Society for California Archaeology

NEWSLETTER Volume 24 Number 1 January 1990

Men Sentenced For Violating The

Archaeological Resources Protection Act

by Jim Johnston. Forest Archaeologist Lassen National Forest

On December 7. 1989 Judge Milton Schwartz sen­tenced Fred Lindauer. 55. of Manton. Tehama County and Bruce Owens. 51. of Oak Run. Shasta County for their illegal excavation of an archaeologi­cal site on the Lassen National Forest. Forest law enforcement officers arrested Lindauer and Owens on June 4. 1989. as they were looting a site located 20 miles northeasCof Red Bluff. The men pleaded guilty to a felony violation of the Archaeological Re­sources Protection Act (ARPA) on October 26. 1989. It is the first felony conviction for violation of the ARPA in California. Judge Schwartz ordered each man to serve 60 days in prison. pay a $1.000 fine. surrender a significant portion of his private collec­tion of Native American artifacts (all artifacts from northern California. eastern Oregon. and western Ne­vada). forfeit a vehicle used in commission of the crime. and serve a one year term of supervised re­lease. United States Attorney David Levi stated: ."the U. S. Attorney's Office will continue to prose­cute vigorously those who loot sites on public land." His sentiments were echoed by Lassen National For­est Supervisor Dick Henry: "Archaeological sites are non-renewable resources. Once they are damaged. information they hold is gone. so we are going to take every opportunity to arrest those causing the problems."

Looting of archaeological sites on the Lassen Nation­al Forest is a serious problem. especially in the roll­ing foothills and rugged canyons of the northeastern Sacramento river drainage east of Red Bluff. an area referred to as the Forest's "front country." Archaeo­logical sites in the front country are especially vul­nerable to destruction. This is due in part to the rel­ative isolation of the area. the high visibility of what were Yana winter villages. the abundance of artifacts and the notoriety of the area as the homeland of "Ishi." It is sadly irOnic that the very richness of the archaeological resource should contribute to its de­

mise. It is even more regrettable when one considers that the native occupants of the area were systemati­cally hunted down and virtually eliminated in the 19th century. Remains of their culture are subject to the same kind of methodical destruction more than a hundred years later.

Over the past few years. looting activity had in­creased in the Forest's front country. In response. the Forest Special Agent and Forest Archaeologist de­veloped a plan for protecting sites from looters. The plan was activated in the spring of 1989 and lead di­rectly to the successful prosecution of Lindauer. Owens and four other individuals.

On June 4. 1989. a Forest law enforcement officer observed Lindauer and Owens unloading a motorcy­cle. an A1V. screens and shovels from a pick-up lo­cated at a trailhead. The vehicle was parked next to a sign that stated: the excavation and removal of ar­chaeological resources is prohibited. Officers later followed and located Lindauer and Owens and appre­hended them as they were digging in a prehistoriC Yana village. They had excavated and screened three cubic meters of midden in two hours. Found in their possession were 38 projectile pOints and numerous other artifacts that had been removed from the site. Found in the pickup of the looters were several maps with tick marks. Don Manuel. Susanville District Ar­chaeologist for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). later identified that almost all the tick marks correspond to archaeological sites on BLM lands that have recently been looted.

Shortly following the apprehension of Lindauer and Owens. Forest Special Agent Paul Steensland was in­formed that both Lindauer's and Owens' private col­lections are extensive. Steensland was also informed by Deputy Amy Foster. Shasta County Sheriffs De­partment. that Lindauer had been previously arrest­ed for looting archaeological Sites. including graves. In addition. Foster said there had been many com­plaints about the activities of Lindauer and Owens over the past several years.

In response to allegations that Owens. a resident of Shasta County, had an extensive collection of arti­facts taken illegally from burial sites, Shasta County served a search warrant on Owens' residence. (Continued on page 10)

[ President's Message SCA EXECUTIVE BOARD 1989 - 1990 Officers and Their Committees

President - Slate Legislation, HASC Represenlative Jim Woodward 5915 34th Avenue Sacramento, CA 95824 w: (916) 322-8570

President-Elect - Federal Legislation, HASC Rep. Sonia Tamez 545 33rd Street Richmond, CA 94804 w: (415) 705-2554

Immediate Past President - SCA By-Laws SCA Manual for Officers and Chairs Information Center CommitteeRepresentative Michael A. Glassow Department of Anthropology University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 w: (805) 961-2054

Northern Vice-President - Membership Drive Greg Greenway 51 G lenshire Lane Chico, CA 95926 w: (916) 934·3316

Southern Vice-Predident - Curation John Johnson Santa Barbara Musewn of Natural History 2559 Puesta del Sol Road Santa Barbara, CA 93105 w: (805) 682-4711

Secretary - Emergency Monitors and Advisors 1990 Annual Meeting Arrangements Barb Bocek Department of Anthropology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-2145 w: (415) 725-2956

Treasurer - Proceedings Marketing, New Member Survey Information Center Committee Representative Christian Gerike California Archaeological Inventory Department of Anthropology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA 94928 w: (707) 664-2494

With this issue the Executive Board is pleased to an­nounce the appointment of Doug Bryce as our new Production Editor for the SCA Newsletter. Bryce. 55. is a retired supeIVtsor of the Audio Visual and Publi­cations sections of Interpretive SeIVtces with State Parks, where he also seIVed as a ranger. He current­ly seIVes as executive manager and newsletter editor for the California State Parks Rangers Association. and as manager for the CalifOrnia Park Rangers As­sociation. He has also seIVed as manager for the Western Interpreters Association. Though not an ar­chaeologist, he is a good friend and supporter of cul­tural and environmental resource programs. This is­sue was produced with the assistance of Bob Orlins, Valerie Levulett, Gary Breschini and n-udy Haversat. On behalf of the Society I would like to thank Gary and Trudy for all the editing, layout. production. and distribution of the Newsletter for the past four years. and for their gracious assistance in making the tran­Sition to the new editor.

Bryce Is well organized for the timely layout and pro­duction of the Newsletter. including the use of a ma­chine that neatly separates adhesive mailing labels from their backing. so that newsletters received from the printer at 4PM can be in the mail by 7PM. The Executive Board and Bryce have agreed to the follow­ing publishing schedule for 1990, which we share with membership to encourage contributions and in­volvement with the Society. Newsletter due dates Expect a Newsletter February 15 March 10 April 15 May 10 June 15 July 10 August 15 September 10 October 15 November 10 (Continued on page 10)

SCAStaff

SCA Business Office Manager - Susan Spraker Membership Services, Elections,

Archives, Publication Sales Department of Anthropology California State University Fullerton, CA 92634 (714) 773-3977

Newsletter Production Editor - Doug Bryce P.O. Box 28366 Sacramento, CA 95828-0366 (916) 383-2530

SCA NEWSLETTER 24 (1) 2 JANUARY 1990

Last Call for Papers, SCA Annual Meeting, SCA 1990 Annual MeetingFirst Call for Registration

The 1990 Annual Meetlngs will be held April 4-7 at the Holiday IIUl in Foster City. This is the first time in 22 years that SCA has met in the San Francisco Bay Area. and we are hoping for a good turnout. HoUday lIUl has excellent meeting room facilities, and two large and attractive bars (with modest beer prices) for socializing and individual business. The three-year old hotel has a Japanese decor and a large atrium, attractive rooms, three restaurants. an indoor pool and jacuzzi. and free parking. HoUday lIUl is easy to find on Highway 92. between Highway 101 and the Hayward-San Mateo Bridge. A map will be included in the March Newsletter. Also, HoUday lIUl is only 6 miles from the San Francisco Airport and there is free shuttle service.

A Hotel Registration form is included as an insert in this Newsletter. The hotel must receive your registration forms before March 21. You may also register by phone. but to get our special room rate of $69. make sure HoUday lIUl knows you're with SCA. The room rate is the best we could negotiate by far in the Bay Area. The Society receives free ,~Jli.meet.1ng.<rOQm~ in return for a guarantee of 125 room rentals each night. ,Alternate accomoda­lions are scarce in Foster City (and more expen­sive), so support SCA and save money by staying at the Holiday IIUl and registering early.

The Friday evening awards banquet will offer a chOice of entree, including vegetarian. Our key­note address at the banquet will be by William Rathje of the University of Arizona, a witty and en­gaging speaker best known for his anthropological studies of contemporary Tucson garbage. SCA has also arranged a Wine Tasting get-together for Thursday evening at nearby Coyote Point Mu­seum. On Wednesday afternoon Gary Reinoehl will offer a free and Uvely workshop on giving pa­pers. for early arrivals.

You will also find an Annual Meetlngs registration form in this Newsletter. If you're coming to the Meetlngs, please pre-register. Return the form to Local Arrangements Chair Barb Bocek by March 21 (checks payable to SCA). Let us know if you plan to attend the Banquet or Wine-Tasting. Any­one interested in bringing book or poster exhibits. or who has other questions or comments about lo­cal arrangements should contact:

Barb Bocek, Department of Anthropology Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305-2145 Telephone (415) 725-2956

The 1990 Annual Meeting will be held at the Foster City Holiday Inn April 4-7. If you have a paper to present at this meeting it is time to put together your abstract and send it in. Abstracts should include the name of the author(s), affiliation(s), address and phone numbers, the paper title, and an in­dication if it is a research paper (10 min­utes), a contributed paper (20 mInutes), or part of an organized symposium (also 20 minutes maximum). The presentation of or­ganized symposia is encouraged. Sympo­sium organizers should submit an outline and abstract as well.

The abstract itself should be no more than 100 words. typed and single-spaced. A Ko­dak Carousel slide projector and screen will be provided in each meeting room. Anyoth­er audio-visual eqUipment requested (no guarantees) should be indicated. Members should prepare their papers with later pub­lication in the Proceedings in mind, and then revise them for a listening, watching (and questioning?) audience.

All paper abstracts and symposium out­lines must be submitted to the program chair by February 1, 1990. Please send all abstracts to:

Kent Lightfoot SCA Program Chair Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Telephone (415) 642-1309 or 642-3391

SCA NEWSLEITER 24 (1) 3 JANUARY 1990

seA Executive Board Actions - by Barb Bocek

The fourth Executive Board meeting of 1989-90 was held November 5 at the home of Greg Greenway in Chico. with Jim Woodward. Sonia Tamez. Christian Gerike. Barb Bocek. and John Johnson. Mike Glass­ow had discussed the agenda items with Woodward, but was unable to attend due to Vandenberg report deadlines.

Woodward began the meeting with thanks to Green­way and Johnson for exceptionally well-organized and well-attended Data Sharing Meetings in Chico and Santa Barbara. He also noted that Tamez re­cently organized two symposia at the California Indi­an Conference, and that Gerike had organized a workshop for Information Center coordinators.

Minutes of the June 3 and August 16 Board meet­ings were approved.

Gerike presented the Treasurer's Report. Our bal­ance as of November 4 was $11.687 including $463 in earned interest. Expenditures since June 3 in­clude $2400 to Coyote Press for three issues of the Newsletter. $217 for Board member travel. $592 for, the Business Office Manager. and $608 for business expenses (mail. printing. supplies).

Gerike noted that raising SCA membership dues last year was a wise and necessary move because this provides the vast majority of our income. He sug­gested setting up a petty cash fund of $200 at the Business Office so that Susan Spraker need not front her own money for supplies. then wait to be re­imbursed. Board members agreed that Spr~er con­tinues to do a terrific job for SCA. Woodward added that she just completed major work on part of the ar­chives. A motion to provide Spraker with a 50-cent raise to $8.50 an hour and a $100 Christmas bonus carried unanimously.

Gerike shared a proposed New Members Package in draft form. including a welcome letter, the SCA goals. an interest form for volunteer involvement. the Arti­cles of Incorporation and By-Laws. and publications available from the Business Office. Gerike felt that new members receiving a package like this would be encouraged to partiCipate in SCA committees. to con­tribute to the Newsletter. etc. Greenway suggested adding the Proceedings editorial policy. Everyone thanked Gerike for assembling the package and agreed to review it before the January 27 Board meeting.

Board members had an extended discussion about recent dlfficulties with the timing and editing of the Newsletter. Gerike suggested that we add a state­

ment on our commentary pages to the effect that let­ters may be edited. and express only the author's opinions. There was also a concern that members might be discouraged from contributing articles be­cause of the irregular timing of publication and short next-issue deadlines. Woodward summarized the disadvantages of changIng editors. such as inevitable start-up costs and possible delays.

Johnson reminded the group that SCA has often been deeply divided on various issues, such as rebu­rial, and that people have on occasion become alien­ated. Tamez said that we should focus primarily on positive reasons for selecting a new editor. and to recognize the many contributions that Gary Breschi­ni and Trudy Haversat have made to the SCA as edi­tors for the last four years. serving as past officers. chairs of the 1984 Annual Meeting. and for produc­tion of the Annual Meeting program for the last two years.

Woodward asked for a motion that Doug Bryce be appointed as Production Editor of the Newsletter. ef­fective immediately. Tamez made the motion. Gerike seconded; five members voted in favor. with Johnson abstaining. Woodward authorized Gerike to issue a $1000 advance to Bryce for production of the next Newsletter.

Tamez reported on a contract which has been signed to hold the 1991 Annual Meeting in Sacramento at the new Raddisson Hotel. March 21 to 24. Tamez stated that she was able to negotiate very good rates ($69/single-double, $79/triple. $89/quads: com­pared to $92/double offered by the Red Lion Inn). We followed Connie Cameron's suggestion at last year's Annual BUSiness Meeting to shift the confer­ence to Friday-Sunday noon. We are planning for a 25th Anniversary general session on Palm Sunday. the last day of the Meetings. Woodward thanked Ta­mez for her hard work and great results.

The Board confirmed two new appointments: Rich­ard Markley as Program Chair for the 1991 Annual Meeting, and Lester Ross as a member of the Nomi­nation COmmittee. to work with Chair Terry Jones. (The other two members of the NOmination Commit­tee are Richard Markley and John Holson, appOinted subsequently.]

FolloWing a discussion on preparations for the 1990 Annual Meeting. Woodward proposed a new SCA award in memory of Martin A Baumhoff to recognize special achievements in CalifOrnia archaeology. It would be given to an individual to honor successful major research or other special accomplishment completed during the year leading up to the Annual Meeting. A motion was made and passed to estab­lish the Martin A. Baumhoff Special Achievement Award, subject to approval by Helen McCarthy (later received]. The recipient will be the decision of the

.SCA President, as with the Lifetime Achievement and

seA NEWSLEITER 24 (1) 4 JANUARY 1990

Mark R. Hanington Award for Consexvation Archae­ Woodward proposed that we accept an informalinVi­ology. tation to Join the Planning and Conservation

League (PCL) as a member of their Board. He noted Honorees for these awards were then presented by that membership costs $2500 a year. but that the Woodward and disCussed favorably by the Board. Archaeological Consexvancy will share the position Woodward also noted that for each award, three peo­ with SCA, resulting in a cost of only $1250 to each ple had to be identified: who to receive it, who to organization. Ric Windmiller would represent SCA present it at the Banquet, and who to ensure by any and the Consexvancy, a good choice since he is a means necessary that the recipient actually shows member of both and a strong advocate for archaeo­up at the Banquet to accept it. logical presexvatIon programs.

In mid-October Glassow forwarded to Board Mem­ Woodward stated that PCL Board membership is a bers a copy of the newly revised proposal to amend serious fiscal commitment for SCA, but that poten­the By-Laws, along with comments from Rob Ed­ tial benefits to resource protection far outweigh the wards, Paul Chace. and Dave Fredrickson. Also. costs. PCL has an effective lobbying service that Woodward reviewed the By-Laws for conformance could give us a stronger voice in structuring AB 145 with California's 1980 Nonprofit Corporation Law. (the next resource bond act), in developing a joint The group reViewed and in general. supported all the resolution on rock art presexvatIon, and on other leg­new suggestions. All Board members agreed that islation affecting archeological resources. PCL is with a few final changes the proposed amendments also the foremost environmental initiative writing or­to the By-Laws were ready to go to the membership ganization ·in California, author of Proposition 70 for approval. . and participant in Proposition 99.

Chace suggested that we hold two elections, one for PCL's 21st Century Study, for example, may result in all changes except those in the Ethical Guidelines, an initiative for $800 million annually for wildlife, and one for the Ethical GUidelines alone. He felt that recreation. (and hopefully cultural) resource acquisi­controversy, or at least lack of consensus over the tion and consexvation, with funds from hotel/motel Guidelines' language might result in lack of approval taxes, oil severance, development, real estate trans-for all the proposed changes. However. the group felt . fer, or other sources. Woodward noted the frustra­two elections would be costly and time-consuming. t' tion we have experienced in trying to add money to Woodward believed that potential problems could be OHP's budget through the normal legislative and ad­aVOided by constructing a "line-item" ballot. in which . Visory committee process, and obsexved that we sim­members could vote yes or no on each proposed . ply don't have the money for legislative influence like group of changes. Charles Keating, Jr. Everything indicates that funds

for programs important to SCA will only be gained Woodward reported that Mike Moratto gave a presen­ through initiative campaigns like this. Gerike and tation on the Information Center Committee to the Greenway expressed some concern about the State Historical Resources Commission (SHRC) meet­ amount of money involved, and whether there was ing. November 3, in RiverSide. According to Lester already some disenchantment by voters with the ini­Ross, who represented SCA, Moratto gave a strong tiative process. and positive verbal summary of information received from committee members. The SCA hopes to com­ Tamez moved (seconded by Johnson) to join PCL as a ment on and support this important study, and to joint Board Member with the Archaeological Conser­print a summary of the committee report in the vancy. Gerike said that communication with mem­Newsletter when it becomes available. bers about our rationale for joining PCL would be es­

sential, and that contributions are needed to cover Woodward noted that the SHRC's lack of support in our costs. Bocek asked whether we couldn't join for their Annual Report for OHP's Information Center a year and assess the relationship annually. Gerike budget request was disappOinting. Gerike agreed. said that early results would go a long way toward but said that we should not be discouraged--that all ensuring membership support. The motion carried the letters and testimony from SCA are definitely unanimously. Woodward announced (and the Board making the SHRC aware of their unmet responsibili­ confirmed) the appOintment of Robert Mark to repre­ties. Woodward reiterated that SCA needs to be rep­ sent SCA on the 21st Century Study. resented at SHRC meetings (and the Native American Heritage CommiSsion meetings as well). Woodward reported on initial efforts to set-up and

incorporate CaUfomians for Archaeological Action Draft guidelines for Emergency Monitors/Advisors (CAAl. a 501c4 nonprofit organization for political have been drafted and circulated for comment to actiVity, one which is tax exempt but to which contri­Board members. Woodward asked for approval to butions are not deductible. Woodward explained write OHP and NAHC proposing that the gUidelines that SCA is a 501c3 tax exempt charitable nonprofit be considered: there was general consent. organization, and is limited to contributing 20% of

our tax-exempt budget to political actiVity. CM as a

seA NEWSLETTER 24 (1) 5 JANUARY 1990

- ;j

Federal Legislative Boxscore Update December 1989

by Sonia Tamez

28. 1989. and is now P. L. 101-185.

S 1021 Introduced by McCain - In the Indian Af­fairs Select Committee. This bill. a companion b1l1 to HR 1646. prOvides penalties for sale or transport of sacred objects and skeletal remains. The b1l1 also defmes federal policy regarding the treatment of sa­cred objects and grave goods in a manner consistent

There are currently over two dozen federal bills in various stages of development that address Indian concerns. This is an unprecedented number of bills and indicates two trends:

1) Native Americans are effectively seeking legisla­ttve relief to some of the most pressing issues that they have tried to litigate (i.e .. governmental status, access to. use and protection of culturally important areas and resources), and

2) they are receiving a lot of support in Congress.

This paper describes the major Federal b1l1s and oth­er legislative developments and briefly assesses their Implications. We will keep you updated on their progress.

The Rellgious and Cultural Preservation Act. also known as the Cultural Rights Act is being worked on by the Native American Rights Fund. The Act has been CirCulating to tribal organizations and others in rough draft form. The draft Act is seen as a legisla­ttve remedy for the Judiciary'S failure to protect Indi­an 1st Amendment Rights (e.g .. the GO-Road deci­sion). It is also percetved as providing federal agencies with a necessary legal foundation from which to affirmatively protect and promote Nattve American socio-cultural values.

This is an omnibus b1l1 without a sponsor. but with a lot of interest particularly in the sections addressing repatriation of burials and protection of religious freedom. Key provisions include a process for con­

. sultatlon and negotiation with both traditional relig­iouS and governmental leaders regarding land man­agement decisions in order to protect sacred areas. The proposed b1l1 emphasizes that "federal agenCies should provide for specific conSideration of any Na­ttve American religious concerns during planning and environmental review prior to making any deci­sion regarding use of federal lands and resources." A detailed consultation. documentation and review process (over and beyond that currently existing for environmental legtslation) is created.

S 978 Introc1uced by Inouye 05/11/89 Senator Inouye developed (with Rep. Bingman) an Indian Mu­seum Bill. This bill authOrized the establishment of (within the Smithsonian) the National Museum of the Ameri(;!an Indian. The bill passed the Senate with amendments regarding repatriation of remains at the Smithsonian. was signed by the PreSident November

with the wishes of the relevant tribes.

S 1124 Introduced by McCain - In the Indian Af· fairs Select Committee. The "American Indian Re­ligious Freedom Act Amendments of 1989" b1l1 is the companion bill to HR 1546. The b1l1 would protect areas vital to Indian religious practice on federal lands. The b1l1 also provides for District Court juris­diction in matters of litigation.

S 1289 Introduced by McCain 07/11/89· In the Indian Affalrs Select Committee. This bill is in­tended to improve the management of forests and woodlands and the production of forest resources on Indian lands. There are Implications for joint ven­tures with federal agencies and technology transfer.

S 1578 Introduced by Fowler 08/04/89 ­Referred to EnerO' and Natural Resources Com­mittee. This b1l1 would establish an independent Historic Preservation Agency and a National Center for Preservation Technology.

S 1579 Introduced by Fowler 08/04/89· Referred to EnerO' and Natural Resources Com­mittee. The "National Historic Preservation Act" consolidates heritage policy and authorities under a single legislative authority by amending the National Historic Preservation Act and the Archaeological Re­sources Protection Act. The bill also broadens the authority for Nattve American involvement in federal activities and establishes policy for the treatment of Native American burials and grave goods.

HR 498 Introduced by Inouye - In the Indian Af· fairs Subcommittee. This b1l1 would strengthen law enforcement authorities in Indian Country and pro­vide for multiagency. cooperative law enforcement programs.

HR 876 Introduced by Udall 02/06/89 - Out of Interior and Insular Affairs Committee. This is an omnibus b1l1 that would call for the identillcation and protection of threatened national parks. land­marks. and "natural, historical. cultural and outdoor recreational heritage." It also provides for coordinat­ed planning with. and finanCial assistance to. affect­ed states and local governments including tribes. This bill was approved by the house Interior Commit­tee May 3. 1989. There are significant changes to the original draft in order to respond to Indian Tribes' concerns regarding tribal programs and rela­tionships with the State HistoriC Preservation Offic­es. Its prognosis is poor.

seA NEWSLETTER 24 (1) 8 JANUARY 1990

Archaeological Resources Protection Act

(Continued from page 1)

The Sheriffs Department recovered numerous arti­facts. some human remains. screens. maps display­ing archaeological site locations and archaeological site re-cords.

Native Americans. archaeologists. historians and others have expressed their outrage over the looting actMties of Lindauer and Owens. Residents of Montgomery Creek. where Owens is a teacher. are seeklng his dismissal.

The sentencing of Undauer and Owens marks the successful culmination of a joint effort by Lassen Na­tional Forest Law enforcement officers and archaeol­ogist. the U.S. Attorney's Office. and the Shasta County Sheriffs Department to protect archaeological sites. In addition to the felony prosecution of Lin­dauer and Owens. four others were convicted in fed­eral court. in 1989. of lesser charges involving arti­fact theft on the Lassen National Forest. Steensland believes the convictions are an effective deterrent. 'The looting activity on the Forest has dropped sub­stantially. so it looks like people are getting the mes­sage" he said.

President's Message (Continued from page 1)

Those members with access to Macintosh computers are encouraged to send in a disk (along with a printed copy) of articles for publication in the Newsletter. Bryce has software for Microsoft Word. Ready-Set­Go. and MacWrite I or II, which can save time on the keyboard. Members are also encouraged to contrib­ute drawings and black and white photos. which can be returned.

With this issue we are proud to introduce the wonder­ful rock art illustrations of John Betts, Box 1371, Ta­hoe City. CA 95730. (916) 583-6495. These draw­ings are copyrighted, unlike the Newsletter itself, and may not be reproduced without permission. Limited edition larger scale reprints are available. Betts also does artifact illustrations as a consultant.

This issue also includes a paid announcement of job openings with Archaeological Services, Inc. SCA is pleased to provide this news to members looking for work, and to consultants looking for qualified talent, much like a classified ad. One-time job and service announcements of 75 words or less are welcome at a charge of $25 per ad.

The demand (and competition) for archaeologists is

SCA NEWSLEITER 24 (1)

increasing statewide, and we hope that more students (including Native Americans) will be attracted to the promiSing field of cultural resource management. If all counties and cities suddenly began to comply with their CEQA responsibilities for archaeology, we would be unable to meet their needs. The appointment of Al­lan Bramlette to a new position at Humboldt State Uni­versity, in both the Anthropology Department and Cen­ter for Community Development, is further encour­agement for training students and expanding the scope and reach of California archaeology.

SCA Executive Board Actions

(Continued from page 5)

501c4 could accept and expend funds for political activities. such as fund raising for initiative cam­paigns. Tamez made a motion to proceed with incor­poration of CAA: Gerlke seconded. and the motion was approved unanimously.

Woodward thanked the Board for supporting the pro­posal to partiCipate in the Alcohol To: Initiative. which might have prOVided $2 million annually to conserve archaeological resources. administered by the SHRC. SCA had pledged $8000 in support of that initiative campaign. All environmental accounts were dropped from the initiative at the last minute by Assemblyman Lloyd Connelly. alas, due to polling data showing only 50/50 support to raise alcohol taxes for those purposes.

SCA Archives Committee by Susan Spraker and Jane Gothold

The SCA Archives Committee is alive and well and working on the SCA Archives. We are stlll missing two Newsletters: Volume 2. No.3 and Volume 8, No.4. If any of you have these in your collection. will you please send them to the SCA Business Office.

Also. if you are one of those individuals who have collected data over the years pertinent to the SeA. won't you consider making it available to us so that our archives will be as complete as possible. Thanks again to Paul Schumacher and Lester Ross for providing us with valuable

. information.

10 JANUARY 1990

--------------------------------------------

Whether carried out in federal, state. or local con­text, public archaeology varies considerably in quali­Proceedinis Update ty, usefulness and competence. Substandard public archaeology exacts a price. That price is paid by gov­ernments in the form of poor management decisions, laWSUits, and protracted environmental review pro­cesses; by the private sector in the form of project

by MartIn D. Rosen

Volume 3 of the SCA Proceedings is coming along quite nicely. Twenty-four papers have been received delays and attendant costs; and by the archaeologi­

cal community in the form of devisiveness and aand accepted for publication. They have gone checkered public image. Most ttnportantly, archaeo­through the editorial process and have been re­

turned to the authors for final preparations. Most of logical resources themselves are subject to inconsis­the submittals conformed well to the NStyle GUide." tent treatment and consideration, including, on the

one hand, inadequate research, or at the other ex­A slightly revised guide will be published in Volume 3. treme. the unjustifiable pursuit of inconsequential

data. The content and scholarly presentation of the papers is high and we believe all SCA members can be The ARMR guidelines were developed to address proud of the authors' contributions. The papers cov­ these problems by offering an aid to archaeolOgical er most geographical areas of California. Topics in­ report preparation and review. Use of the guidelines

should ensure that all needed data will be included clude prehistoric and historic archaeology. rock art, faunal analyses, social geography, preservation op­ and organized. to optimize effiCiency and utility. portunities for the SCA, and California in world ar­ "Needed data" refers to information usually required chaeology (Brian Fagan's keynote address given at by regulatory or review agencies and by the Informa­the Annual Banquet last April). Initial distribution of tion Centers of the California Archaeological Invento­

ry. The checkl1st that is part of this guidance was Vol. 3 will be to renewing members attending the developed as an additional means of exercising rapid April 1990 Annual Meetings in Foster City. Any quality assessment of archaeological reports. comments regarding the Proceedings, whether on

content or style, can be addressed to me at the fol­Although the guidelines do not represent a state­lowing: mandated program, the SHPO strongly urges anyone involved with public archaeology to read and useMartin D. Rosen them. This guidance can be understood and effec­SCA Proceedings tively used by the professional archaeologist as wen7226 Vtar Avenue as by a broad spectrum of other professionals andSan Diego, CA 92120 deCision-makers interested in ensuring that an in­vestment in archaeology serves the public interest. Local governments in particular should adopt the Proceedings Available guidelines as the standard according to which ar­chaeological studies will be carried out, reported.

Volumes 1 and 2 of the SCA Proceedings are stin and judged.available for $17.00 each, including postage and handling. If you would like to order them, please For copies of the ARMR gUidelines, or further infor­send your name, address. check. and request for mation on SHPO programs and gUidelines contact: Vol. 1 or 2 to: SCA BUSiness Office. Anthropology De­partment. C.S.U.F., Fullerton, CA 92634. Office of HistOric Preservation

P. O. Box 942896, 1416 Ninth Street Sacramento, CA 94296-0001Archaeological Report (916) 445-8006

Guidelines Available from I------------,Next Newsletter Deadline IOHP

by Rob Jackson I February 15 I I

The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), under its state and federal mandates. has developed gUid­ I The SeA is looking for news about local I ance for the preparation and review of archaeological I and regional archaeological societies, I reports. This guidance is called "Archaeological Re­ and for a contributing editor to solicit Isource Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended I and select avocational items for theContents and Format.II The purpose of this guidance is to ttnprove the quality of public archaeology in I Newsletter. Anyone interested should I California. contact President Jim Woodward. J,-----------­seA NEWSLETTER 24 (1) 11 JANUARY 1990

ARCHAEOLOGISTS, NATIVE CALIFORNIA

INDIAN DESCENDANTS AND CULTURAL RE­

SOURCE MANAGEMENT by Rosemary Cambra. Chairwoman of Muwekma Ohlone/Costanoan Indian

FamUtes of Santa Clara Valley

Ever since the occupation of CalifOrnia Indian lands began by Hispano-Europeans in the 18th century, the diversified indigenous tribal cultures that had thrived over the centuries, fell into a state of almost total collapse and in some cases near extinction.

With the advent of the establishment of academic in­stitutions' and specifically Anthropology depart­ments, an attempt was made to "salvage the rem­nant memory culture" of the surviving elders of each respective society. This attempt must be conSidered honorable, and gratitude must be extended to those few dedicated linguists, historians, anthropologists and other concerned people who understood the need to record the surviving cultural attributes of our indigenous societies.

Part of these scholarly pursuits included the archae­ological investigation of our ancestral villages, burial grounds and ceremonial sites. Since the beginning of the 19th century many of our ancestral sites have been excavated. The cultural and human remains from these sites have been curated over the decades within large institutions.

During the 19608 and 70s many of our ancestral vU­lages and burial grounds were destroyed by rapid growth and development. During these decades there was little or no protection from destruction. When a site was impacted by construction, the call went out to volunteers to "salvage" the site.

Envtronmentallaws were enacted that sought to pro­tect some of these sites. They were conSidered non­renewable resources by environmentally Oriented people. Concurrently, Native American descendants began to get involved, especially when our ancestral remains were uncovered or threatened. For many of us, the last tangible thing which we can call our own are our ancestral remains. The bUrials selVed as a vehicle for cultural revitalization. We believe that we are the stewards of our ancestors.

As part of the environmental review process there developed a need to have Native American represen­tatives out at sites. The question was who should represent the Native American community? For

many years active people claiming to be Native Amer­ican could selVe this purpose. Some of these Native Americans were either non-BlA documented or BlA documented non-CalifOrnia Indians.

State law was developed in the form of SB 297 to set up the process whereby the Native American Heri­tage COmmission identifies the most likely descen­dant{s) to make appropriate decisions concerning the disposition of our ancestral remains. However, until recently. this process recognized anybody who want­ed to be on the list. Now, we as documented descen­dants are asking for other Indians to present ade­quate documentation of their lineage or tribe.

Much of the information generated from CRM reports has very little or nothing to do with the liVing descen­dants. Where is the anthropological process that connects us to our past? What are the tangible ben­efits back to Indian communities? Where are the collections housed?

Through time our families deCided that we needed to take control of our ancestral remains. The only way of dOing this was to create a cooperative atmosphere that did not threaten developers. archaeologists and agencies. We decided to educate ourselves and learn about archaeology and human osteology. Our elders and grandchUdren attended workshops. We even salvaged our own ancestral rema.tI!s by excavating them out of the ground in conjunction with universi­ty archaeologists.

Our position is one that includes: 1) support of pro­tecting our ancestral sites, 2) if need be, sensitive re­moval and analysis of bUrials. and then 3) reburial of our ancestral human remains. We as descendants of the East Bay Muwekma Costanoan Tribe desire to be in the forefront of this decision making process. We don't want to be treated in a tokenistic fashion.

We want our people to be employed. We want other Native Americans to be employed. Archaeologists should be working in conjunction with us as the rightful descendants.

If we don't get involved and allow ourselves to be pushed to the margins of this complex process. we will find ourselves continuing the myth of the ar­chaeologist as grave robber. By becoming involved and educated descendants of our culture we will then be in position to share our rich and long cultu­ral history with all interested people. educational in­stitutions and museums who so much want to know about our people.

Currently. these goals are not possible. because not only are archaeological reports. collections. and re­lated information generally unavaUable to the public. they are inaccessible to the descendants as well. We desire your support on these matters concerning our heritage and our rights as Native peoples and Ameri­can citizens.

seA NEWSLETTER 24 (1) 12 JANUARY 1990

A Report On The Goals Of The California

Archaeological Inventory Information Center

System by Christian Gerike

Northwest Information Center

At the Third Annual California Archaeological Inven­tory Infonnation Center Workshop. held at the Marin Headlands in June of 1988. representatives from the Office of Historic PreselVation and the Information Centers established a set of goals for the Information Center System. These goals are based upon the Na­tional Historic PreselVation Act and the California Public Resources Code which provide the State of California Office of Historic PreselVation with the au­thor�ty to establish procedures for the collection. storage. and dissemination of cultural resource data. For archaeological properties. these mandates have been carried out by the Information Centers of the California Archaeological Inventory. and the Office of HistoriC PreselVatlon (OHP) depends upon the Infor­mation Centers to fulfUl the following tasks:

1) Fac1litate comprehensive archaeolOgical sUlVeys: 2) Maintain a comprehensive archaeologicalinven­

tory: 3) Organize the data to be compatible with the OHP

computers: and 4) Assist local agencies to comply with state and

federal heritage legislation.

The Office of HistOriC PreselVation recognizes that ac­complishing these tasks requires dependable finan­cial support in order to have stability with a consis­tent level of selVice. The tasks that OHP desires of the Information Centers must be specific. quantifia­ble, and operational with the resources that the Cen­ters have or can be given by OHP.

By ma1nta.1n1ng archaeological information. the Infor­mation Centers assist in the protection of heritage resources. as well as:

1) FulfUl the reqUirements of the Center's host institutions (i.e.• the museums. colleges. and universities at which the Centers are housed):

2) Meet objectives of cultural resources manage­ment and historic preselVation:

3) Address needs specific to the region that the center selVes: and

4) Meet the Centers self-established goals.

The follOwing goals have been established by the In­formation Centers for a regional heritage resource

seA NEWSLEITER 24 (1)

information system:

1) Archive Information a. Site records (prehistoric and historic

archaeological sites. and historic structures) with assignment of State of California trinomials

b. Reports c. Basemaps

2) Disseminate Information a. Record searches

- for planning. engineering. environmental and planning agencies and firms

- in-house use by cultural resource managers and historic preselVationists

b. Project reviews (planning department applications)

c. Special programs such as TImber HalVest Plans (by CDF)

d. In-house use for scholarly research

3) Establish Financial Stability a. BUSiness management b. Marketing c. Fund raising

4) Actively Conduct Outreach a. Interact with planning departments to

develop processes for cultural resource protection

b. Improve relations with host institutions c. General Education

- workshops for professionals. including workshops that wUl provide regional and varied discipline research goals

- workshops for those who need to deal with cultural resources but are not cultural resource managers

- providing assistance and information to the general public

5) Provide a Uniform Level of SelVice a. Standardize Information Center data bases b. Adequate space. personnel. and equipment c. Address user and client needs d. CRM law library e. Maintain miscellaneous indexes to prehis­

toric. historic. cultural resource manage­ment. historic preselVation. and environ­mental information.

The cultural resources. historic preservation. plan­ning. and development communities require detaUed heritage infonnation. To adequately selVe their needs the role and scope of the Centers must be ex­panded. This expansion would also provide the ser- .

. vices that are needed to protect cultural and heritage resources.

13 JANUARY 1990

Successful Northern Data Sharing Meeting

by Greg Greenway, Northem Vice-President

erence. The age should be reported as uncorrected. Any pertinent notes can be included in the main list­ing In coded form. A seperate section permits addi­tional comments. California Radiocarbon Dates at­tempts to present in one convenient reference work a listing of all CalifOrnia archaeolOgical radiocarbon dates. along with their references. some critical com­ments. and county-by-county summaries.

More than 120 people attended the November 4th data sharing meeting in Chico to listen to 20 presen­tations covering both prehistoric and historic archae­ology. A wide range of topics was discussed, from the description of an impressive collection dating to the San Francisco fire of 1851 to a discussion of sampling strategies and interpretation' of obSidian hydration data. Several presenters also discussed recent research and prov1ded information and in­sights about methods, artifact distributions, chronol­ogy. and specialized studies. The meeting was very successful and culminated with a social gathering at Makoto Kowta's residence where additional discus­sion was prompted by good food and drink. For a list of presenters and their topics, contact Greg Greenway at (916) 934-3316.

~ CEQA Guide Available]

The California Preservation Foundation has pub­lished A Preservationist's Guide to the California En­viTorunental Qu.al1ty Act, by Jack Rubens and Bill Delvac. The authors have established an impressive record of success in making sure public agencies "do the right thing" with historic properties in the CEQA process. The guide Is a step-by-step tour of CEQA requirements, useful case law. and appropriate strat­egies you might use in your community. It Is up-to­date. easy to understand. and modestly priced at $14.00 including handling. (See the address for CPF in the SCA Calendar.)

Radiocarbon Data Needed iby Gary s. Breschlnl and Trudy Haversat

Coyote Press is seeking additional data for the sixth edition of California Radiocarbon Dates. to be pub­lished in March 1990. We now have in excess of 2.900 dates in the computer and we have added 223 dates since the last edition. However. this repre­sents only a small percentage of the dates which are being run [for example. we have received almost no dates from San Diego County). If you have run any dates in the last year or two. please send them to us at P. O. Box 3377. Salinas. CA 93912.

For each date we need site trinomial. age. range. la­boratory number. material. provenience, the name of the archaeologist who submitted the date. and a ref-

Santa Barbara Channel Carbon Dating Funds

by Jon Erlandson

The University of California. Santa Barbara. and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, working with local Chumash Indian groups. recently created cooperative Carbon 14 (CI4) dating funds to estab­lish the antiquity of significant archaeological sites of the greater Santa Barbara Channel area. The funds were created in response to the urgent need to salvage information from archaeological sites endan­gered by coastal erosion. looting. and other destruc­tive processes that threaten resources of paramount importance to California's heritage.

The funds are comprised of private contributions (that may be tax-deductible) and grant mOnies. They are being administered by Jon ErJandson, chair of a committee that includes John Johnson of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. and Michael Glassow ofUCSB. The C14 Committee is working with various California archaeologists and Native Americans to ratse funds and develop a list of priori­ties for archaeological sites to be dated.

In selecting sites to be dated. several key factors will be evaluated. Including: 1) the potential value of each site to resolve important issues in Santa Barba­ra Channel prehistory: 2) the existence of valuable museum collections that currently are undated or underutil1zed: and 3) the severity of erosion or other destructive processes that threaten a site. Major contributions may be earmarked by the donor for the dating of specific museum collections or archae­ological sites.

Contributions to the Santa Barbara Channel Carbon Dating Funds may be sent to the "C14 Fund". De­partment of Anthropology at either the University of CalifOrnia, Santa Barbara. CA 93106: the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. 2559 Puesta Del Sol Road. Santa Barbara, CA 93105; or the Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation. 1826 Stan­wood Drive. Santa Barbara. CA 93103. Checks sent to UCSB should be made out to the UC Regents. Donors will receive written confirmation of their do­nation. including the results of recent C 14 samples ,analyzed.

seA NEWSLETTER 24 (1) 14 JANUARY 1990

Stanford Responds to Riddell by Barb Bocek,

University Archaeologist

Dear Editor:

I would like to comment on Francis Riddell's letter to

SCA To Join Appeal To The Supreme Court by Sonia 'Tamez

(Continued from page 6)

is well known The plaintiffs maintain that if the resi­dents had known of the abandonment, they would have responded.

Phillip Walker. reprinted in the September issue of the Newsletter. Riddell seems unable to believe that Indians. archaeologists. and University representa­tives can negotiate rational agreements about reburi­al of human skeletal collections. Riddell "can only assume" the worst: that Stanford University and Ohlone descendants must be involved in real estate or construction "sweetheart deals." In fact. the Stan­ford decision demonstrated the best of both worlds. The University agreed that final decisions about re­bUrial should be made by the culturally related Indi­an community. The Ohlones agreed to postpone their decisions until the research potential of Stan­ford's collections could be systematically evaluated. There was no pressure and no "politics": there was not even any publiCity until after our decision was made.

SCA members who received the October 1986 News­letter may remember the front-page article reporting Stanford's creation of a 12-acre archaeolOgical pre­serve to protect a group of four village sites on San Francisquito Creek. I have additional good news to share with SeA. In May 1988. Stanford adopted pol­1cies protecting all 55 archaeolog1cal sites on Univer­sity lands. Thus, I'm not sure what "deals" Riddell had in mind. Perhaps he believes that Stanford's de­cision regarding rebUrial reflects a lack of institution­al support for archaeology in general: obviously, such is not the case. I am proud to work for an in­stitution that supports and respects both archaeo­lOgical and Native American interests.

SCA members have expressed a wide range of Opin­ions about reburial and repatriation. A well­reasoned discussion would have been a welcome ad­dition to the current debate on this important issue. Instead, Riddell devoted the majOrity of his letter to inflammato:ry language and unfounded accusation. However, I believe in giving my colleagues the benefit of the doubt. I do not think Riddell intended his let­ter to attack anyone at Stanford or in the Indian community: he simply succumbed to what he de­scribes as an "emotionally charged" situation. Rid­dell did mention that he would "apologize in ad­vance" if he was mistaken about the motives of Stanford and of the Ohlones. Fritz, your apology is hereby accepted.

The plaintiffs filed an appeal on the ICC's decision. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San FranciSCo ruled that the ICC's notice was binding and. further­more. that the court could not review the case be­cause the plaintiffs had not contested the abandon­ment within the required 60 days after the deCision.

The plaintiffs will be pursuing the case to the Su­preme Court. They have engaged the service of an attorney who will contribute his services, but ex­penses remain. The Executive Board decided that SCA wUl donate $100 to defray costs aSSOCiated with an amicus brief because of its importance.

This case could be the first National HistOric Preser­vation Act case to be heard before the Supreme Court if the Court chooses to accept it and rule on the Act's issues. It is critical that the court and oth­ers recognize that local and national professional or­ganizations such as SCA are concerned about histor­ic preservation. SeA needs to be at the forefront when heritage resources are threatened and the reg­ulato:ry processes put in place to promote their pro­tection are challenged.

The SCA welcomes articles and lette1'8 from the reade1'8. The wrlte1'8 name. address. and daytime phone number must be Included. Contributions may be edited for c1arlty and length. and do not necessarily reflect the pOSition or opinion of the Society.

- - I11III\-.-.... - ~ -'1II1II-,.. - - " I t'Oslt1ons A Val aOle ,

I Archaeological Services is seeking archaeological, , technicians for the 1990 work season: 4/15 to 10/

15. Applicants must have a BA degree in anthro-' , pology and at least on year of field experience or 51

years of field experience. Experience in excavat­ing human remains and working with Native,

I Americans is necessary. Salary is highly competi­' tive. Interested individuals should send resume and I I recommendations by 3/15/90: Archaeological Ser-,

vices. 1308 West I Robinhood Drive. Suite 4B, Stockton, CA 95207

, Paid for by Archeological Services. ,

'- - - - - - - - - - --, SCA NEWSLETIER 24 (1) 15 JANUARY 1990

I

1 I

Society for California Archaeology Department of Anthropology California State University Fullerton, CA 92634

Non-Profit Organization U. S. Postage Paid Sacramento. CA Permit No. 495

Address Correction Requested

Volume 24, Number 1

'1 I

)

SCA Calendar of Upcoming Events o January 10-14, Society for Historical Archaeol­

ogy Conference. Tucson Convention Center, Tuc­son, AZ. Contact George Teague. Conference Chair (602) 629-6477.

o January 12, Native American Heritage Commis­sion (NAHC) meeting in Oxnard.

o January 25, SCA By-LaWS election ballots due to Secretary Barb Bocek.

o January 27, SCA Executive Board meeting in Richmond.

o February I, deadline for submitting SCA paper abstracts to Kent Lightfoot.

o February 2. State HistOrical Resources Commis­sion (SHRC) meeting in Sacramento.

o March 7-10. National Council on Public HistOIY and the Southwest Oral History AsSOCiation Annual Meeting. San Diego. Contact Mumey Gerlach. History Department. University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 or phone (619) 260­4600.

o March 16, NAHC meeting in Sacramento.

n March 21, deadline for Annual Meeting preregis­tration and hotel reservations at discount rates.

o ApI11 4, SCA Executive Board meeting 7PM, Fos­ter City.

o April 4-7. Society for Callfomia Archaeol ogy Annual Meeting. Foster City (by the San Francisco Airport)

o ApI1118-22, SOCiety for AmeI1can Archaeol­ogy Annual Meeting, Riviera Hotel, Las vegas, NV. Contact James A .. Moore, Dept. of Anthro­pology, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd .. Flushing, NY 11367.

o ApriI26-29. Annual State Preservation Conference. San FrancisCo. Contact Califom1a Preservation Foundation, 1615 Broadway, Suite 705. Oakland. CA 94612 or phone (415) 763­0972. Co-sponsored by SCA.

o ApI1127-28, NAHCmeeting in San Diego.

. 0 June 1, SHRC meeting in Sacramento.

o June 15, NAHC meeting in Sacramento.