SOCINIAN BOOKS WITH THE RAKOW

IMPRINT IN THE BRITISH LIBRARY

H. ^WIDERSKA

D U R I N G the Reformation, Poland, with her religious tolerance, became known as anasylum haereticorum in which various trends in the New Faith peacefully coexisted withthe official Catholic Church, and religious refugees from abroad found safety frompersecution by both the Inquisition and Protestant theologians. One of the mostdistinguished refugees was Faustus Socinus (Sozzini, 1539-1604) of Siena, who unitedand gave ideological direction to the most radical group in the Polish Reformation.Hence they came to be known in the seventeenth century in western Europe as Socinians.They preferred to style themselves Fratres Poloni or simply Christians (chrystianie)while their antagonists scornfully called them Arians. This term, no longer derogatory,is accepted in the extensive Polish literature of the subject.

In 1562-5 the Brethren broke away from the Calvinists (the 'Major Church') andfounded the Minor Church whose chief doctrinal difference with other Christian religionswas its rejection of the Trinity. After an early period of religious ferment caused bydiffering views on the Trinity, mediatorship of Christ, infant baptism, etc., as well asby the political and social implications of their beliefs, they came to be united by Socinuswho arrived in Poland in 1579. By the end of the century the Brethren, under his influence,accepted unitarianism and the role of human reason as the chief arbiter of religioustruth. Owing to the latter Socinianism came to play an important part in the emergenceof religious rationalism in western Europe.

Like other religious movements of the period, from its beginnings Arianism soughtto propagate its beliefs in print. The earliest Arian literature was printed in widelyscattered places: in Poland at W^grow (1570), Luslawice (1571-3) and Cracow (anunknown press c. 1568), and in Lithuania at Losk (i573-<r. 1589) and Nieswiez (1562-72).Between them they produced some fifty titles which are extremely rare owing to thehorror with which Arianism was regarded by both Catholics and Protestants. No generalcatalogue of these publications exists and, as there is also no catalogue of old Polishbooks in the British Library, it is believed that the earliest Arian literature is notrepresented in the collection.

206

RODECKI

Unlike the products of the early presses, the publications of the two distinguishedArian printers, Rodecki and Sternacki, are listed and described by Professor AlodiaKawecka-Gryczowa in her authoritative catalogue.^ With the foundation in Cracow in1574 of the printing office of Aleksy Rodecki (c. 1540-1606),^ the situation in Arianpublishing improved considerably although he by no means confined his activities toreligious literature. He was Socinus' sole publisher from the beginning of the Italian'sstay in Poland. His work was repeatedly interrupted by attacks by the Catholic moband students from the local university and in 1585 he was arrested for publishing(anonymously) a particularly obnoxious pamphlet.^ Brought before King Stephen, hewas promptly released after the King's famous declaration, *Ego nunquam persecutioneaut sanguine religionem propagandam esse censeo . . . Nunquam humanas conscientiascogi posse'."^

Eighty-one titles published by Rodecki are known to date; thirteen of these are inthe British Library. ̂

STERNACKI

With the transfer of Rodecki's press from unsafe Cracow to the provincial tranquilityof Rakow opens the great period in Arian publishing during which books with the*Racoviae' imprint became well known and sought after as far as England and theNetherlands. In Poland they were now distributed quite openly, they usually gavethe author's name, and a considerable majority bore full and true imprints.

The town of Rakow in the Sandomierz region of southern Poland was founded in1569 by a tolerant magnate, Jan Sienienski, who guaranteed religious freedom to settlers.The Brethren flocked there in large numbers and by the end of the century Rakowcame to be recognized as the 'Arian capital'. General synods of the Minor Churchwere held there and in 1602 its celebrated school was founded. About the same timethe famous press of Sebastian Sternacki {}-c. 1635) was established there.

Rodecki's son-in-law Sternacki started work in the Cracow press c. 1592, and in1600, Rodecki, owing to his failing sight, transferred the press to Sternacki. About thesame time the press was moved to Rakow and reorganized; it started printing in 1602.In the next five years Sternacki's books had Cracow or Rakow in the imprint, theformer used for lay literature only, but it is believed that all were printed at Rakow.Arian religious literature formed the bulk of the output and was strictly controlled bythe synods and censors appointed by them as well as by the elders of the localcongregation, and the Church covered some of the publisher's expenses. Beside this'official' publishing in Latin, Polish and German, Sternacki, with the tacit consent ofthe elders, also printed some Calvinist material as well as popular and profitable booksin Polish for the laity which, after the early period, usually had no imprint and date.

The majority of Sternacki's religious output was formed by works, mainly polemicalof Arian theologians. Their main antagonists were the Jesuits including the formidable

207

Piotr Skarga and Marcin Smiglecki, while Polish Protestant theologians also harassedthe Brethren. At the same time disputations with foreign theologians, mainly membersof German universities, were waged in print. Beside Socinus himself, the most prolificArian apologists were Hieronim Moskorzowski (Moscorovius), Adam Goslawski(Goslavius), Joannes Crell (Crellius), Joannes Volkel (Volkelius), Valentin Schmalz(Smalcius), and Jonasz Szlichting.

The Rakow press published works of the leading Arian theologians: Socinus (32titles), Crellius (10), and Schmalz (27). They found their way in large numbers towestern Europe. Textbooks for the Rakow school were also printed and used so wellthat little remains. After a period of prosperity the press fell into difficulties. In the1620S the political situation in the country was disturbed, in 1623 prosperous Rakowwas sacked by mercenaries; plague and more harassment by unruly soldiery and bandsof robbers followed. But from 1625 full activity was resumed and lasted until Sternacki'sretirement c. 1633, when he handed over the press to his son Paul. The name of theyounger Sternacki began to appear in imprints in 1634 and he carried on until 1638,when, in reprisal for desecration of a wayside cross by students from the school, theSenate ordered the press to be confiscated and the school to be suppressed. Books withthe 'Racoviae' imprint appearing after this date were published elsewhere.

After the fall of Rakow the situation of the Arians became increasingly difficult untilin 1658 they were banished from Poland. Amsterdam became their publishing centre,where the celebrated Bibliotheca Fratrum Polonorum appeared in 1656. Its editor wasAndrzej Wiszowaty, grandson of Socinus, a distinguished Arian thinker and writer.

RAKOW I M P R I N T S IN E N G L A N D

Books with the Rakow imprint found readers not only in Poland and Lithuania wheresome 200 Arian congregations fiourished and where they were also studied by Catholicand Protestant enemies of Arianism but, as they were mainly written in Latin, theysoon penetrated into Hungary and western Europe. As early as the 1570s the Arianshad some tentative contacts with England^ but only the arrival of Rakow books arousedcuriosity about Arian doctrine. They were much in demand in western Europe, especiallyin the Netherlands, to where they were exported from Gdansk, and from where theyentered England. At the same time young Polish and Lithuanian Arians studied atLeiden and other Dutch universities where they met English students and from therethey made trips to England, often acting as colporteurs of Rakow books. By 1619 Arianteaching was sufficiently known in England for Martin Ruar, an active Arian propagandistfrom Rakow on a visit to this country, to be 'strongly solicited to take up residence inCambridge, with the promise of a Professorship' and other tempting offers.̂ Otherprominent Racovians also visited England, among them, c. 1636, Wiszowaty, the futureeditor of the Bibliotheca, and they must have brought books printed in Rakow withthem. Demand for these books existed at English universities and among the morescholarly Anglican clergy. They appeared in both private collections and academic

208

libraries. For example in Oxford, All Souls Library alone owned thirty-five booksprinted in Rakow,^ while by 1674 the Bodleian Library had sixty, including twenty-threeworks by Socinus, eleven by Schmalz, eight by Crellius and six by Szlichting.^ Theirhigh prices made the risk of smuggling them into England worthwhile: in 1646 aminister wrote that in Holland 'sundry English merchants were seeking to buy theworks of Socinus, Ostorodius, Eniedinus, Crellius, and especially Socinus de Servatore',^^and when told by a bookdealer that these books were under the ban of the StatesGeneral, the merchants said, 'Nevertheless you may bring them from other countries,and we will give you for them what you will'.^^

The way for Arian doctrine into England was prepared by the famous RakowCatechism summarizing the beliefs of the Brethren after the unification of the movementby Socinus. Work on the original Polish version was started by Socinus and PiotrStojenski the younger and after their deaths completed by Moskorzowski, Schmalz,and Volkelius and published in 1605. A German version followed in 1608 and a Latinone in 1609, the latter with a dedication by Moskorzowski to James I as the monarchfamous for his devotion to the Protestant religion (fig. i). Originally it attracted littleofficial notice in England and only in 1614, possibly after it had been reprinted inLondon^2 (though with the 'Racoviae' imprint), which made copies more widely available,it was burnt by order of Parliament.

Demand for the Catechism in the West was such that another edition, with theimprint 'Racoviae, 1609' followed, possibly published in England c. 1623.̂ ^ These twoeditions started a crop of pseudo-Racovian books both in England and especially inthe Netherlands, some bearing dates after the suppression of Rakow. Among themwere later editions of the Catechism: 'Racoviae, 1651' [London: William Dugard] anda Dutch version 't'Rakouw, 1659'.

The abundance and popularity of Rakow books in England is borne out by the factthat even in the nineteenth century Polish collectors regarded this country as a richhunting ground.

THE B R I T I S H LIBRARY C O L L E C T I O N

Books of the Rakow press are the only Polish publications which at the time achievedquite a wide circulation in western Europe. Catalogues of contemporary libraries, likethe Bodleian and All Souls, illustrate the extent of their penetration into seventeenth-century England. The British Library's collection cannot illustrate this phenomenon,especially as no copy bears evidence of its early presence in England.

At present the collection includes seventy-two titles in eighty-seven copies. Fourwere destroyed in 1941. Of the surviving ones only five bear the oldest British Museumstamp which was in use from iT. 1796 until f. 1810. The bulk ofthe collection was acquiredin the nineteenth century, mainly from British dealers. The most prolific year was 1854when thirty-eight items were purchased and only six have been added in the twentiethcentury, in 1959-60. Eight books once belonged to Thomas Rees (1777-1864), Unitarian

209

CATECHESISEcclefianim^

Q^iE IN R E G N O P O L O N T J E ,

& magno Ducatu Lithuaniae, &aliisadiftudRegnum pertinenti-bus provinciis, affirmant, nemi-nem alium,praeter PatremDomi-ni noftri IeiiiChrifti, efle iliumunum D E u M Ifraclis: hominemautemillum_il E s u M Nazare-num,qui ex virgine natus eft, neealium, pr^ ter aut ante ipfum, D E IFILI u M unigenitum & agno-

fcunt 5c confitentur.

Antemnos quatuor Poloniceynuncvero etiam Latine edita.

Reda? funt vise Iehovje, & jufti ambiilabuntm eisrprsBvaricacoresverb corrucnc in cis»v

R A C 0 VI ffi,t/€nnoDominiy i do^f*

Fig. I. Catechests ecclesiarum (Rakow, 1609) 35o6.a.2

minister and historical writer, who bought them in Germany in 1827 for his remarkablecollection of anti-trinitarian literature.

Some of the Library's copies are very rare as is shown by comparing them with thenumber of copies in the country of origin as listed by Gryczowa. Thus Polish librarieshave only two copies of nos. 3, 5, and 8 (listed below), three copies of nos. 17, 19, and66 (two copies of the latter very imperfect) and four copies of no. 41. The mostremarkable item in the Library's collection is no. 66: Modlitwy nabozne (Pious prayers)by Stojehski which once belonged to Margareta, daughter of Martin Ruar. This littleprayer-book has a manuscript acrostic in Polish on the back flyleaf. The first lettersof each line read downwards give the owner's name (fig. 2).^''^The book bears the earliestMuseum stamp.

The Library's collection does not include any of Sternacki's popular publications inPolish. Most of the material is of the kind sought by foreign scholars: theologicalliterature in Latin. Only six are in German and one is in Polish. The best-representedauthors are Socinus (27 titles out of the total of 32 published), Schmalz (18 out of 27),and Crellius (6 out of 10).

CURRENT STATE OF THE COLLECTION1 BIBLE. New Testament. Das Newe

Testament, das ist, alle Biicher desNewen Bundes, etc. 1630. 8°.

1109.a.10.

2 CATECHESrs ecclesiarum quae in RegnoPoloniae & Magno Ducatu Lithuaniae. . . affirmant, neminem alium, praeterPatrem Domini nostri Iesu Christi, esseilium unum Deum Israelis, etc.Racovia, 1609. 12°. 3506.a.2.

3 CATECHESIS minor iuventuti religioneChristiana imbuendae conscripta, etc.Racovice, 1612. 12°. 3505.aa.i.

4 CRELLIUS, Ioannes. Ad librum HugonisGrotii, quem de satisfactione Christiadversus Faustum Socinum Senensemscripsit, responsio. Racovice: typisSternacianis, 1623. 4°. 4257.cc.27.

5 CRELLIUS, Ioannes. Commentarii inEvangelium Matthaei & EpistolamPauli ad Romanos. Typis Pauli Ster-nacii, 1636. 8°. 4224.a.20.

6 CRELLIUS, Ioannes. Commentarius inEpistolas Pauli Apostoli ad Thessaloni-censes, etc. Racovice: typis Pauli Ster-nacii, 1636. 8°. 1492.^9.

7 CRELLIUS, Ioannes. Iohannis CrelliiFranci De vno Deo Patre, etc. Racovice:typis Sebastiani Sternacii, i6ji. 8^.MS. note: Ex dono Auctoris.

4371.aaaa.51.8 CRELLIUS, Ioannes. Declaratio senten-

tise de caussis mortis Christi. 1637. 8°.4226.c.6(2);

39o6.aa.5i(2).9 CRELLIUS, Ioannes. Johannis Crellii

Franci Explicatio capitis decimi quintiprioris Epistolae Pauli ad Corinthios.Typis Pauli Sternacii, 1635. 8°.

1492.f.io.10 GOSLAWSKI, Adam. Adami Goslavi a

Bebelno Disputatio de persona, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1620. 8°. 4226.C.Il(2)!

211

t'ao momtiva jcuvurat/

i'tiwoiitwa p '

0 fajdctiiu a nas ottvotjt;

•V. I. * •

. 2. MS. poem in J. Stojenski, Modlitrvy nabozne (1633) C.i35.b.25

11 GosLAWSKi, Adam. Adami Goslavi aBebeino Refutatio eorum, quae Bar-tholomaeus Keckermannus . . . dis-putat, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii, 1613. 8°. 4226.c.4(3);

4224.a.27(2).12 IoHANNis, Erasmus. De Vnigeniti Filii

Dei existentia . . . Nunc secundo edita,etc. Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii^1626. 8°. 4226.0.11(1);

20 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Ad IsaacumCasaubonum paraenesis, etc. 1614. 4°.

479-^-13(4);4071.C.43.

21 ScHMALZ, Valentin. De Christo, vero etnaturali Dei Filio, liber unus, etc,Racovia: typis Sternacianis, 1616. 4°.

4226.0.8(2).13 MOSKORZOWSKI, Hieronim. Refutatio

libri De Baptismo Martini SmigleciiIesuitse. Racovia, 1617. 4°.

T. 1478(8).14 OsTORODT, Christoph. Unterrichtung

von den vornemsten Hauptpuncten derChristlichen Religion, etc. zu Rakaw:bey Sebastian Sternatzki, 1604. 8°.

35O5.bbb.3(i).15 OsTORODT, Christoph. Unterrichtung

von den vornemsten Hauptpuncten derChristhchen Religion, etc. zu Rackaw:bey Sebastian Sternatzki, 1612. 8°.

3505.aaa.38.16 OsTORODT, Christoph. Unterrichtung

von den vornemsten Hauptpuncten derChristlichen Religion, etc. zu Rackaw:bey Sebastian Sternatzki^ 1625. 8°.

3557aa.11.17 [PRZYPKOWSKI, Samuel] Panegyricus

honori & gloriae . . . Vladislai Sigis-mundi Regis Poloniae, etc.^ 1633. 8°.

C.iO4.e.i8.18 [PRZYPKOWSKI, Samuel.] Vita Fausti

Socini Senensis descripta ab equitePolono. 1636. 4°. 4887.aa.60.

19 [PRZYPKOWSKI, Samuel.] FaustenSocinen von Siena Leben und Wandel,etc. 1637. 4°. 4888.e.25(4).

22 ScHMALZ, Valentin. De divinitate JesuChristi, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii, 1608. 4°. 4223.b.10.

23 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Defensio brevisanonymi cuiusdam, de Ecclesia & mis-sione ministrorum tractatus, etc.Racovice., 1612. 8°. 39io.aa.5(4).

24 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Examinatio cen-tum errorum, quos Martinus Smig-lecius . . . ex duabus libri nostri . . .partibus collegit. Racovice: typisSternacianiSy 1615. 4°. T.1478(4).

25 SCHMALZ, Valentin. Examinatio cen-tum quinquaginta septem reliquorumerrorum, quos Martinus Smiglecius . . .ex reliquis duabus libri nostri . . .partibus collegit, etc. 1616. 4°.

26 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Homiliae decem,etc. Racovice: typis Sternacianis^ 1615.

27 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Kurtze Auslegunguber den Anfang des Evangehi desHeiligenjohannis, f/f. ZuRakam^ 1611.8°. 35O5-bbb.3(2).

28 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Notae in libellumMartiini [sic'\ Smiglecii Iesuitje, quemRefutationem vanae dissolutionis Nodisui Gordii appellat. Racovice: typisSternacianis, 1614. 4°. T. 1478(2).

29 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Refutatio disputa-tionis de persona Christi, quamAlbertus Grawerus . . . habuit anno

213

i6i2. Racovice: typisSternacianis, 1615.

30 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Refutatio disputa-tionis de Spiritu Sancto, etc. Racovice,1613. 4°. 4223.aaa.18.

31 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Refutatio duorumMartini Smiglecii Iesuitae librorum, etc.Racovice: typis Sternacianis^ 1616, 4°.

i492.aa.43(i).

32 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Refutatio libelliMartini Smiglecii Iesuitas, cui titulumfecit, Verbum caro factum. Racovice:typis Sternacianis, 1614. 4°.

4224.dd.2(1).

33 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Refutatio ora-tionum Iohannis Vogelii et JoachimiPeuschelii, etc. Racovice: typis Sebasti-ani Sternacii, 1617. 4°. T.i478(9);

479-b.i3(3)-34 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Refutatio thesium

Alberti Graweri . . . quibus Incarna-tionem ^Eterni Dei Filii ab impugna-tionibus nostrarum ecclesiarum vindi-care voluit. Racovice: typis Sternacianis,1615. 4'. T.i478(6).

35 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Refutatio thesiumde sacrosancta unitate Divinae essentiae,etc. Racovice: typis Sternacianis, 1614.4°. 4223.b.II.

36 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Responsio adlibrum Martini Smiglecii . . . cuititulum fecit, Nova monstra noviarianismi. Racovice: typis Sternacianis,1613. 4°- T.i478(i).

37 ScHMALZ, Valentin. Responsio adscriptum Hermanni Ravenspergeri . . .cui titulum fecit: Par unum sophisma-tum Socinianorum, etc. Racovice: typisSternacianis, 1614. 4°. T.1478(5).

38 SociNUS, Faustus. Fausti Socini

Senensis ad amicos epistolae, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1618. 8°. 4866.a.58.

39 SociNUS, Faustus. Ad Iacobi Palaeologilibrum, cui titulus est, Defensio versesententiae de magistratu politico, etc.Racovia: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1627. 8°. 853.C.37.

40 SociNUS, Faustus. Fausti Socini Brevesquidam de diversis materiis adChristianam religionem pertinentibustractatus, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii, 1618. 8°. 4226.c.6(4);

41 SociNUS, Faustus. Brevis discursus decausa, ob quam creditur aut noncreditur Evangelio Jesu Christi, etc.Racovice: typis Sternacianis^ 1614. 8°.

4226.c.3(i).42 SociNUS, Faustus. Christianse religionis

brevissima institutio, etc. Racovice:typis Sebastiani Sternacii, 1618. 8 .̂

43 SociNUS, Faustus. Concionis Christi,quae habetur capite quinto, sexto &septimo apud Matthaeum Evangelistamexplicatio, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii., 1618. 8°. 69i.a.8(i).

44 SociNUS, Faustus. De baptismo aqusEdisputatio, etc. Racovice: typis Seba-stiani Sternacii, 1613. 8°. 4226.C.2;

4226.C.12;

45 SociNUS, Faustus. Fausti SociniSenensis De coena Domini tractatusbrevis, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii, 1618. 8°. 4226.c.2(2);

4226x4(1);4226.c.6(i).

46 SociNUS, Faustus. De Iesu Christi FiliiDei natura sive essentia . . . Secundo

214

edita, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii, 1627. 8°. 4226.c.i2(i);

4226.c.8(3).47 SOCINUS, Faustus. De Iesu Christi

invocatione disputatio . . . Secundaeditio, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternaciiy 1626, 8°. 4226.c.io(i).

48 SOCINUS, Faustus. De loco PauliApostoli in Epistola ad Rom. . . .disputatio . . . Editio secunda, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1612. 8°. 39io.aa.i5(i).

49 SOCINUS, Faustus. De Sacrae Scripturseauctoritate libellus, etc. Racovice: typisSebastiani Sternacii, 1611. 8°.

39io.aa.i5(2).

50 SOCINUS, Faustus. De statu primihominis ante lapsum disputatio, etc.Racovice: typis Sternacianis, 1610. 4°.

479.b.i3(r).

51 SOCINUS, Faustus. Defensio animad-versionum Fausti Socini Senensis,in assertiones theologicas CollegiiPosnaniensis de Trino & Uno Deo, etc.Racovia: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1618. 8°. 4226.c.3(2).

52 SOCINUS, Faustus. Defensio disputa-tionis suse de loco septimi capitisEpistolse ad Romanos, etc. Racovice:typis Sebastiani Sternacii, 1618. 8°.

4226.c.8(5).

53 SOCINUS, Faustus. Disputatio de adora-tione Christi, etc. Racovice: typisSebastiani Sternacii, 1618. 8°.

4226.0.10(2);4226.0.8(1).

54 SOCINUS, Faustus. Elenchi sophistici,etc. Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1625. 8°. 4226.c.6(3);

4226.0.11(3).55 SOCINUS, Faustus. Fragmenta duorum

scriptorum Fausti Socini Senensis, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1619. 8°. 4226.a.i5(i);

4226.0.8(4).

56 SOCINUS, Faustus. Lectiones sacrae, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1618. 8°. 4226.0.6(5);

4226.0.2(3);691.a. 8(2).

57 SOCINUS, Faustus. Fausti Socini miscel-lanea: hoc est, scripta theologica, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1611. 8°. 4226.0.1(5).

58 SOCINUS, Faustus. Pr^electiones theo-logicae, etc. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii, 1609. 4°. 4224.bbb.13.

59 SOCINUS, Faustus. Prslectiones theo-logicae . . . Editio seounda, etc. Racovia:typis Sebastiani Sternacii, 1627. 4°.

4225.0.57.60 SOCINUS, Faustus. Quod Regni Poloniae

et Magni Duoatus Lithuaniae homines,vulgo Evangelioi dicti . . . deberent seillorum coetui adjungere, qui in iisdemlocis falso atque immerito Arriani atqueEbionitae vocantur, etc. Racovice: typisSebastiani Sternacii, 1611. 8°.

4226.0.1(4).

61 SOCINUS, Faustus. Fausti Sooini Senen-sis responsio ad libellum Jacobi WuiekiJesuitae Polonice editum De divinitateFilii Dei, etc. Typis Sternacianis, 1624.8°- 4226.c.9.

62 SOCINUS, Faustus. Tractatus de Deo,Christo, et Spiritu Sanoto. Racovice:typis Sebastiani Sternacii^ i 6 i i . 8°.

4226.0.1(1).

63 SOCINUS, Faustus. Tractatus de Eccle-sia. Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,

^ - 8°. 39io.aa.i5(3);4226.0.1(3).

215

64 SociNUS, Faustus. Tractatus de iusti-ficatione. Racovice: typis SebastianiSternacii., 1611. 8°. 4226.c.i(2).

65 STOJENSKI, Jan. De Iesu Christi divini-tate et remissione peccatorum nostro-rum, etc. Racovice: typis Sternacianis,1618. 4°. 479.b.i3(2).

66 STOJESISKI, Jan. Modlitwy nabozne orozne potrzeby. 1633. 12̂ .̂ C.i35.b.25.

67 SzLiCHTiNG, Jonasz. Ionae Schlichtingiia Bukowiec, De SS. Trinitate, de mora-libus N. &. V. Testamenti praeceptis,itemque de Sacris Eucharistiae &Baptismi ritibus, etc. [Rakdrv, Lubcz,]

i637[-39]- 8°. 1489-1.8.68 SzLiCHTiNG, Jonasz. Quaestio num ad

Regnum Dei possidendum necesse sitin nullo peccato Evangelicae doctrinaeadverso manere?, etc. Typis PauliSternacii, 1635. 8°. 4226.c.10(3).

69 SzLiCHTiNG, Jonasz. Quaestiones duae. . . contra Balthasarem Meisnerum,etc. Typis Pauli Sternacii, 1636. 8°.

i 492 . f I I .

70 VoLKEHUS, Ioannes. Johannis VolkeliiMisnici De vera religione libri quinque,etc. Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1630. 4°. 4225.cc.31.

71 VoLKELius, Ioannes. Nodi Gordii aMartino Smiglecio nexi dissolutio.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1613. 8°. 4224.aa.27(1).

72 VoLKELius, Ioannes. Responsio advanam refutationem Dissolutionis NodiGordii a Martino Smiglecio nexi.Racovice, 1618. 4°. T.i478(3).

DESTROYED IN 1941

1 CRELLIUS, Ioannes. Commentarius inEpistolam Pauli Apostoli ad Galatas,etc. Racovice: typis Sternacianis, 1628.8°. 3266.aa.24(2).

2 SociNUS, Faustus. Commentarius inEpistolam Iohannis Apostoli primam,etc. Racovice: typis Sternacianis, 1614.8°. 3227.a.27(i).

3 SociNUS, Faustus. Explicatio primspartis primi capitis Iohannis, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1618. 8°. 3226.a.42.

4 SzLiCHTiNG, Jonasz. Commentarius inEpistolam ad Hebraeos, etc. Racovice:typis Pauli Sternacii, 1634. 8°.

3266.aa.24(1).

PSEUDO-RACOVIAN IMPRINTS

1 CATECHESIS ecclesiarum, quae in RegnoPoloniae & Magno Ducatu Lithuaniae. . . affirmant, etc. Racovice, 1609.pp. 317. 12". 35o6-a.i.

2 CATECHESIS ecclesiarum, etc. Racovice,1609. pp. 279. 12°. 3206.a.29.

3 CATECHESIS ecclesiarum . . . Cui acceditFausti Socini Senensis vita, etc.Racovice, 1651. 12°. 35o6.a.3.

4 SociNUS, Faustus. Tractatus de iusti-ficatione Fausti Socini Senensis.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1616. 4°. 478.b.19.

5 SzLiCHTiNG, Jonasz. Notae in Doct.Georgii Vechneri concionem, etc.Racovice: typis Sebastiani Sternacii,1644. 8°. 3226.aa.49.

1 A. Kawecka-Gryczowa, Ariahskie oftcynywydawnicze Rodeckiego i Sternackiego (Wroclaw.,etc., 1974).

2 Pseudonymns: Aleksander Turobinczyk, Turo-binius, Theophilus Adamides, Petrus Ravisius.

3 C. Francken, Pracipuarum enumeratio causarum[1584]-

4 C. Sandius, Bibliotheca Antitrinitariorum (Frei-stadt, 1684), pp. 82-3.

5 Viz. [F. Aulack], AdS.R.M. legatorum nobilitatis

216

Ducatus Prussiae literae (1587). Bible: NowyTestament (1577). N. Bucella, Refutatio scriptiSimonis Simonii (1588). C. Francken, Praci-puarum enumeratio causarum [1584]. E. Iohannis,Antithesis doctrines Christi et Antichrisii (1585).S. Klonowic, Victoria deorum [c. 1595]. S.Sarnicki, Annales (1587). S. Sarnicki, Descriptioveteris et novae Potonice (1585). F. Socinus, AdIacobi Palaologi librum (1581). F. Socinus, Argu-menti pro trino et uno Deo . . . examinatio (1591).F. Socinus, De Iesu Christo Servatore (1594). F.Socinus, Refutatio libelli (1594). M. Squarcialupi,Simonis Simonii summa religio (1588).

6 S. Kot, 'Anglo-polonica', offprint from Naukapotska, vol. XX (Warsaw, 1935), pp. 57-60. S. Kot,'OddziaJywanie braci polskich zwanych socyn-janami w Anglji', offprint from Reformacja w

Polsce, vol. vii/viii (Warsaw, 1936), pp. 4-10.H. J. McLachlan, Socinianism in seventeenth-century England (Oxford, 1951), pp- 25-9-

7 R. Wallace, Antitrinitarian biography (London,1850), vol. 2, p. 578.

8 H. J. McLachlan, op. cit., pp. 144-8.9 Ibid., p. 121.

10 De Iesu Christo Servatore ([Cracow]; Rodecki,1594)-

11 H. J. McLachlan, op. cit., p. 119.12 L. M. Oliver, 'An early Socinian publication in

England', Harvard Library Bulletin, vol. vii(1953), PP- 119-21.

13 A. K. Gryczowa, op. cit., p. 201.14 Described by W. Sobieski, 'Modlitewnik

arianki', Reformacja w Polsce, vol. i (1921), pp.58-63.

217