SOFT POWER: INDIC KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGY AND MR. MEGH KALYANASUNDARAM … · 2019. 5. 15. · soft power: indic knowledge systems, technology and management dr. korada subrahmanyam

SOFT POWER: INDIC KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENTDR. KORADA SUBRAHMANYAM

&MR. MEGH KALYANASUNDARAM

1

2019 May 13

Soft power

...describes the use of positive attraction and persuasion to achieve foreign policy objectivesi

Nye’s three pillarsii of soft power are:

1. political values2. culture 3. foreign policy

i, ii https://softpower30.com/what-is-soft-power/

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Soft power, Education and IKS*: Bhārat’s case

IKS musical single launch

IKS: aṣṭādaśa vidyā overview

*IKS: Indic knowledge system/s

Technology: IKS site, #Gita | Management

https://softpower30.com/what-is-soft-power/

Education in Soft power index

1. Level of human capital in a country2. Contribution to scholarship3. Attractiveness to international students

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Source: https://softpower30.com/what-is-soft-power/

https://softpower30.com/what-is-soft-power/

Education attractiveness in 2018: USA leads

> Most top universities

> Most international students

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Source: https://softpower30.com/country/united-states/

https://softpower30.com/country/united-states/

Education attractiveness: Did Bhārat ever have a case, lead?

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Source: Encyclopedia of India-China Cultural Contacts Vol 1 (2014), New Delhi: The Public Diplomacy Division, Ministry of External Affairs [Map: p. 124, Text excerpts: p. 164-5]

Seeing Bhārat’s Nālandā vis-a-vis its 1st millennium peers that have survived

Europe Italy’s University of Bologna 03

● Founded in ~1088 ce (not 1st millenium strictly)● oldest existing, continually operating higher educational institution in

Europe ● Historically notable for its teaching of canon and civil law

Africa Morocco's University of al-Qarawiyyin02

● Founded in ~859 ce● oldest existing, continually operating higher educational institution in

the world (UNESCO)● In 2012, 8120 students

Asia Bhārat’s Nālandā01● Said to have peaked in 4th-5th until 12th century before being destroyed● ~10,000 students, ~1,500 teachers in its heyday● Students from Japan, Korea, China, Central & Southeast Asia● 1-2 admitted out of 10

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_law

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education

What was taught in Bhārat’s earliest universities that attracted students from many parts of the world?

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Is there then also a textually attested and hence historical framework for Indic systems of knowledge?

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Handout distributed Historical/Textual attestations

पुराणयायमीमांसाधम्मर्थशास्त्राङ्गमश्रिताः। वेदाः स्थानान वद्यानां धम्मर्थस्य च चतुदर्थश ||(1.3)

➢ Extremely conservative outsider estimate of text completion: c. 4th-5th century (basis contested)

➢ Conservative outsider estimate of Yājñavalkya: 800-600 BCE (basis contested)

आयुवर्वेदो धनुवर्वेदो गाधवर्थश्चेत्यनुक्रमात ्। अथर्थशास्त्र ंपरं तस्मात ्वद्या ह्यष्टादश स्मतृाः ||(3.6.29)

➢ Estimates of text composition vary; range from 1st millennium BCE to 1st millennium CE





Introduction to Indic Knowledge systems caturdaśa aṣṭādaśa vidyā

byDr Korada Subrahmanyam

18 वद्यास्थानानCENTER FOR SOFT POWER(CHENNAI)

INDIA FOUNDATION

May 13, 2019

Korada Subrahmanyam

9

पुराणयायमीमांसाधमर्थशास्त्राङ्गमश्रिताः। वेदाः स्थानान वद्यानां धमर्थस्य च चतुदर्थश॥ (याज्ञवल्क्यस्म्रुतः , 1-3)

अङ्गान वेदाश्चत्वारः मीमांसा यायवस्तरः।धमर्थशास्त्र ंपुराणं च वद्याह्येताश्चतुदर्थश ॥आयुवर्वेदो धनुवर्वेदो गाधवर्थश्चेत त ेत्रयः।अथर्थशास्त्र ंचतुथर्थं च वद्याह्यष्टादशैव ताः॥

(वष्णुपुराणम ्)

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4 वेदाः –

1. ऋग्वेदः - 21 शाखाः -10 मण्डलान -- 1028 सूक्तान – 10 552 ऋचः – आयुवर्वेदः

उपवेदः 2. यजुवर्वेदः - 100 शाखाः - 5 काण्डाः - धनुवर्वेदः उपवेदः 3. सामवेदः – 1000 शाखाः – ’ गीतषु सामाख्या ’ (पू मी सू ) – गाधवर्थवेदः उपवेदः 4. अथवर्थवेदः – 9 शाखाः-20 काण्डाः –143 सूक्तान – 941 मत्राः–अथर्थशास्त्रम ् उपवेदः

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6 वेदाङ्गान –

शक्षा - 37 शक्षाः – पाणनः, याज्ञवल्क्यः, नारदः । शब्दोत्पत्तिः – स्थानप्रयत्नम ्– स्वराः –

उदात्तिानुदात्तिस्वरताः- नषादषर्थभगाधार..- वेदपुरुषस्य अङ्गान – उच्चारणा – वतृ्तियः – गुणाः – दोषाः –धूमपानम ्

व्याकरणम ्- अइउण ्, ऋलक्ृ , एओङ् ...., शब्दानुशासनम ्– वैदकलौककशब्दाः-धमर्थः-मोक्षः-योगप्रत्यक्षम-्

जातः- व्यिक्तः/न्द्रिव्यम ् -पाणनः,कात्ययनः,पतञ्जलः(मुनत्रयम)् सूत्रम ् – वात र्थकम ् – भाष्यम ् – स्फोटः-कारकम ्।

छदस ्- पङ्गलः - 7 छदांस – गायत्री , उिष्णक् , अनुष्टुप ्, बहृती , पङ्िक्तः , त्रष्टुप ्, जगती ।वैदकच्छदः लौककच्छदश्च । यमाताराजभानस।

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नरुक्तम ्- यास्कः – अथार्थनुशासनम ्– नघण्टुः - नामाख्यातोपसगर्थनपताश्च – व्याकरणस्य

कात्स्यर्थम ्– षड्भाववकाराः – जायते’िस्त वपरणमते वधर्थत’ेपक्षीयते वनश्यत ।

ज्योतषम ्- मुहूतर्थस्कधः – होरास्कधः – सद्धातस्कधः । 9 ग्रहाः - 12 राशयः – 27नक्षत्राण –

मुहूतर्थः – पुण्यं वाप्यथ पापरूपमप वा... । महादशाः – पश्यित सप्तमान ्सवर्वे – उच्चनीचिस्थतयः -

कृत्तिका ... – कुजदोषः ।

कल्पः - प्रयोगः – श्रिौतसूत्रम ्– गहृ्यसूत्रम ्– धमर्थसूत्रम ्– शुल्बसूत्रम ्– षोडशसम्स्काराः -

आत्मशरीरायतरनष्ठः अतशयवशषेः संस्कारः – वेदो’खलो धमर्थमूलम.्.. ।

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18 पुराणान –

पुरा नवं पुराणम ्– सगर्थश्च प्रतसगर्थश्च वंशो मवतराण च । वंशानुचरतं चेतपुराणं पञ्चलक्षणम ्। वष्णुपुराणम ्-पद्मपुराणम ्– मत्स्यपुराणम ्–

स्कदपुराणम…्।

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6 दशर्थनान ---

पूवर्थमीमांसा - अथातो धमर्थिजज्ञासा - कमर्थमीमांसा-स्वगर्थः-वाक्यशास्त्रम ्- ज्योतष्तोमेन स्वगर्थकामो यजेत –

दशर्थपूणर्थमासाभ्यां स्वगर्थकामो यजेत ।

वेदातः - अथातो ब्रह्मिजज्ञासा – उत्तिरमीमांसा – ज्ञानम ्- प्रस्थानत्रयम ्– अद्वैतम ्-वशष्टाद्वैतम ्– द्वैतम ्–

मोक्षः । तत्ति ुसमवयात ्।

यायवैशषके - प्रमाणैः अथर्थपरीक्षणं यायः – प्रत्यक्षानुमानोपमानशब्दाः प्रमाणान । स्वाथार्थनुमानम ्–

पराथार्थनुमानम ्– पञ्चावयवाः – इिन्द्रियदोषात ्संस्कारदोषाच्च अवद्या – तद् दषु्टज्ञानम ्– अदषु्टं वद्या ।

सांख्यम ्- प्रकृतः – पुरुषः – गुणाः सत्त्वरज्स्तमांस – पञ्चवशंततत्त्वान - प्रकृतः – महान-्बुद्धः-अहङ्कारः-पञ्च ज्ञानेिन्द्रियण – पञ्च कमर्वेिन्द्रियाण – मनस ्– पञ्च महाभूतान।

योगः - योगः चत्तिवत्तिनरोधः – अभ्यासवैराग्याभ्यां तिनरोधः –यमनयमासनप्राणायामप्रत्याहारधारणाध्यानसमाधयः अष्टौ अङ्गान । 15

4 उपवेदाः – 1. आयुवर्वेदः – सुखदःुखे हताहते – आयुः वदत अनेन – कालभोजनम ् – हतं भुञ्ज्यात ् मतं भुञ्ज्यात ्न भुञ्ज्यात ्अमतं हतम ्।

2. धनुवर्वेदः -- धनुवर्थद्या

3.गाधवर्थवेदः -- स्वराः – शब्दोत्पत्तिः – श्रिुतः – लयः

4.अथर्थसास्त्रम ्- प्रजापरपालनम ्– राजा – कित्रणः – कोष्ठम ्– सामदानदण्डोपायाः

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सरस्वत नमस्तुभ्यं वरदे कामरूपण । वद्यारम्भं करष्याम सद्धभर्थवतु मे सदा ॥

श्रिुतस्मतपुराणानाम ्आलयं करुणालयम ्|नमाम भगवत्पादं शङ्करं लोकशङ्करम ्||

पुराणयायमीमांसाधमर्थशास्त्राङ्गमश्रिताः। वेदाः स्थानान वद्यानां धमर्थस्य च चतुदर्थश ||

आयुवर्वेदो धनुवर्वेदो गाधवर्थ श्चेत्य नुक्रमात ्। अथर्थशास्त्र ंपरं तस्मात ्वद्याह्यष्टादश स्मतृाः ||

ॐ शाितः शाितः शाितः ॥

O! Sarasvati! you grant boons, you can have your desired form - I offer my namaskara (means: I am inferior to you and you are superior to me) to you. I am going to start my study: let there be success to me always.

I offer namaskara to Bhagavan Sankara, who is an abode of Srutis, Smritis and Puranas, an abode of kindness and who provides comfort to people (thru Jnanam) .

The Four Vedas viz. Rgveda, Yajurveda, Samveda, Atharvaveda, Puranas, Nyaya, Mimamsa, Dharmasastram along with the six Vedangas, viz Siksha, Vyakaranam, Chandas, Niruktam, Jyotisham, Kalpa: these fourteen are the abodes of Vidya (Jnanam) and Dharma.

Ayurveda, Dhanurveda, Gandharvaveda and Arthasastram, the four Upavedas, coupled with the said fourteen are called eighteen Vidyas.

Aum, Peace, Peace, Peace!

Single title: śruti smṛti caturdaśa aṣṭādaśa vidyā | Raag/am: Bairagi/Revati Sung by: Shruti and Smruthi Kalyanasundharam | Choreography: Pavithra Srinivasan

Melody composition: Megh Kalyanasundaram





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In his message to the second World Hindu Congress here, Modi said that digitising various treatises and ancient epics can deepen their connect with the younger generation.

"This would be a great service for the coming generations," he said.

….

"Living in the era of technology, I particularly call upon the esteemed delegates of this conference to think about ways in which technology can connect more and more people with the thoughts of Hinduism,"

Read more at://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/65724845.cms?from=mdr&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst





https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/65724845.cms?from=mdr&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/65724845.cms?from=mdr&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

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https://shrutismrti.wixsite.com/ashtaadashavidyaaWeb version Mobile version





https://shrutismrti.wixsite.com/ashtaadashavidyaa

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Gratitude







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➢ Downloadable Bird’s eye/ Summary view of IKS

○ See handout

➢ Descriptive Introduction (text and video, where available)

➢ Collection / Corpus

➢ Link to text in Samskrta (where available)

○ (Re)search friendly

➢ Links to translations (where available)


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Perhaps the best-in-class example as on date: “...accessibility, and presents an interconnected, fully searchable, perpetually growing, virtual library of all that is important in Greek and Latin literature.”

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Example 2: #Gita | https://gitachanting.wixsite.com/gita Design differentiation: RSTU

https://gitachanting.wixsite.com/gita

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Example of relevance to Management

History-of-management-thought narratives in English language academia (1959-2016): A limited analysis

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Example of relevance to Management (and much more)

History-of-management-thought narratives in English language academia (1959-2016): A limited analysis

Documents

SOFT POWER: INDIC KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGY AND MR. MEGH KALYANASUNDARAM … · 2019. 5. 15. · soft power: indic knowledge systems, technology and management dr. korada subrahmanyam