Software Developed for Sustainable Treatment and Reuse of
Municipal Wastewater" by Menahem Libhaber and Alvaro
Orozco-Jaramillo
Content Table
INTRODUCTIONTHE PROCESSES FOR WHICH DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE
PRESENTED IN THE BOOKTable 1: List of the Appropriate Technology
Processes for Which the Design Procedures are Detailed in the Book
Sustainable Treatment and Reuse of Municipal WastewaterGENERAL
INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUNNING DE EXCEL SHEET PROGRAMS WITH THE ORDERLY
DESIGN METHODS (ODM)DISCLAIMERSoftware DownloadsRelated titles:
INTRODUCTIONIn mostdevelopingcountriesmany people are lacking
access to water andsanitationservices. Collection and conveyance
ofwastewaterout of urban neighbourhoods is not yet a service
provided to all the population and adequate treatment is provided
only to a small portion of the collectedwastewater, in most cases
covering less than 10% of the municipalwastewatergenerated. In
slums and peri-urban areas it is not rare to see
rawwastewaterflowing in the streets. The inadequate water
andsanitationservice is the main cause of diseases indeveloping
countries.Considering the expected population growth indeveloping
countriesand the order of priorities in the development of the
water andsanitationsector in these countries (water supplyand
sewerage first and only thenwastewatertreatment), as well as the
financial difficulties in these countries, it cannot be assumed
that the current low percentage of the coverage
ofwastewatertreatment in these countries will increase in the
future, unless a new strategy is adopted and innovative,
affordablewastewatertreatment options are used. Application of
appropriatewastewatertreatment technologies, which are effective,
low cost (in investment and especially in operation and
maintenance), simple to operate, proven technologies, should be a
key component in any strategy aimed at increasing the coverage
ofwastewatertreatment.A variety of unit process of appropriate
technology with a proven track record are known and in operation
for many years, each yielding a different effluent quality. Some
provide low quality effluents and some, effluents of good quality.
When an effluent quality higher than what a single unit process of
appropriate technology can produce is required, a treatment plant
consisting of a series of appropriate technology unit processes can
be used (2, 3 or more), in which the effluent of the first unit
process is fed into the second process for polishing and the
effluent of the second process is fed to the third and so on, if
necessary. This approach can produce practically any final effluent
quality required.The idea of the ability to combine unit processes
to create a treatment plant based on a series of appropriate
technology processes which jointly can generate any required
effluent quality is the main message of this book. A plant based on
a combination in series of appropriate technology unit processes is
still easy to operate and is usually of lower costs than
conventional processes in terms of investments and certainly in
operation and maintenance. So in essence, this book present the
concept of sustainable appropriate technology processes and
thebasic engineering design procedures to obtain high quality
effluents by treatment plants based on simple, low cost and easy to
operate processes.The concepts of appropriate technology
forwastewatertreatment and issues of strategy and policy for
increasingwastewatertreatment coverageare presented in the first
part of the book. In the second part each chapter is dedicated to a
selected unit process of appropriate technology and provides the
scientific basis, the equations and the parameters required to
design the unit processes, with some design and process innovations
developed by the authors. The book also presents some chapters on
design procedures for selected combined processes which are in use
indeveloping countries. Once the fundamentals of each unit and
combined process have been established, the book proposes in each
chapter an innovative Orderly Design Method (ODM), easy to be
followed by practicing engineers, using the equations and formulas
developed in the first section of each chapter and providing an
algorithmic design procedure for every processes which is not
extensively dealt with in the literature and is different from the
common engineering practice of trail an error. At the end of each
chapter, a numeric example for the basic design of each selected
appropriate technology process is solved for a city with a
population of 20,000 using the ODM and an Excel program which is
provided to the readers for download from this online web page. The
book also presents ideas of many additional combinations of unit
processes of appropriate technology, classified according to their
adequacy for functioning in different temperature zones and in
accordance with the size of landarea occupied by
thewastewatertreatment plant.Although the focus of the book is the
resolution ofwastewatertreatment and disposal problems indeveloping
countries, the concepts presented are valid and applicable anywhere
and plants based on combined unit processes of appropriate
technology can be used also in developed countries and provide to
them the benefits described in the book.
THE PROCESSES FOR WHICH DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE PRESENTED IN THE
BOOK
Many unit processes and combined processes of appropriate
technology are presented in Chapter 1 of the book. Given the large
number of processes discussed, it is impossible to provide in the
book the design procedures for all the processes mentioned. The
design procedures of a relatively large number of unit processes
and combined processes are presented in the book, as outlined in
Table 1. The name of the Excel program which is used for the design
of each process is also specified in this Table.
Table 1: List of the Appropriate Technology Processes for Which
the Design Procedures are Detailed in the Book Sustainable
Treatment and Reuse of Municipal Wastewater
Process DescriptionName of Excel Program used for
DesignComments
Rotating Micros ScreensCHAP 4-RM.xls
Lagoon SystemsCHAP 5-Lagoons.xls
PistonAnaerobicReactorCHAP 6-Abaerobic-PAR.xls
UASB followed byAnaerobicFilterCHAP 6-Anaerobic-UASB-AF.xlsThis
program is the basis for calculating the UASB unit process, the
Anaerobic Filter unit process and the Combined process of UASB
followed by Anaerobic Filter
Stabilization ReservoirCHAP 7-SR.xls
Constructed WetlandsCHAP 8-SSFCW.xls
Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT)CHAP 9-CEPT.xls
Sand FilterCOMB 3-UASB-SAND FILTER-UV.xls TAG:SAND FILTERThis
program is the basis for calculating COMBINATION 3. The Sand Filter
unit is designed in the worksheet with TAG: SAND FILTER.
Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)COMB 5-UASB-AF-DAF-MEMBRANES.xls
TAG: DAFThis program is the basis for calculating COMBINATION 5.
The DAF unit is designed in the worksheet with TAG: DAF
UV DisinfectionCOMB 3-UASB-SAND FILTER-UV.xls TAG:SAND FILTER
TAG: UVThis program is the basis for calculating COMBINATION 3. The
UV Disinfection unit is designed in the worksheet with TAG: UV.
MembraneFiltrationCOMB 5-UASB-AF-DAF-MEMBRANES.xls TAG:
MEMBRANESThis program is the basis for calculating COMBINATION 5.
The MembraneFiltrationunit is designed in the worksheet with TAG:
MEMBRANES.
Combined Process 1-UASB followed by LagoonsCOMB
1-UASB-MATURATION LAGOON.xls
Combined Process 2-UASB followed by Anaerobic FilterCHAP
6-Anaerobic-UASB-AF.xls
Combined Process 3-UASB followed by Sand FilterCOMB 3-UASB-SAND
FILTER-UV.xls
Combined Process 4-CEPT followed by Sand FilterCOMB 4-CEPT-SAND
FILTER-UV.xls
Combined Process 5-UASB followed by Anaerobic Filter followed by
DAF followed by MembraneFiltrationCOMB
5-UASB-AF-DAF-MEMBRANES.xls
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR RUNNING DE EXCEL SHEET PROGRAMS WITH
THE ORDERLY DESIGN METHODS (ODM)
First, make sure that you thoroughly understand the Orderly
Design Method.Second, get acquainted with the colour Nomenclature
as follows:Whatever is in dark grey colour refers to titles,
parameters or units, and is alphabetic. The other colours refer to
numeric cells.The cells in light grey colour are input provided by
the designer, be itexternal parameters or (ii) primary variables
given by the designer. These cells should be filled manually by the
designer.The coloured medium grey cells are secondary variables
calculated from the primary variables, which belong to the input
necessary for the design. Note that the designer may choose a
secondary variable as primary, and then the primary variable
becomes secondary. For instance, to calculate the design flow you
may select q, P and c as primary variables and from them the
program calculates the process design flow (QDWW) as secondary
variable; but you may know the design flow, then q becomes a
secondary variable. These variations in primary variables would
require changes in the program and should be avoided unless
completely necessary.With the input defined, the program calculates
the design variables in the output as determined by the ODM. Also,
in this step there are variables that can be selected as input and
the corresponding ones in the input become outputs. For example, in
Figure 4.8 of the book, you can choose eitherefficiencyor screen
opening (mesh size) as input. If you choose one variable as input
then the other variable becomes output.Remember,to change primary
variables to secondary variables (or input to output) in the
program requires a thorough comprehension of the ODM.Check that the
output variables, be they dimensions or specifications, are
practical and are in the empirical range of design given in the
Process Description section of each chapter.Note that the necessary
steps to calculate CONCENTRATION, ORGANIC LOADS AND SPECIFC UNIT
LOADS, require that thewastewaterquality is given as an input.These
general instructions apply to all programs given in the online
page.Note: The Software developed for the book is stilltype
software. If users identify Errors or Bugs they are encouraged to
inform the authors (Alvaro Orozco [email protected] Menahem
Libhaber [email protected]).DISCLAIMERThe model programs which
are presented in the table and are available online on this Web
site should be used with great caution. They do not replace the
criteria of the design engineer who must ultimately be responsible
for the design results. These programs should not be used without a
full understanding of the processes, as presented in the book. The
programs are provided as an indication. Neither the Authors nor IWA
is responsible for any design made by persons other than the
Authors, based on the use of the model programs.
Software Downloads
CHAP4-RM.xlsCHAP5-Lagoons.xlsCHAP6-Anaerobic-PAR.xlsCHAP6-Anaerobic-UASB-AF.xlsCHAP7-SR.xlsCHAP8-SSFCW.xlsCHAP9-CEPT.xlsCOMB1-UASB-MATURATIONLAGO.xls
COMB3-UASB-SANDFILTER-UV.xlsCOMB4-CEPT-SANDFILTER-UV.xlsCOMB5-UASB-AF-DAF-MEMBRAN.xls
Related titles:
Menahem Libhaber and Alvaro Orozco Jaramillo(2012)Sustainable
Treatment and Reuse of Municipal Wastewater For Decision Makers and
Practicing Engineers
