
National Soil Health PolicyObjectives of Government of India• Promote Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)
through soil test based balanced use of nutrients, inconjunction with organic manures
• Strengthening soil testing facilities
• Soil test based recommendations to farmers
• Promote use of soil amendments for reclamation ofacidic/ alkaline soils
• To support various types of soil and land resourcesurveys for creating a comprehensive soil database
9
Why New Scheme?
10
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2025
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Fo
od
gra
in p
rod
uct
ion
Elements deficient Foodgrain production (Mt)
N
Fe
N
K
P
Zn
Fe
N
Mn
S
K
P
Zn
Fe
N
B
Mn
S
K
P
Zn
Fe
N
B
Mn
S
K
P
Zn
Fe
N
Mo
B
Mn
S
K
P
Zn
Fe
N
?
Mo
B
Mn
S
K
P
Zn
Fe
N
Emerging nutrient
deficiencies
RANCHI (ALFISOLS)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
YearsO
C (%
)
100%NPK 100%NPK+ FYM Control
Declining organic
matter status
y = 1E+292x-88.1 (R2 = 0.949)
y = - 0.3434x + 692.52 (R2 = 0.830)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Years
PF
Pf
or
IFU
E (
kg f
oo
dg
rain
/kg
NP
K
fert
ilize
r
PFPf IFUE
Power (PFPf) Linear (IFUE)
Declining partial
factor
productivity
The Remedy ....
11
IPNS-STCR
approach
Soil-test-based prescription with
an agro-ecological perspective
IPNS-STCR approach of plant nutrition is the key
Initiatives• Till 2014, the Government of India’s initiatives
– Setting up and strengthening of soil testing laboratories– Trainings for staff / extension officers / farmers– Demonstrations on balanced use of fertilizers– Creation of district soil fertility maps– Issue of Soil Health Cards
• Mainly State Governments initiatives• No uniformity
• For sustainable agriculture - Need felt for policy with focus on– Educating the farmers directly on soil health management
• Issue of Soil Health Cards to farmers once every three years– Uniform approach– Covering all the groups of farmers– Covering both irrigated and rainfed areas
Comprehensive Soil Health Card programme – launched in 2015 12
Objectives of Soil Testing –Soil Fertility Evaluation
• Assess nutrient status ofsoil-crop system
• Diagnose suspectednutrient imbalances
• Monitor effects ofmanagement on cropnutrient status and soilfertility
Soil Test Nutrient Level
Predicting Nutrient Responses
Objectives of Soil Testing –Soil Fertility Evaluation
Contd …
• Provide basis for making fertilizerrecommendations for
– improving crop yield and quality
– improving fertilizer use efficiency
– decreasing impacts on water quality
• Assess availability of toxic elements
• Improve soil quality
14
Soil Health Card (SHC) Programme
Unique Features
• Issue of SHCs to all farmers once in every three years
• Uniform approach to collection of soil samples and testing
• Fertilizer recommendation based on crops as against general recommendations
• Universal coverage of all the farm holdings
15
Soil Tests – the art and the science
16
Recommendations for
fertility
(STCR)/amendment
Action
Representative sample collection
Lab accuracy, differences of
methods
Interpretation of the lab values –Soil test results
Cropping
history and
legume
credits
Manure
and
compost
credits
Late spring
nitrate test
Organic
matter
levels
sample handling, drying….
Previous Crop
Intended Crop
SHC Programme - FeaturesSoil Sampling• Uniform norms - grid of 2.5 ha in irrigated area and 10 ha in
rainfed area.
• GPS based soil sampling mandatory - to create a systematicdatabase and allow monitoring of changes in soil health
Soil Analysis• Uniform soil testing methodology
• 12 parameters being analyzed for comprehensiveness
• Mandatory analysis of secondary and micronutrients
• Country-wide campaign for the training of soil testing staff
17
SHC Programme - FeaturesContd …
Issue of Soil Health Card• Uniform format of Soil Health Card
• Soil test based crop-wise fertilizer recommendation in thesoil health card
• Soil Health Card portal developed
– For online generation of soil health cards and fertilizerrecommendation.
18
Tasks/Requirement
• Total of 2.53 crore samples – collected and tested in 3years
• Issue of about 14 crore SHCs
• Facilities in Soil testing laboratories for testing allparameters
• Trained manpower for
– Collection of samples
– Testing
– Database management
• Soil Sampling – Season influenced, limited window of 5months
• Soil testing – Season neutral, continue all 12 months19
POLITICAL MAP
20
Number of States and UTs = 36
Number of districts(Units) = 676
Micro Level Planning
Unit-wise mapping of target to resources (Total 676 units)
– Mapping brings out unit-wise
• Number of samples to be collected/tested onmonthly basis
• Manpower available vis-à-vis required forcollection/testing
• Laboratories available vis-à-vis required for testing
• Manpower required for database management
– Necessary steps initiated to bridge the gap betweenavailable and required resources
21
Micro Level Planning
22
Collection of soil samplesUnit Holding No of samples to
be collected in (5x3) 15 months
No of samples to be collected in a
month
Manpower required
Manpower available
Srikakulam
Marginal 47682 3179 34
24
Small 28013 1868 20
Semi-medium
16444 1096 12
Medium 7898 527 6
Large 1698 113 1
Total 101735 6782 73
Micro Level Planning
23
Testing of soil samplesUnit Lab
availableLabs
required
Testing Facility
Manpower required
Manpower available
Srikakulam
Total
MN SulphurSoil
ChemistAnalyst
Soil Chemist
Analyst
A
3
No No 1 3 0 0
B No No 1 3 0 1
C No Yes 1 3 1 3
D Yes Yes 1 3 1 4
4 4 12 2 8
Soil Health Card Format
24
Soil Health Card Format
25
Soil Health Card Portal Features
• A single, generic, uniform and web based software
• Accessed at the URL www.soilhealth.dac.gov.in
• Uniform adoption of codes e.g. Census Codes for
Locations
• Sample tracking and alerts to farmers through SMS
• Soil test based Fertilizer Recommendations
generation
• National database on Soil Health
26
Soil Health Card Portal Modules
• Sample Registration
• Soil Sample Test Result Entry
• Fertilizers Recommendations
• Generation of Soil Health Card
• MIS
27
Expected Outcome
• Direct service to the farmers
• Periodic issue of Soil Health Cards (SHCs) toassess periodic changes in soil health/fertility
• Raise awareness among farmers to use SHC
• National database on Soil Health for futureresearch/planning
28