Socialists Issue Election PlatformFight Against War, Poverty,Jim Crow Stressed by SWP

B y M. L. S tafford

NEW YO RK, Ju ly 5 — The Socialist W orkers party today published the te x t of the p la tfo rm upon w h ich its nationa l candidates — F a rre ll Dobbs fo r president and M yra Tanner Weiss fo r vice- president — w il l run in the 196C elections.

Three key issues dominate the 1960 campaign, its opening para­graph states: “ (1) How can the w o rld bo free from the threat o f nuclear destruction? (2) How can hunger and poverty be w iped out? (3) How can demo­cracy and equa lity be won and m aintained?”

The p la tfo rm notes tha t A m ­erica is feared and hated by many peoples today because they believe i t is chiefly respon­sib le fo r the fr igh ten ing d r ift tow ard a th ird w o rld war. It proposes, among other meas­ures, to tu rn the arms budget in to a peace budget fo r homes, schools, hospitals, medical re ­search, nurseries, playgrounds, highways, transporta tion and pub lic parks.

For Planned Economy

The efforts to achieve eco­nom ic security requ ire the l ib ­eration o f Am erica ’s economy from its contro l by self-seeking corporations and money -mad monopolists bent on blocking w o rld progress fo r the sake of p riva te profit. The economic successes of the Soviet Union show the vast possibilities in ­herent in a planned economy even in backward countries. A planned economy in such an

S WP Candidate

M YR A TAN NER WEISS, Socialist Workers party can­didate for vice-president.

advanced country as the U nited States, “ w ith our sk illed labor, our rich resources, tremendous industria l p l a n t and h igh ly developed science, could qu ick ­ly end poverty on th is con­tinen t,” asserts the p la tform , “ and assure everyone a life of abundance, oppo rtun ity and deeply satis fy ing achievem ent.”

References to police regimes in other lands cannot conceal the fact th a t the state o f demo­cracy in these U nited States today “ presents a sorry spec­tacle,” says the SWP. “ F o rty - three years a fte r entering the firs t global conflic t to ‘Make the W orld Safe fo r Democracy,’ Am erica has yet to make its lunch counters safe fo r Negroes in the South.” The p la tfo rm contains over a score of p ro ­posals to restore and expand

Text of SWP Platform

On Page 2

c iv il liberties, defend labor’s rights, and protect the positions of m in o rity groups.

The SWP calls fo r an end to the Democratic-Republican m onopoly of po litics and the organization o f an independent labor party.

Upon release of the p la tform , F a rre ll Dobbs, SWP presiden­tia l candidate, said: “ The Demo­cra tic po litic ians in Los Angeles are hoping to hoist th e ir choice in to the W hite House by fa b r i­cating a p la tfo rm w h ich w il l be a ll th ings to a ll voters. The SWP does not in tend to please equally the corporations and th e ir workers, the upholders of J im C row and its opponents,, the m ilita r is ts and the masses who yearn fo r peace. We stand squarely w ith the w o rk ing peo­ple in th e ir struggles fo r a bet­te r life , w ith the Negroes in th e ir fig h t fo r equa lity , and against the cap ita lis t w arm ak- ers. We ask every voter to con­sider the genuine a lte rna tive w hich we socialists o ffe r to the bipartisan policies of the big- busincss parties.”

Reply to a Redbaiter W ho Attacked SWP

By Art Sharon

(The fo llow ing is the te x t of a radio broadcast given in San Francisco on June 10. A r t Sharon is Chairm an, Bay Area Socialist W orkers party.)

Good evening. We asked K P F A to make th is tim e ava il­able to us in order tha t we m igh t answer a serious m is­representation in Professor Sey­m our L ipse tt’s broadcast com­m entary of Thursday evening, M ay 26. H is ta lk tha t n igh t, you may recall, dealt w ith student demonstrations at the San F ran ­cisco C ity H a ll du ring the ap­pearance of the House U n -A m er­ican A c tiv it ie s Com m ittee tw o weeks earlie r. The substance of his rem arks on the Socialist W orkers party have been picked up, repeated and am plified, ap­pearing even in the local press. O rd in a rily we w ould ignore th is fo r we have long been the ob­jec t of a ttack from many d irec­tions. In tim e these usually tu rn against th e ir makers. However, those of L ipse tt ca rry some w e igh t since they come from a professor o f sociology a t the U n ive rs ity of C a lifo rn ia who stepped out of his classroom in to the street to become an observer —presum ably objective in his judgment, and competent to sep­arate fact from fiction — and a person one w ould not expect to be influenced by some petty fac­tiona l pique.

In his ta lk , Professor Lipsett said, and here I quote from the transcrip t taken from the tape recording of his commentary, “ I w ould like to ta lk about the [U n-Am erican A c tiv it ie s ] Com­m ittee itse lf, about the people who oppose the comm ittee and about the people who make the com m ittee possible. F irs t, in terms of the people who oppose the committee. The House Un- Am erican A c tiv itie s Committee purports to be a com m ittee tha t is figh ting communism, w h ich is seeking to expose the comm un­ist menace in the U nited States.

“ Now I was down around the C ity H a ll 011 Saturday, the day a fte r the riots. I was down there, le t’s say at the in v ita tio n o f a num ber of the students who

were tak ing pa rt in th is p icket line, who were he lp ing to o r­ganize th is p icket line, who were p icke t captains. I m igh t add tha t th is was one o f the most d is­c ip lined, w e ll organized picket lines tha t I have ever seen, and these students asked me and some o t h e r members of the facu lty to attend the p icke t line fo r a num ber of reasons.

“ They wanted some facu lty support around the p icke t line, but more im portan t than th a t— they were a fra id Of tw o things. They were a fra id there m igh t be troub le w ith the police as there had been on F riday, and if such troub le occurred they w an t­ed to have fa cu lty witnesses who could tes tify as to w hat happen­ed.

"Troublemakers"

“ But they were also afra id tha t the communists w ould make trouble — tw o groups o f com­munists. The T ro tsky is t com­munists, the Socialist W orkers party , and the pro-Russian com­munists, who sometimes go u n ­der the name of th e c om m unist pa rty and sometimes go under other names in terms of fro n t groups and organizations w hich they control.

“ Now i t ’s in teresting t o note and to repeat tha t one of the things tha t w orried the people who organized the picket line's were that the communists were going to make trouble. They fe lt tha t the communists, both T ro t­sky is t and pro-Russian com m un­ists a like, liked w hat happened F riday although they had noth­ing to do w ith the events tha t occurred. T ha t they w ou ldn ’t m ind seeing troub le on Saturday and they wanted to make sure tha t these people were kep t in line.

“ A t the picket line on S atu r­day one of the m ajor anxieties of the p icke t captains was tha t the communists, of the T ro tsky ­ist or pro-Russian varie ty , w ould create trouble, w ould use p ro ­vocative slogans irre levan t to the figh t fo r c iv il liberties, w ould

(Continued on Page 4 )

THE MILITANTPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Vol. X X IV — No. 28 222 NEW YORK, N.Y., MONDAY, JULY 11 & 18, 1960 Price 10c

Let's Hear Cuba's Side!An Editorial

Wall Street has organized a lynching bee against the Cuban people.

The lynch mob includes the State Department, the White House, every Democrat and Republican in Congress, and the gangsters now here who ruled Cuba with machine guns under dictator Batista.

' These representatives of "free enterprise" seek to pit America's mighty economic power against tiny Cuba, a country of less than seven million inhabitants. If this fails to smash the Castro government, they envision more desperate means, like the invasion under State De­partment auspices that overthrew the lawfully elected government of Guatemala in 1954, or a Korean type "police action."

The capitalist press, radio and TV are howling for blood. They have conspired to drown out the voices of their intended victims, every appeal to reason, every cry for justice or for help. By scream­ing "communism!" they aim to whip prejudice to a fever pitch.

The declaration of economic war on Cuba was taken on Herter's say so; without any public debate or hearing.

The dictatorial move will arouse fresh hatred and contempt for America throughout the world. In Latin America, the United States will sink to a new low as an evil, grasping power, contemptuous of democratic rights, ruthlessly opposed to independence and a better life for poverty-stricken peoples, callous to the suffering it inflicts at the decree of the oil and sugar monarchs.

We think that every American interested in fa ir play, every American who believes in democracy and the equality of nations, will shout at Washington:

STOP THE ECONOMIC WAR! LET'S HEAR CUBA'S SIDE !

Dobbs-Weiss Group Hits False Arrests

NEW YO R K, J u ly 5 — The Dobbs-Weiss Campaign C om m it­tee protested today against po­lice harassment of three of its members.

Robert F ra n k lin , John C la r­ence F ra n k lin and Cornelius Suares Jr., campaigners fo r the Socialist W orkers presidentia l slate, were arrested June 21 afte r a street ra lly and booked on trum ped-up charges of “ d is­o rderly conduct.”

They face Trial Aug. 9 and w ill be defended by Conrad Lynn, noted civil rights attor­ney.The com m ittee’s protest was

made in a le tte r to Police Com­missioner Stephen P. Kennedy by M u rray Zuckoff, chairman. The te x t fo llows.

“ We w ish to lodge a form al protest against police harass­ment of members of the Dobbs- Weiss C a m p a i g n Committee w hich is supporting the candi­dacies of Fa rre ll Dobbs fo r presi­dent and M yra Tanner Weiss fo r vice-president on the ticke t of the Socialist W orkers party.

“ We re fe r specifically to the arrest on trum ped up charges of

conduct’ o f three comm ittee fo l­

low ing a street meeting on the evening of June 21 at S ixth A ve ­nue and E igh th Street in M an­hattan.

“ This incident occurred a fte r one of the persons involved was threatened by a police officer im m ediate ly fo llow ing ad journ ­ment of the meeting organized as a po litica l ra lly by the Dobbs- Weiss Campaign Committee.

“ The arrests occurred a few blocks from the scene of the street meeting la te r the same evening. Two of the persons arrested were on the lis t of speakers at the meeting. B o th were manhandled by the arrest­ing officers.

“ The Dobbs-Weiss Campaign

Committee has retained counsel and intends to seek a remedy in the courts fo r w ha t we consider an outrageous v io la tion of the elem entary c iv il libe rties of per­sons pursuing th e ir r ig h t to en­gage in electoral action during the period of the presidentia l campaign.

“ Wc bring th is m a tte r to your a ttention in the hope tha t you w il l use the a u th o rity of your office to see that there is no repetition of threats, in tim id a ­tion or harassment by officers under you r command against members and supporters of the Dobbs-Weiss Campaign C om m it­tee.”

‘d isorderly members of our

Notice to Our ReadersIn line w ith the grow ing

summ er custom of radical and libe ra l weeklies in th is coun­try , the M ilita n t w il l be pub­lished in double-dated is­sues every other week during Ju ly and August.

O ur next issue w il l be dated Ju ly 25 and Aug. 1. Subse­quent double issues during the summer w il l appear thereafter on alternate weeks.

The regular schedule w ill be resumed a fte r Labor Day.

A ll subscriptions w il l be ex­tended to insure that one-year subscribers receive 52 issues and six-m onth subscribers re ­ceive 26 issues.

This readjustm ent of our pub lish ing dates w il l enable the ha rd -w ork ing M ilita n t staff to take vacations along w ith our readers and re tu rn refreshed fo r the, most ener­getic and effective partic ipa ­tion of the paper when the presidentia l campaign gets in to fu ll sw ing th is fa ll.

1,500 N.Y. Bus Drivers Strike Over Street Plan

By Lillian KiezelF ifteen hundred New Y o rk | drivers protested the threatened

loss of sen iority , w hich entitles the drivers to be tte r runs, days off and holidays. In addition, because of separate union con­tracts w ith the three F ifth A ve ­nue Coach companies, trans­ferred drive rs w il l lake a cu t in pay. Omnibus drive rs receive $2.47 1/2 cents an hour, w h ile $2.40 is the top scale at Surface Transit. Furtherm ore, cutbacks in other benefits w il l result in a 25-cent hourly loss to transferred drivers.

Most o f the 77 men have low sen iority ratings, bu t i f the “ one­w ay” street plan is continued, there is a strong possib ility tha t the O m nibu s D ivision w il l be absorbed by F if th Avenue Coach and Surface T ransporta­tion. This w il l revoke the sen-

(Continued on Page 3)

bus drive rs fought the New Y ork T rans it A u th o rity , the F if th Avenue Coach lines and the ir own T ransport W orkers Union offic ia ls fo r fou r days before be­ing forced to re tu rn to w ork.

The w a lkout, labeled an “ un- a u t h o r i z e d , illega l, w ildca t s tr ike ” by TW U president. M ich ­ael J. Q u ill, was triggered by the T ransit A u th o r ity ’s move to con­vert 3rd and Lexington Avenues in to one-way streets next month. As a result, 77 drivers are sched­uled to be transferred from the Omnibus D ivis ion line to the Surface Transportation l i n e , both F if th Avenue Coach sub­sidiaries.

Led by Peter G. J. B lum c- nauer. Section 401 chairm an in TW U Local 100, and by other rank-and-file spokesmen, the

Hallinans Speak For Socialism At Weiss Rally

SAN FRANCISCO — M oun t­ing w o rld opposition to U.S. co ld -w ar moves was hailed by M yra Tanner Weiss, Socialist W orkers candidate fo r vice- president, at a ra lly at the Long­shoremen’s H a ll here June 24.

The ra lly was chaired by V in ­cent H a llinan , 1952 Progressive party banner-bearer and noted c iv il libe rties and labor attorney, who is supporting the Socialist W orkers ticket.

His son, “ K ayo” H a llinan, a U n ive rs ity of C a lifo rn ia student and independent socialist, in tro ­duced Mrs. Weiss.

P oin ting to young people’s awareness of social problems, he suggested they listen to the So­c ia lis t W o r k e r s campaigner, “ sym pathetica lly and c rit ic a lly .”

Mrs. Weiss spoke on the role students have played in m ajor po litica l struggles in many countries during recent months, pa rticu la rly in Japan where they spearheaded the figh t against the reactionary U.S.-Japanese m ili ­ta ry treaty.

A lthough the school term had ended, the audience included many students.

State Dept. Opens Economic W ar On Cuban PeopleThree Urge Aid for SWP Ballot Drive

NEW YO R K — Three leading independent socialists have is­sued an appeal to other inde­pendents urg ing them to help the Socialist W orkers p a rty presi­dentia l ticke t w in a place on the ba llo t in th e ir respective states.

The three are E lin o r Ferry, M u rie l M cAvoy and W illia m A. Price. In a le tte r mailed na tion ­w ide, they asked those w illin g to circu la te nom inating petitions, serve as electors or contribute funds to w rite to them care of P.O. Box 170, V illage Station, New Y o rk 14, N.Y.

Active in '58 Drive

W illia m Price was campaign coordinator fo r the U nited In ­dependent. - Socialist Campaign Committee w hich sponsored the 1958 united socialist ticke t in New Y ork . M u rie l M cAvoy d i­rected the com m ittee’s nom inat­ing pe tition d rive and E lino r Ferry was in charge of its fu n d ­ra ising ac tiv ity .

The te x t of th e ir le tte r fo l­lows:

“ I t is the proud boast of our democracy tha t a freedom of choice is guaranteed in our na­tiona l elections. We believe this has degenerated in to po litica l fic tion, and are deeply concerned tha t socialist voices of dissent a re v ir tu a lly barred from our national elections.

“ The undersigned therefore ask you r help in w inn ing ballot status in you r state th is year fo r F a rre ll Dobbs and M yra Tanner Weiss, the presidentia l nominees of the Socialist W orkers party. I f you are w illin g to be a presi­dentia l elector, to circu la te a petition , or to offer help in some other manner inc lud ing g iv ing funds, please w rite to us care P.O. Box 170, V illage Station, New Y ork 14, N.Y.

“ As c iv il libe rta rians , and as una ffilia ted socialists, we are in favo r of independent po litica l action in 1960 to pe rm it as large a protest vote as possible to be registered against the bipartisan cold w a r policy, the sellout of c iv il righ ts and the attacks on organized labor.”

Oil Corporations Behind Racist Gasoline Boycott

By Arthur JordanAm erica ’s o il corporations are

standing passively by w h ile Negro farm ers are forb idden to buy a single drop of gasoline.W ith th e ir national officers piously protesting tha t “ we never d iscrim inate,” local G u lf,Esso, Amoco and Texaco dis­tr ib u to rs are refusing to sell to any Negro consumers in Fay­ette and Haywood counties,Tennessee.

The boycott is pa rt o f a cold­blooded conspiracy to squeeze the lifeblood from Negro c it i ­zens o f the tw o counties and to d rive at least the more m ilita n t ones from the ir homes by fa ll election time.

Outnumbered several times over by Negroes determ ined to exercise th e ir vo ting rights, landlords, bankers and m er­chants, acting through a W hite C itizens Council, have fired workers, evicted tenants, fore­closed mortgages, stopped cred­it, seized farm m achinery and refused to serve or sell any­th ing — even the barest neces­sities — to Negro consumers.

When threats and reprisals fa iled to prevent several h u n ­dred Negroes from registering w ith election boards th is spring,I he Citizens Council posted a lis t o f registrants at a ll w h ite places o f business. A t firs t the registrants, then the ir /re latives and friends, were pu t under an a ll-inc lus ive boycott; la te ly the ban has blanketed v ir tu a lly the entire Negro population.

Fighting Back

But the Negroes are fighting

back. Organized under m ilita n t leadership, they have pooled the ir resources, trave ling up to a hundred miles fo r needed sup­plies.

They are o p e n i n g an NAACP branch. They have posted a letter to the Fayette County Board of Education d e m a n d i n g desegregated schools. And in an election June 24 many of the new registrants voted "no" to a proposed Fayette bond issue to subsidize a bicycle factory which would employ white only.

A prim e target fo r w h ite re ­tr ib u tio n (reported ly inc lud ing a $2.000 rew ard fo r k ill in g h im ) is 35-year-old John McFerren of Som erville, president o f the Fayette C ounty C iv ic and W el­fare League.

Last January, M r. McFerren testified at the Vo lun teer C iv il R ights Commission hearing in Washington. D.C. On March 2 he led League members over icy roads to the reg istra tion booths. When the boycott was launched sho rtly a fte rw ard , he had the League send a w ire asking President Eisenhower to declare Fayette and Haywood a disaster area and send in re lie f. Eisen­how er never replied.

When the G u lf O il Co. d is­tr ib u to r ripped out the gas tanks from the combined gro- cery-gas station his b ro ther had operated fo r ten years, M cFer­ren took over the business and laboriously dug in his own tanks. B u t when he sought to

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9 4 % in Rural Areas Favor Castro Govt.

The cap ita lis t press is head­lin in g some in d iv id u a l defec­tions in Cuba such as have occurred each tim e the gov­ernm ent has taken vigorous defense measures a g a i n s t pressure from W all S treet and its Stale Departm ent.

B u t an au tho rita tive na tion ­w ide poll published by the independent magazine Bo­hemia June 26 offers fresh verifica tion of the popu la rity of the Castro government.

Support in ru ra l areas is 94%; in urban, 84%; and in Havana 81%. Since a survey a year ago, Bohemia noted an overall decrease of 2% in the governm ent’s popu la rity . This decrease, w h ich “ stems from the m i d d l e and upper classes,” has been “ offset by an increase among the w o rk ­ing class” and by a “ s ligh t increase in the in te n s ity ” of support.

Oil, Sugar Interests Seek Overthrow of Castro Govt.

By Alex Harte

The Eisenhower adm in is tra tion , so lid ly backed by a b ipartisan Congress and prom pted by domestic sugar- growers, the g ian t o il trusts and o ther segments of B ig Business, th is week openly declared economic w a r upon Cuba by banning fu rth e r im ports of sugar from tha t country.

In re tu rn P rem ier Castro’s cabinet passed a law g iv ing the president and prim e m in is te r the rig h t to nationalize property belonging to U.S. citizens if tha t is necessary fo r the coun­t r y ’s protection.

The preamble to the Cuban law reads: “ Whereas the a ttitude assumed by the governm ent and leg is la tive powers of the U nited States o f Am erica is one of con­stant aggression, w ith po litica l aims against the fundam ental in ­terest of the Cuban economy, em phatica lly evidenced by the recent amendment accorded by the Congress of said na tion ’s Cuban sugar law . . . the revo lu ­tiona ry governm ent is obliged to adopt a ll means deemed necessary fo r the defense of our national sovereignty and the free economic developm ent of our coun try .”

Secretary H e r t e r halted sugar imports from Cuba as a punitive measure against the Cuban government for seiz­ing the oil refineries owned by Texaco and Esso. This move is designed to lighten the economic blockade of the island and force the revolu­tionary regim e to its knees by cutting off its main source of foreign exchange.The atmosphere around Wash­

ington’s campaign against the Cuban revo lu tion is heavily saturated w ith the stench of oil .imperialism. The State D epart­ment has been operating in close collusion w ith the big o il com­panies there to pu t the squeeze on Cuba and force the regime to accede to its dictates. B u t they have met an adversary in the Cuban governm ent and its peo­ple w hich is not easily f r ig h t­ened and is prepared to defend its national economic welfare against a ll threats and coercion of “ do lla r d ip lom acy.”

A fte r concluding an economic agreement w ith th e Soviet Union the Cuban authorities asked the oil companies to process th, crude o il bought from there. Th<U.S., Dutch and British-owned companies ganged up and re fused to do so, disregarding 1938 Cuban law re q u irin g then to refine a ll o il a t government request.

When the Cubans demanded an end to th is sabotage, Esso and Shell discontinued a ll new im ­ports of crude oil. The o il mag­nates put pressure upon fore ign shipowners to refuse leasing the ir tankers to ca rry o il from the B lack Sea to Cuba. They have refused c red it to Cubana A irlines which prevented its planes from re fue ling at fore ign airports.

Cuba was left with no re-

course but to take over the re­fineries and operate them. Ac- cording to oil experts, their men are competent to do so.

U.S. offic ia ls and the o il mono­polies are try in g to clamp an in te rnationa l o il boycott around Cuba w h ile the press h yp o c rit­ica lly condemns Castro fo r turner ing to the Soviet U nion fo r o il and thus s id ing w ith “ Com­munism” in the cold war. The Am erican ambassador is re ­ported to have intervened when Cuban representatives inqu ired about ob ta in ing supplies of o il from M exico w h ich nationalized ts o il indus try in the th irties . I t is considered almost certa in ,”

says the Ju ly 3, New Y ork Times, “ tha t the U nited States s prepared to go to unusual lengths to discourage the sale of Mexican crude o il fo r re fin ing n the Am erican and B ritish - owned plants seized by the F ide l Castro regim e.”

Cuba is the w o rld ’s largest sugar producer and supplies one- h ird o f the 9,400,000 tons con- sumed in the U.S. The suspen­sion o f im ports is a kn ife -th rus t in to the v ita ls o f its economy.

A lthough the sugar quota and ta r if f is depicted as a bounty given to Cuba by a generous Uncle Sam, in rea lity , as the June 25 New Y ork Times points out, the quotas “ exist to protect the domestic producers, not to help Cuba.” The im m ediate v ic ­tim of the governm ent’s action is the Am erican housewife who w il l pay more fo r sugar at the superm arket.(See other articles, Pages 2 & 3)

Canadian Officials Jittery About U.S. Spy Flights

The U-2 spy plane incident and the Soviet w arn ing tha t it w il l s trike at fore ign bases used by the U.S. fo r such fligh ts has prom pted the Canadian govern­ment to order com pilation of a “ top secret” report on the ex­tent of U.S. espionage being car­ried on from Canadian bases.

Canadian authorities have a l­ways taken it fo r granted that the U.S. bases are used fo r a va rie ty of in te lligence p u r­poses concerning the Soviet U n ­ion, but up to now they have preferred to look the other way, an O ttawa dispatch by the N orth Am erican Newspaper A lliance explains.

“ We used to th in k th a t w ha t we d idn ’t know w ou ldn ’t hu rt us,” one member of parliam ent said. “ Now we are a fra id it could h u rt us anyway, so we have to have a be tter idea of w ha t is going on and more con­

tro l o ve r i t . ”

A pa rticu la r source of concern to the Canadian governm ent is the D E V (D istan t E a rly W arn­ing) radar insta lla tions and a ir­fields, N om ina lly the bases are under joint, control. In practice Canada has no voice in th e ir op­eration.

“ N e ithe r the Canadian govern­ment or its in te lligence chiefs know w hat goes on at D E W -line a irfie lds,” the dispatch says. “ D E W -line equipm ent includes many o ther th ings besides the components of a protective radar fence. It now includes devices fo r very long-range electronic peeking in to the Soviet U nion and fo r m on ito ring Russian m is­sile and atom ic experim ents.”

O ttawa is now also ge tting a b it nervous because Canadian p ilots have taken U.S. m ilita ry planes on secret fligh ts and may have penetrated Soviet airspace.

Page Two Monday, July 11 & 18, 1980

----------- The Truth About Cuba .....

A "Ripe Fruit"

For the Kremlin?— -........ By Joseph Hansen ...................... .

Tenth in a series of articles.

A t a pub lic m eeting sponsored by the F a ir P lay fo r Cuba Com m ittee in New Y ork A p r il 24, W aldo F rank, the w e ll-know n libe ra l who heads the committee, warned tha t Cuba could meet w ith a trag ic fate like tha t of the Spanish Republic. A counter-revo lu tionary movement such as the one headed by Franco m igh t gain headway under foreign insp ira tion and succeed in topp ling the new government. A na lyz ing the dow n fa ll of the elected Spanish governm ent at the hands of the fascists, F rank recalled tha t the help received by the republican governm ent from the Soviet Union was delayed and grudging. A rm s were shipped only in re tu rn fo r gold, and onerous po litica l strings were attached.

W aldo F ra n k ’s main po in t was to defend Cuba’s r ig h t as a sovereign nation to deal w ith o ther powers as i t sees f it despite any dangers, real or alleged. He scored the economic and po litica l pressure placed on Cuba by the State' D epartm ent and Am erican monopoly interests and demonstrated how hypocritica l i t was of these forces t c denounce the Cuban governm ent fo r tu rn in g fo r help in. the Soviet d irection.

Every fa ir-m inded person m ust ce rta in ly agree that the Castro governm ent not on ly had the r ig h t but the du ty to seek aid from other, countries in face of Wall S treet’s evident aim of s trang ling the Cuban revo lu tion Everyone who re a lly believes in democracy, in equality among nations and the efforts of oppressed colonial people: to achieve independence w il l support the new government in the courageous way i t has asserted Cuba’s sovereignty

Parallel with SpainHowever, W aldo F rank is qu ite r ig h t in ind ica ting that

daggers are involved. The para lle l w ith Spanish experi­ence is pertinent. B u t i f the causes of the tragedy in Spain are fu lly understood the re is no reason whatever fo r Cuba to suffer a s im ila r fate. The leaders of the Cuban revo lu ­tion have already demonstrated th e ir capacity to avoid the errors tha t proved fa ta l in Guatemala; we can expect that they w il l demonstrate s im ila r capacity to learn from the costly experience of the Spanish revo lution.

W hat assured defeat at the hands of Franco was; acceptance of the po litica l strings tha t S ta lin pu t on aid sent from the Soviet Union. The Spanish revolutionaries were under no ob ligation w hatever to agree to these. In the firs t place, they had to pay cash on the ba rre l head for the arms they received. In the second place, to subm it to po litica l guidance from the K re m lin meant to betray the po litica l independence of the ir own movement. Inde­pendent po litica l action was o f decisive importance to the success of the Spanish revo lu tion ; arms from the USSR were not.

S ta lin ’s po licy in Spain was to re ta in cap ita lis t prop­e rty relations, inc lud ing Spanish possession of the Moroccan colony. Thus the Spanish republican forces had no effec­tive appeal tha t could have disintegrated Franco’s forces; and they had no program of basic social change to inspire the Spanish w orkers and peasants. The fina l consequence was to assure Franco’s v ic to ry . Th is in tu rn paved the w ay fo r W orld W ar I I and H it le r ’s invasion of the Soviet Union. S ta lin ’s po licy proved disastrous to the interests o f the USSR, not to speak of the interests of socialism on a w o rld scale.

On the surface, the danger o f repeating th is bleak course appears considerable. K hrushchev’s fore ign policy is essentially the same as S ta lin ’s; he seeks to m ain ta in the status quo by paw ning the interests of revo lu tiona ry move­ments and of sm all countries in b ig-power deals. A l l tha t K hrushchev has granted Cuba is a trade pact, one tha t is advantageous to the Soviet Union. He is not g iv ing any handouts. Instead he is obviously seeking po litica l p ro fit in Cuba, La tin Am erica and the rest of the colonial w orld . Can Khrushchev succeed in Cuba in the unfortuna te way S ta lin did in Spain?

Important DifferencesOn close consideration, the poss ib ility of repeating

in Cuba w hat happened in Spain appears remote. The Cuban leaders are d iffe ren t from the Spanish revo lu tion ­aries in th e ir tendency to ca rry th ings through to the end. A lthough they began by seeking on ly an end to Batis ta ’s d ic ta torsh ip , they have proved fa r bolder in upsetting prop­e rty re lations, under the demands of po litica l necessity, than the Spaniards w ith a ll th e ir lip service to socialist and com m unist ideology. Th is difference alone can tu rn out to be decisive.

In addition, they passed a stern test in w h ich the Spaniards fa iled — they won a c iv il war. This has placed them in an extrem ely strong domestic position, fo r they came to power after the c iv il w ar w ith the Cuban Franco, not before. T he ir resu lting strength and confidence are displayed by a dram atic fact — in the face of the th rea t

A d v e r t is e m e n t A d v e r t is e m e n t_________;_____________;________________________________,._a . . .A .

China Versus India— Which Will Prevail?

A fa te fu l race is proceeding between the tw o great­est countries of Asia who share h a lf the w o rld ’s popula­tion between them. They are pursu ing to ta lly d iffe ren t routes to economic and social progress.

Ind ia is try in g to industria lize and modernize her­self w ith in the boundaries of capitalism . China has a lready passed beyond capita lism and is feve rish ly re­b u ild ing its economic foundations by the socialist methods of planned economy.

The results of th e ir com petition are being closely fo llow ed because the outcome can shape the fu tu re of the whole colonial w orld . In “ Ind ia and China — A Con­tra s t” Danie l Roberts compares th e ir performances to date and shows w hy revo lu tiona ry China is bounding ahead of Ind ia . Send 35 cents fo r a copy.

International Socialist Review116 University Place New York 3. N.Y.

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Socialist Workers Party Election PlatformH um an ity today faces three key problems:

( I ) How can the w o rld be freed from the threat of nuclear destruction? (2) How can hunger and poverty be w iped out? (3) How can equa lity and democracy be won and maintained?

These are also the three key issues in the 1960 elections. What can Am erica contribu te tow ard a w orld of enduring peace, abundance and freedom?

The Struggle for Peace

A t one tim e Am erica was regarded as the hope of the oppressed everywhere. This is no longer true. The m a jo rity o f the human race have turned tow ard the Soviet Union and China as representing the road o f progress. W hether we like i t or not, th is happens to be today’s outstanding fact. I t is h igh tim e to ask ourselves, w hy has Am erica become so feared and hated?

Ope of the main reasons is th a t people in other countries have become convinced tha t America bears ch ie f responsib ility lo r the fr ig h t­ening d r i f t tow ard a th ird w o rld w ar. They note that our m ilita ry experts have repeatedly ad­m itted tha t the Soviet U nion does not need war, does not w ant w ar, and is not p lanning an attack. Yet the Pentagon continues to spend approxim ate ly $40 b illio n a year fo r armaments; continues to stockpile nuclear weapons; con­tinues to tigh ten a vast r in g of m ilita ry bases around the Soviet bloc countries; and continues such aggressive actions as spy-plane invasions deep in to Soviet te rr ito ry . The pub lic abroad noted the State Departm ent insistence on the ‘need” to renew nuclear tests and the Soviet in itia tive in g iv ing them up. The contrast in altitudes is explainable only i f Am erica is actively

preparing fo r nuclear w ar w h ile the Soviet bloc seeks to avoid such a catastrophe.

I t is common knowledge in other lands tha t he basic causes of w ar are economic. A m erica ’s

d rive tow ard nuclear disaster is therefore seen is the end resu lt o f the need of its cap ita lis t economy fo r cheap labor, cheap raw materials and lucra tive markets, not to m ention the p ro fits on armaments and a w ar boom. The Soviet avoid­

ance of war, on the other hand, is seen to fo llow from the antagonism of planned economy to p riva te profits and its need fo r peace to run n a smooth, co-ordinated way.

This is the basic explanation fo r the fact that more and more people in the w o rld today feel tha t they must oppose Am erica ’s be lligerent foreign aims and support the Soviet bloc. They ;see it as an elemental question o f surviva l.

The Struggle for Economic Security

O ut o f every eleven persons on th is earth, it has been estimated th a t seven go to bed hungry every n ight. Few of these unfortunates believe any longer tha t th is fa te is beyond remedy. The sputn iks o rb itin g overhead are da ily rem inders o f w hat a daring, energetic and fo rw ard -look ing people can accomplish through revo lu tion and a planned economy.

Two roads offer economic security — the Am erican and the Soviet. D uring W orld W ar I I and fo r a few years after, the Am erican road appeared more a ttrac tive to the colonial peoples. B u t they ran in to b itte r experiences. They found in practice tha t Am erica blocked them from achieving freedom and independence,

The U.S. poured some $2 b illio n in arms and economic aid in to the e ffo rt to keep d ic ta to r Chiang Kai-shek in power. The U.S. plunged into fu ll-sca le w ar in Korea to p revent the country from u n iting and ousting d ic ta to r Syngman Rhee. In Indochina, the U.S. backed emperor Bao Dai and the French invaders; .in Indonesia, the Dutch im peria lists; in Japan, the M ikado; in Cuba, the bloody Batista. The State Departm ent s ti l l backs butcher Franco and the unspeakable T ru jil lo . When a c iv il w a r broke out in Iraq, the U.S. landed marines in Lebanon. This year the State D epartm ent shoved a w ar pact down the throats of the Japanese people despite protest .demonstrations in vo lv in g hun ­dreds of thousands of student youth and m illions of organized workers. Ten years a fte r the Chinese Revolution, both Democrats and Re­publicans s til l refuse to recognize the new government.

To the underpriv ileged of the earth, Am erica appears as a fr ig h te n in g ly m alevolent country. W ith $9 b illio n w orth of gra in in storage, prom inent Americans answer pleas fo r bread w ith stony advice to cut down the colored b irth rate; and to emphasize the advice, Dem ­

ocrats and Republicans have w ith d ra w n m il­lions of acres of the most fe r tile Am erican soil from production. A spectacular instance o f th is inhum an fore ign po licy was the refusal to help Egypt bu ild the Aswan dam. Today the b ipa r­tisan Republican and Democratic coalition is b ring ing increasing pressure against tin y Cuba’s efforts to w in a decent standard of liv ing .

H ungry people, scorned by Am erica, are inclined to tu rn in the Soviet d irection. Sym ­pathetic help from th is source becomes qu ite dram atic, fo r the Soviet people are no t yet w e ll to do. More im portan t, the Soviet Union appears as a liv in g example of how to achieve industria liza tion w ith o u t w a iting fo r aid tha t may never a rrive from the cruel N orth A m e ri­can power. .

As a result, hundreds of m illions o f the poverty-stricken, from C hina to A frica , from the M idd le East to the Caribbean, have fe lt forced, however re luc tan tly , to take the road of revo lu tion in defiance to advice, threats and reprisals from W all Street, Congress, the W hite House and the Pentagon. The starved and the ragged see planned economy as the shortest way from feudal stagnation to the benefits of modern c iv iliza tion .

Two big lessons can be learned from th is :(1) We cannot afford to leave our fate in the hands of self-seeking corporations and money- mad monopolists bent on b lock ing w o rld prog­ress fo r the sake of p riva te pro fit. Instead, we should listen to the agonized cries to help make th is globe a livab le place. (2) The demonstrated, successes of planned economy in underdevel­oped countries show w hat tremendous benefits i t could b ring to America. In less than fo rty years planned economy brought Russia from one of the weakest o f powers to one o f the m ightiest; and tha t despite gross bureaucracy, bad government, mismanagement, d ire poverty, a heritage of backwardness and the most te r­r ib le w ar in history. There is not the least doubt tha t a planned economy ip the U nited States, w ith our sk illed labor, our rich resources, tre ­mendous industria l p lant and h igh ly developed science, could q u ick ly end poverty on th is con­tinen t and assure everyone a life of abundance, oppo rtun ity and deeply satisfying achievement.

The Struggle for Democracy and Full Equality

Both Republicans and Democrats procla im tha t Am erica stands fo r a “ free” w o rld of democracy and equa lity whereas the Soviet U nion and the countries a llied w ith i t stand fo r to ta lita rian ism . I t is obvious tha t these lands suffer from bureaucratic police regimes th a t s tifle freedom of thought and expression no t only in po litics bu t in many other spheres. We have the r ig h t and the du ty to express our opinions about such evils bu t we have ne ither the r ig h t nor the du ty to meddle in the in terna l affa irs of other countries. The Russian people, the Chinese, the East Europeans w il l most cer­ta in ly re c tify matters themselves in due tim e by ins ta lling democratic w orkers and farm ers governments. The ir tendency to do th is has a l­ready been am ply demonstrated in the uprisings in East Germany, Poland and H ungary.

O ur firs t concern must be w ith the shape o f th ings at home. Here we confron t a sorry spectacle. F o rty-th ree years a fte r entering the firs t global conflic t to “ Make the W orld Safe fo r Democracy,” Am erica has ye t to make its l unch counters safe fo r Negroes in the South. Negro ch ild ren are s ti l l barred from equal educational fac ilities. Job opportunities are s til l restricted by skin color, sex, age and re lig ious belief. In the fields of government, industry, education and even enterta inm ent, po litica l in ­quisitors decide according to secret b lack lis t who shall w o rk and who shall not.

In the South a to ta lita rian one-party system prevails, w h ile in the country as a w hole a b ipartisan coalition o f agents of b ig business monopolize politics. Labor does not have a single spokesman of its own in Congress. M in o r­i ty parties are system atically excluded from the ba llo t and denied equal access to TV, radio and the public press.

The ranks o f the armed forces of the coun­try have no democratic r ights w hatever and a monstrous m ilita ry caste, b u ilt on the notorious Prussian model, is spreading lik e a cancer th roughout a ll our institu tions.

H ow fa r Am erica has slipped tow ard d ic ­ta to ria l ru le is demonstrated by a single o u t­

standing fact — the people have lost the r ig h t to decide the most fa te fu l of a ll questions, w ar o r peace. Congress has abdicated its w a r powers, leaving these to w hatever figure big business puts in the W h ite House. And the W hite House, in tu rn , has placed an obscure general in charge of the row of nuclear push buttons.

The erosion of democracy in Am erica is evident in every sector, inc lud ing the unions where a reactionary bureaucracy, hostile to the least manifestations of m ilitancy or assertion of democratic righ ts by the rank and file, guards its special priv ileges by any means.

This land o f J im Crow and antilabor laws, o f po litica l w itch -h u n tin g and ly ing comm er­cials, of m u ltitud inous mechanical gadgets and crushing con fo rm ity of sp ir it, is boasted as a model o f freedom and m ora lity . The fact is tha t falsehood, cynicism and w orship of the do lla r have become entrenched from the W hite House down to the TV quiz.

For a Socialist America

We urge every th in k in g A m e rica n to con­sider the socialist a lternative. We mean the socialist a lte rna tive firs t b rought to nationw ide attention by A lb e r t Parsons, Daniel DeLeon, W illia m D. Haywood and Eugene V. Debs. We mean the in te rnationa l economic order, based on scientific p lanning, advocated by K a rl M a rx and Frederick Engels. We mean a democracy, such as V. I. Len in and Leon T ro tsky fought for, tha t w il l give the w o rk ing people contro l over th e ir economy and governm ent, free the arts and sciences, and eventua lly reduce gov­ernm ent to scientific management of industry .

The Socialist W orkers pa rty urges, an im ­mediate end to the insane preparations fo r nuclear suicide. The Socialist W orkers party urges tha t we tu rn our indus tria l p lan t away from w a r and tow ard an economy of abundance. The Socialist W orkers pa rty urges tha t we rev ive the democratic outlook and the demo­cratic practices tha t were once the pride o f Am erica. Instead of resisting the course taken by the m a jo rity o f m ankind, the U nited States, we th in k , should help lead in w inn ing the benefits o f socialism fo r the en tire w orld .

We realize tha t the road to a ra tiona l economy is not an easy one and tha t many pa rtia l steps must be taken before success is fin a lly achieved. As a beginning, we propose the fo llow ing planks fo r your consideration in 1960:

(1) For a peaceful foreign policy.Let Congress and the W h ite House pledge

to the w o rld tha t Am erica w il l never resort to w ar under any circumstances. As proof of our desire fo r peace, le t us w ith d ra w a ll troops from fore ign soil, give up a ll fore ign m ilita ry bases, p u t a perm anent ha lt to nuclear-weapon tests, and dism antle the stockpile o f A-bom bs and H-bombs.

Support a ll colonial struggles against im ­peria lism and the r ig h t of a ll peoples to a gov­ernm ent of th e ir own choice.

Recognize the governm ent of the People’s Republic of China. Support the Cuban revo lu ­tion.

(2) Against capitalist militarism.T urn the armaments budget in to a peace

budget fo r homes, schools, hospitals, medical research, nurseries, playgrounds, highways, transporta tion and public parks. End cap ita lis t conscription and the Prussian-type m ilita ry tra in in g practiced in the armed forces and ROTC w hich poison the m inds of the you th against the labor movement at home, struggles fo r freedom and independence abroad and the movement fo r in te rna tiona l socialism. G ran t fu l l demo­cratic righ ts to the ranks of the a im ed forces, inc lud ing free speech, free assembly, election o f officers and collective bargaining.

(3) End economic insecurity.For the 30-hour week at 40 hours pay.

Extend unem ploym ent insurance to every w o rk ­er, and at the fu l l union scale fo r the fu l l period of w a iting fo r a job. Le t the governm ent take over a ll fac ilities made id le by cutbacks, auto­mation, mergers, decentralization, run-aways, or depression and operate them under charge of committees elected by the workers. Place con­tro l o f production rates and speeds in the hands of the unions.

Equal pay fo r equal w ork regardless' o f sex or age. F u ll job and sen iority righ ts and m a te rn ity care fo r women. ,

A governm ent-guaranteed college education

fo r a ll youth. Federa lly financed nurseries and summer camps fo r children.

For A m erica ’s “ Forgotten Generation,” our th irteen m illio n aged people, le t’s p rovide fu ll d isa b ility benefits, free medical care and hospi- ' ta liza tion, and adequate pensions. As an im ­mediate measure, pass the Forand b ill.

(4) Restore and expand democratic rights.End restric tions on the r ig h t to organize,

s tr ike and picket. No governm ent interference in in te rna l union affairs. Repeal the oppressive K ennedy-Landrum -G riffin , T a ft-H a rtley , and H um phrey-B u tle r Acts, the misnamed “ r ig h t to w o rk ” laws and other federal, state and c ity , an tilabor laws and ordinances.

Abolish the “ subversive” lis t. Repeal the MeCarran In te rna l Security and Im m ig ra tion laws. H a lt a ll deportations. Repeal the Sm ith Act and grant amnesty to a ll rem ain ing v ic tim s of th is thought-con lro l law . A bo lish “ lo y a lty ” oaths and “ lo y a lty ” purges. Repeal the law abridg ing the F if th Amendm ent. U phold the F irs t Amendm ent. A bolish the House U n -A m e ri­can A c tiv it ie s Committee and the Senate In te r­nal S ecurity Subcommittee. H a lt a ll po litica l prosecutions fo r “ contem pt” and “ p e r ju ry ” based on the testim ony of stool pigeons.

L ibera lize the election laws. Low er the vo ting age to 18. G ive m in o rity parties equal tim e on T V and radio and in the columns of the pub lic press.

(5) Guarantee minority rights.F u ll economic, social and po litica l equa lity

to the Negro people and to a ll o ther m in o rity groups. S o lida rity w ith mass actions aimed at securing these righ ts as exem plified in the s it-in movement of the Negro students and th e ir allies.

For im m ediate enforcement of the Supreme C ourt decision to desegregate the schools.

Enact and enforce federal leg is la tion against lynch m urder and police b ru ta lity . A bo lish the po ll tax.

For a federal agency fu l ly empowered to combat a ll form s o f racist d isc rim ina tion and segregation in employm ent, po litics and pub lic and p riva te services.

End the barbaric death penalty. Reform our antiquated prison system.

(6) For adequate government aid to the farmers.

Under a federal program set up and adm in­istered by elected representatives of the w o rk ­ing farmers, le t the governm ent underw rite the fu l l cost of production on a ll fa rm commodities. No lim ita tio n on crops so long as people suffer from hunger anywhere in the w orld . G overn­ment food subsidies fo r fam ilies in Am erica liv in g on a substandard diet.

M oratorium s on repaym ent of distress loans as long as debtors need them.

Abolish sharecropping and land lord ism — crops to those who grow them ; land to those who w ork it.

(7) For an emergency government housing' and public works program.

As a sta rte r on ending the scandalous na­tiona l housing crisis, le t the governm ent b u ild tw e n ty m illio n low -ren t housing un its on an emergency schedule. P u t r ig id ren t controls on a ll p riva te housing; elect tenants committees to supervise enforcement.

For a fu ll-sca le federal program on flood contro l, w ater supply, irr ig a tio n , cheap elec­t r ic ity and conservation of na tu ra l resources.

(8) Repeal taxes on low incomes.Abolish a ll payro ll and sales taxes and h id e

den forms of taxes passed on to the consumer. No taxes on incomes under $7,500 a year. A 100% ta x on incomes above $25,000 a year, Confiscate a ll profits on w a r goods. Open the tax re tu rns of the rich to pub lic scrutiny.

(9) For government ownership of industry.Nationalize the banks, basic industries, food

trusts, medical monopolies -and a ll na tu ra l re ­sources, inc lud ing nuclear power. E lect com m itt- tees of w orkers and technicians to manage these fac ilitie s in the interests of the producers and' consumers. In s titu te a planned system of economy.

(10) For independent political action.End the Dem ocratic-Republican monopoly

o f politics. Break a ll ties w ith the cap ita lis t po litica l machines. Organize an independent labor parly , basing i t on the unions and in c lu d ­ing the Negro people and w o rk in g farm ers. P u t a W orkers and Fanners governm ent in office to reorganize Am erica on a socialist basis.

from W a ll S treet to smash the revo lu tion , they gave guns to the people, arm ing the en tire population.

F in a lly , they appear to have realized the importance of w iden ing the base of th e ir defense to a ll o f L a tin A m er­ica instead of confin ing i t to the sm all island of Cuba. They honestly and fra n k ly recognize their, m ilita ry weakness, th e ir sm all size, the great d ifficu ltie s th a t confront the Cuban revo lu tion ; bu t they seek to make up fo r th is by u tiliz in g the revo lu tion as an exam ple to insp ire a ll of Centra l and South Am erica.

The in te rna tiona l s itua tion is also much more favorable fob the Cuban revo lu tion than the Spanish. In 1936 M us­solin i, H it le r and the M ikado were r id in g h igh, fascism was on the m arch and the prestige and power o f the Soviet Union had reached the ebb m arked by S ta lin ’s infamous purges and fram e-up tria ls .

Today the colonia l independence movement is sweep­ing w ith enormous force, b ring ing even the most under­developed nations o f A fr ica in to the stream of w o rld po li­tics. Cuba stands in a fra te rn ity of sm all powers whose voices resound out of a ll proportion to th e ir economic and m ilita ry strength.

W orld im peria lism is fa r weaker; the B ritish , French, Dutch and Belgian empires are d is in tegra ting . Japan and Germ any are occupied countries. In contrast, Eastern Europe and China now stand in the Soviet camp and the Soviet Union itse lf has outstripped the Western European powers and stands second only to the U nited States.

Besides this, the m onolith ism of S ta lin ism has been broken. Moscow can no longer speak w ith o u t tak ing in to account re jo inders or amendments from Belgrade and Peking w hich are no doubt ca re fu lly studied in Cuba fo r independent evaluation. And the revo lu tionary-socia lis t voice of T ro tskyism begins to be heard more frequen tly as in the student demonstrations in Japan.

W ith such a re la tion of forces, the fear tha t Cuba may fa l l like a ripe f r u i t in to the hands o f Khrushchev does not seem w e ll founded. I t is more lik e ly tha t the Cuban ex­ample w i l l prove to be a fresh source of insp ira tion to the Russian w orkers in th e ir own struggle to w in back the democracy they knew under Len in and T ro tsky.

W hy the U.S. Lies About CubaBy William F. Warde

' The spy-plane incident gave the Am erican people an insight in to the “ l ie -a b ility ” of the Eisenhower adm in is tra tion . Now they can learn more about its habits of m isrepresentation from the campaign mounted by the State D epartm ent and its echo­ing press against the Cuban revo lu tion.

W ashington o f f i c i a l s knew they were com m itting economic aggression w h e n they de­cided to stop sugar sh ip­ments from Cuba. They were confronted w ith the embarrass­ing clause in the charter of the Organization of the Am erican States that no member state may use “ coercive” economic meas­ures against another. How was the State Departm ent to get around this stum bling block?

In requesting the House to empower the president to cut foreign sugar quotas, Secretary H erte r declared tha t Cuba’s sugar production m ight fa ll by one m illio n tons and therefore Cuba could not be considered a dependable source of supply. This p re text was groundless. Cuba can • supply the entire w orld w ith sugar.

Premier Castro nailed this lie by offering the following wager. " If we produce 1.000,- 000 tons less of sugar we w ill renounce all the United States quota,*' he said. "However, if we produce 1,000,000 tons more, then the United States w ill increase our quota by 1.000.000 tons."Herter did not accept. The

adm in istra tion is not concerned about ge tting enough sugar at reasonable prices from Cuba. Its aim is to starve out and strangle the Cuban revo lu tion.

In order to smoke-screen its be lligerent course, the State De­partm ent on June 29 filed a memorandum w ith the In te r- Am erican Peace Committee, a u n it o f the 21-nation Organiza­tion of Am erican States, charg­ing Cuba w ith conducting an “ intense campaign of d istortions, h a lf-tru th s and o u tr ig h t fa lse­hoods” and d is tu rb ing Hemis­pheric peace by “ slander and hostile propaganda” against the U.S.

The cynicism of these accusa­tions is b rea th-tak ing since the State D epartm ent is g u ilty o f the very crimes i t imputes to Cuba. Can any in te llig e n t unbiased person believe th a t th is small country of less than seven m il­lion inhabitants is so threatening to the Am erican G olia th as to im pe ril the peace of tw o con­tinents?

Reprisals

The memorandum to the In ­te r-Am erican Peace Committee was couched in v io len t term s to se t,the stage fo r a series of re ­prisals against Cuba. This sw itch from a policy of proclaimed “ caution” to avowed toughness, signalized by the suspension of sugar imports, was decided upon r ig h t a fte r the Cuban govern­ment was goaded in to tak ing over the o il refineries. James Reston w ro te fro m W ashington on June 30 th a t “ Cuba has now gone so fa r in the expropria tion

| of Am erican property , most re ­cently in tak ing over the Texas Company’s o il re finery at San­tiago de Cuba, tha t th is govern­ment is now defin ite ly , though cautiously, m oving tow ard a po licy o f counteraction.”

As in the Lebanon situation two years ago, Eisenhower's administration serves as the protective agent of the oil monopolists whose profits and properties are endangered by a revolutionary movement.The Cuban revo lu tion is in

fu l l flood. The State D epart­m ent fears tha t its example w il l spur other L a tin Am erican peo­ples, not on ly to th row off th e ir tyran ts, bu t go fo rw ard and take measures fo r the benefit of w orkers and peasants displeas­ing to the fore ign and native capitalists.v Reston adm its tha t there is such popular support in La tin Am erica fo r Castro’s land re­fo rm and other policies against the propertied classes tha t the U nited States has to intervene cautiously and proceed step by step in its efforts to h a lt the ir expansion and influence.

A New York Times editorial of June 25 put it bluntly: "The feeling is that a posture of weakness by the United States would lead to a belief through­out Latin America that this country w ill stand helplessly and watch revolutionary forces gain more and more ground."

I t adds th a t “ the present Cuban fo re ign po licy could, i f fo llow ed long enough and fa r enough, b ring the danger o f in ­

International comm unism too close to be bearable.”

The New Y o rk News says the same th ing in p la ine r lingo: “ The B a ttle of Cuba . . . is an im portan t battle in the cold w ar . . . E isenhower’s job, as we see it, is to do every th ing in his power to fo il Khrushchev and w reck Castro.”

‘This hue and cry of com p lic ity w ith the K re m lin is raised, even though A m e r i c a ’ s economic blockade leaves Cuba no choice but to tu rn fo r aid to the USSR and China w h ich i t is fu l ly en­title d to accept, especially in view of the in to le rab le pressures exerted by Washington.

"Too Delicate"

The New Y ork Times reported that: “ London and W ashington are said to be in constant consul­tation on the Cuban crisis and each is believed to be fu l ly in form ed o f the o ther’s attitudes and in tentions.” This has an ominous ring. Form er Labor Party Foreign Secretary H erb ­e rt M orrison has a lready in ­qu ired w hether the Tory gov- e r n m e n t contemplates using “ force, even w ar,” to ha lt the seizure of English o il interests in Cuba as i t did in the case of Abadan. He was to ld th is was too “ delicate a m atte r” to d is­cuss at th is point.

The Am erican people m ust not be taken in by the deceitfu l propaganda of the o ily adm inis­tra tion . They should rem ain on guard to p revent the campaign against Cuba from becoming converted in to another Lebanon o r Korea.

Monday, July 11 & 18, 1960 T H Ê M I L I T A N T Page Three

S u b s c rip tio n : $3 a y e a r; C a­n ad ia n , $3.50; fo re ig n , $4.50. t h e MILITANT Second class postage p a id

a t New Y o rk , N. Y .

E d ito r : JO S E P H H A N S E N M a na g ing E d ito r : D A N IE L R O BER TS Business M a na g e r: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P ub lished w eek ly b y th e M i l i ta n t P u b lis h in g A ssn ., 116 U n iv e rs ity PI.', N . Y . 3, N . Y . P hone : C H 3-2140.S igned a r t ic le s b y c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t n e ce ssa rily re p re se n t the M ili ta n t 's p o lic ie s . These are expressed in e d ito r ia ls .

Vol. X X IV — No. 28 Monday, July 11 & 18, 1960

W ho Wrecked the Summit?In a scathing speech to the Senate

June 28 Senator J. W. F u lb r ig h t o f A rka n ­sas, Dem ocratic C hairm an o f the Foreign Relations Committee, declared th a t the provocative acts o f the Eisenhower ad­m in is tra tion around the U-2 spy-flights caused the breakdown of the M ay sum m it conference in Paris. He based th is con­clusion on the report of the closed-door testim ony given by leading adm in is tra tion offic ia ls between M ay 27 and June 2.

The M ilita n t, together w ith m any gov­ernm ents and peoples the w o rld over, has contended from the firs t tha t the w a rlike course o f the Pentagon, d riven by the needs of U.S. im peria lism to police the globe fo r capita lism , torpedoed the re laxa tion o f ten­sions between the U.S. and the USSR and is the m a jo r obstacle to peace today. F u l- b r ig h t’s strong condemnation of the W h ite House and State D epartm ent’s policies pro­vides in form ed, a u tho rita tive confirm ation of th is position.

The Arkansas Senator said th a t ad­m in is tra tio n spokesmen w ou ld not te ll the Foreign Relations Com m ittee “ even under conditions o f utm ost secrecy” w ha t ex tra ­o rd in a rily im po rtan t in fo rm a tion the U-2 flig h t was supposed to obtain. He charged tha t th is was no th ing bu t “ the A d m in is tra ­tio n ’s cover s tory fo r its own costly m is­take.”

“ The gravest m istake was made” when Eisenhower assumed responsib ility fo r the fligh t. “ H is to rica lly , the deliberate and in ­ten tiona l assertion by a head of state of the r ig h t to v io la te the te rr ito r ia l sovereignty o f another nation has been considered an u n fr ie n d ly act of the utm ost seriousness.”

“ I t is to ta lly inacceptable fo r one ch ie f of state . . . to im pinge on the sovereignty o f another, and much less so fo r h im to assert the r ig h t to do so,” observed the head of the Foreign Relations Committee.

E isenhower’s em bracing o f the U-2 fligh ts gave the Soviet leaders ample rea­son fo r breaking off negotiations, F u lb r ig h t believed. “ A lthough another man would have most l ik e ly been m ore temperate in his choice of language, i t is d if f ic u lt to see how anyone could have been expected to act substan tia lly d iffe ren t from the way Chairm an Khrushchev acted under the c ir­cumstances w h ich confronted h im - in Paris.”

I t was bad enough fo r the President to take respons ib ility fo r the fligh ts; s t i l l worse to leave the impression tha t they w ould be continued and, even more, tha t they were fu l ly jus tified . B u t the crow n­ing in su lt was to go beyond th is and blame the Russians themselves fo r the flights. “ Th is a ttitude o f smug self-righteousness m ust have been unbearably provocative to the Soviet G overnm ent,” F u lb r ig h t com­mented.

The Senator lambasted the argum ent

th a t the fligh ts had to be made because “ we needed in te lligence.” “ I f a man is s ta rv ing to death, and robs a grocery store, we can understand his a c tio n on the basis o f his need; bu t his need does not give h im a r ig h t to become a bu rg la r.”

H it le r argued, said F u lb rig h t, th a t “ G erm any’s need fo r Lebensraum gave h im the m ora l r ig h t to com m it aggression. The same k in d of argum ent was heard from M ussolin i and from the Japanese w ar lords o f the T h irtie s .” I t sounded no better com ing from U.S. mouths.

W ho wrecked the sum m it conference? I t adds l i t t le to ou r understanding, con­cludes F u lb rig h t, to say Khrushchev did. “ The essential po in t is th a t the U-2 was the reason he did. . . . One m ig h t even go fu r th e r and say th a t we forced Khrushchev

.to w reck the conference by our own inep t­ness.”

F u lb r ig h t is concerned over the loss of prestige suffered by the U.S. as a re­su lt of “ A dm in is tra tio n bum b ling and fu m b lin g ” in the U-2 plane inc ident. A m er­ican influence in w o rld affairs, he said, is at a “ new low .” This is ce rta in ly so— though not fo r the reasons he cites. The na tion ’s influence has sunk so low because thb irresponsib le and reckless a ttitude dis­played by the W ashington w a r lords has exposed to fu l le r v iew th e ir h o s tility to im prov ing re la tions w ith the Soviet coun­tries and the danger they represent to w o rld peace. /

The Arkansas Senator hopes to catch votes fo r the Dem ocratic candidates in 1960 by exp lo iting the embarrassments o f the Republican adm in is tra tion and by depict­ing his own p a rty as m ore capable of hand ling fore ign problems. But, despite the te llin g critic ism s he and some other Democrats have made o f the State D epart­m ent, th e ir own p a rty ne ithe r practices nor proposes any fo re ign po licy d iffe ren t from tha t o f Eisenhower, D ulles and H erter. Fo r the past e ight years and more Democrats have jo ined hands w ith Re­publicans in pursu ing a be lligeren t b i­partisan po licy in w o rld affa irs designed to keep the w o rld safe fo r capitalism .

A l l those who w an t to vote fo r can­didates w ho advocate a rad ica l change in th is coun try ’s fo re ign po licy should con­su lt the firs t p lank in the Socialist W orkers pa rty p la tfo rm published on the opposite page.

“ L e t Congress and the W h ite House pledge to the w o rld tha t Am erica w i l l never resort to w a r under any c ircum ­stances. As proof o f our desire fo r peace, le t us w ith d ra w a ll troops from fore ign soil, g ive up a ll fo re ign m ilita ry bases, pu t a perm anent h a lt to nuclear-weapon tests, and dism antle the stockpile o f A-bombs and H-bombs.”

Excerpts from Speeches by Fidel Castro

The 'W orker' and Free SpeechWe believe the Am erican C iv il L ib e r­

ties Union and the Emergency L ibe rties Com m ittee helped defend democratic righ ts when they opposed recent moves to bar hate-m ongering George L inco ln Rock­w e ll, head of the “ Am erican Nazi p a rty ,” from speaking in New Y o rk C ity . W hen R ockw ell sought to hold a ra lly in U nion Square on Ju ly 4, M ayor W agner denied h im a perm it. The tw o c iv il libe rties o r­ganizations protested the m ayor’s decision despite th e ir abhorrence of R ockw e ll’s views.

Both groups argued tha t to deny Rock­w e ll the r ig h t to ho ld h is own m eeting created a precedent fo r fu r th e r underm in­ing the already badly cripp led F irs t Am endm ent.

T he ir stand should be p a rticu la rly welcomed, we believe, by a ll sections o f the rad ica l movement, w h ich is bearing the b ru n t of the governm ent attacks on the r ig h t o f free speech and w h ich stands to suffer most from new in fringem ents on th a t righ t.

We also believe tha t the Com m unist pa rty , w h ich has been a p rim a ry target of the w itch -hun t, is dead w rong to have be­rated the A C LU and ECLC fo r th e ir stands.

A n ed ito ria l in the J u ly 3 W orker, w h ich voices the views of the CP, declares: “ To advocate in the name of c iv il liberties, freedom fo r the defamers of the people is to underm ine the defense of the righ ts of the defenders of the people.”

Labe ling the stand of the tw o c iv il- libe rties groups an “ id io tic a ffron t to com­mon sense,” the ed ito ria l declares i t ex­pected no more from the A C LU , b u t “ tha t D r. C la rk Foreman, o f the newer and less m en ta lly and m ora lly muscle-bound Em er­gency C iv il L ibe rties Committee, owes his supporters an apology fo r his pub lic state­m ent in beha lf o f the c iv il libe rties o f a professional fascist and rac is t.”

Com m enting on the W orke r’s ed ito ria l,

D r. Foreman has stated: “ W hen the tim e comes when I m ust apologize fo r m y de­fense of the F irs t Am endm ent, I w i l l aban­don m y ac tiv ities in defense of c iv il lib e r­ties. The tw o go together.”

D r. Foreman points out th a t in v i r ­tu a lly every one o f h is com m ittee’s legal defense activ ities, m any o f w h ich invo lve the free-speech righ ts o f Com m unist pa rty members, the ECLC law yers have had to invoke the Supreme C ourt’s decision in the T e rm in ie llo Case.

Term in ie llo was a supporter of the fascist G erald L . K . Sm ith. In 1946 he was arrested by Chicago police a fte r a S m ith ra lly broke up in a figh t. Ter­m in ie llo was convicted on the grounds tha t his speech had alleged ly “ inc ited to r io t.” The h igh court reversed the convic­tion, declaring th a t the cu rta ilm en t of free speech on the ground tha t i t in v ite d dispute is a dangerous fo rm o f censorship.

Isn ’t i t obvious tha t th is decision is fa r m ore m ean ing fu l fo r those w ith a genuine stake in c iv il libe rties than i t is fo r a Term in ie llo , a S m ith or a Rockwell?

The whole h is to ry of free-speech struggles in th is coun try underscores the fact tha t the F irs t Am endm ent can be de­fended e ffective ly on ly i f i t is defended w ith o u t qualifications.

R ockw ell w ou ld have suffered a fa r more sign ificant setback, in our opinion, had he not been prevented by the m ayor’s edict from staging his ra lly and had thou­sands of New Yorkers exercised th e ir r ig h t of free speech by ho ld ing a coun te r-ra lly in U nion Square to a ffirm th e ir opposition to racism and fascism.

The W orker w ou ld have contribu ted to stam ping out in c ip ien t fascism i f i t had advocated such a coun te r-ra lly instead of u rg ing M ayor W agner to ban R ockw e ll’s meeting and denouncing the A C L U and ECLC fo r th e ir correct free-speech stands.

The capitalist p r e s s , radio and TV have conspired to pre­vent the American people from hearing Cuba's side and from getting a true picture of what the Cuban people think about the State Department's declar­ation of economic w ar on the small island republic. Why they have imposed silence can be gathered from the following ex­cerpts from speeches made in the past week by Fidel Castro. Be­cause of their unusual scope and interest, we wish we had space to publish these speeches in their entirety. — Editor.

We can lose pa rt of the quota? Then they can lose p a rt of the ir investments. We can lose a ll the quota? Then they can lose a ll th e ir investments. We w il l exchange quota fo r investm ent We are w a itin g fo r them to pass a Sugar Law to make us pass the Cuban Law of Investments g ranting the governm ent the same powers as Congress gives the Am erican president.

Good, aside fro m the $800, 000,000 in investments, we can take in to account tha t they have been selling such a q uan tity of products and commodities tha t du ring the past ten years the trade balance favored them by $1,000,000,000. Taking th is in to account, we can make reductions also in im ports from them , since there are many countries tha t w ould lik e to sell here but they can’t since the U nited States has monopolized the Cuban m arket since the beginning of the re ­public.

* * *

They have never suffered an in te rru p tion in the supply of sugar from Cuba. They have always received the shipments on tim e.

N ow they are ca rry ing on an unjust, aggressive and defama­to ry campaign against Cuba. B u t they act as i f they had com­p le te ly forgotten about the busi­nesses they have here.

They should not seek jus tifica ­tion in the eternal accusations of communism, since, fo r greater c la rity , here we have, in view of everyone, the unusual s ight o f the Republican senators ac­cusing the group o f representa­tives of being communists be­cause they opposed the reduction of the Cuban sugar quota.

* * *

W hat they say or plan there has re la tive value. A ll these plans have to take us in to ac­count. W hat w il l they p u t be­fore the In te r-A m erican Com­m ittee of Peace? We can prove a ll the aggressions against us, the economic as w e ll as the planes and the a ir attacks. These are plans tha t have the charac­te ris tic of not tak ing us in to ac­count. They make them up in th e ir heads; these gentlemen speak o f them, b u t they forget something im portan t, who we are. H ow are they going to speak o f these things? In the firs t place i t is fic titious, and in the second place, w ha t does i t lead to? To investigate us?

But we are not going to let anybody investigate us. To es­tablish a police regime over us? W hat police are going to come here to establish th is regime and fo r w hat reason? I t w ou ld be best to establish an in te rna tiona l police regime in the states of the South to prevent the k il l in g of Negroes.

* * *

We know the lack o f capacity o f th e ir po litic ians or leaders, th e ir m yopia; you can look fo r a ll the errors.

Recent facts demonstrate this. The case of Japan and o f the U-2. They persisted in ca rry ­ing through the tr ip according to plan w ith o u t tak ing in to account the discontent o f the Japanese people, despite the protest de­monstrations, w hich were not exactly o f a m in o rity . O nly when the state o f opinion is great against something can i t produce general strikes like tha t in Japan. A nd it was not only the w orkers bu t also the s tu ­dents, the U n ive rs ity professors; i t was a state o f great pub lic opin ion; i t was a state of opposi­tion tow ard a po licy tha t bound Japan to the dangers of an atom ic w ar — noth ing less than Japan w hich is the on ly country tha t knows w hat an atomic bomb means. . . .

* * *

They propagandized against the Japanese people, presenting them as savage, as a c rim ina l people, in short, in the w orst colors. A ll the w o rld received th is w ith a s p ir it o f hate against the Japanese, among other th ings because Japan was an aggressor country. B u t g u ilt could not be placed on the peo­ple; i t was the m ilita ry o liga r­chies tha t were ru ling . Today the peoples understand th is w e ll. Form erly they judged nations in a block. They did not under­stand the p o lit ica l re a lity o f na­tions. They said Germ any, Ita ly , Japan. H i s t o r i c experience teaches th a t peoples are n o t to blame. The native oligarchies and the ru lin g nationa l castes are the g u ilty ones, lik e the w ar-

Cuba Renews Offer On Cheap SugarThe a rb itra ry State D epart­

ment decision to prevent the U.S. pub lic fro m buying Cu­ban sugar can h u rt Am erican consumers most of a ll. By creating an a rtif ic ia l scarcity, it can lead to skyrocketing prices fo r sugar and a ll p rod­ucts containing sugar.

In backing th is reactionary policy, the capita list press has remained silent about Cuba’s proposal to do away w ith a ll quotas and ta r iffs or other restrictions on free trade. Cuba is prepared to sell A m ­erican consumers a ll the sugar they can use at much low er prices than those cu rren tly set by the monopolists.

Here is Cuba’s offer as re ­peated by Castro in a speech June 24:

“ They are deceiving the people o f the U nited States and m aking them pay the highest price fo r s ugar.

“ We can sell sugar at the lowest price and can in th is way contribute to low ering the cost o f l iv in g fo r the Am erican people.

“ The Americans consume an average of 100 pounds per capita each year. B u t we can sell them th is sugar much cheaper.

“ I t is a lie tha t the A m e r­ican people have to pay us a h igh price fo r our product.”

making oligarchy that governs the United States today.

We cannot blame the A m er­ican people who are v ic tim s of the oligarchy. That o ligarchy sought em pire, as the U nited States seeks i t today. I t sought raw m aterials, o il, as the A m er­ican o ligarchy seeks it. I t sought profits as the U nited States seeks them today.

* * *

I t is the aggression of a pow ­e rfu l o ligarchy against a small country tha t is strugg ling fo r its economic independence.

* * *

I t cannot be said th a t po litics is a simple and facile m atter. Much less can it be said o f aR evolution; i t is possible tha tnoth ing is as complex and as d i f ­ficu lt as a R evolution; the more complex, the more profound i t is; and the more complex, the

greater the d ifficu ltie s to be overcome. A R evolution can be made complex by the p ro fund ­ity of the measures w h ich i t takes, and a R evolution can be made complex by the d ifficu lties w h ich i t faces, since one as w e ll as the other can raise doubts, can disconcert minds, can d is­m ay a part o f the people. A Revolution tha t takes radical measures log ica lly arouses the most diverse opinions in a ll the social layers o f the country; a R evolution tha t faces great d i f ­ficu lties log ica lly arouses the most varied judgm ents concern­ing w ha t tactics or strategy to fo llow or w ha t the possibilities are o f overcom ing these ob­stacles.

• * *

C learly i t w ould be foolish to pretend tha t the R evo lu tion has not made errors; i t w ou ld be absurd to believe tha t the revo­lu tio n a ry w o rk is perfect; a ll of us are try in g to do the best we can; a ll o f us desire to be as per­fect as possible, and everyone, knows the efforts we are m aking to ca rry fo rw a rd w ith the most generous hum an sp ir it, w ith the most absolute respect fo r the d ig n ity of man and the lib e rty o f our compatriots. I t w ould be an e rro r to t r y to analyze the acts o f a R evolu tion in the l ig h t of n o r m a l circumstances; i t w ould be an e rro r to fo rge t th a t a R evolu tion is not a norm al process, tha t a R evolu tion is an abnorm al and exceptional proc­ess in the life o f the peoples.

Everyone understands perfect­ly w e ll tha t the Revolution w ould have had no problems i f i t had not in ju red the interests o f the monopolies. B u t i f the R evolution had not in ju red the interests of the monopolies i t w ould not be a Revolution.

* * *

I t is not possible to destroy a Revolution, and we should re ­mem ber th a t no R evolution has been destroyed, no genuine Revolution has been destroyed. And a ll the attem pts to destroy genuine revo lu tions have fa iled, because revolutions have th e ir roots in the h is to ry o f hum anity , have roots in human realities, in the progress of hum an ity , and are inv io lab le laws o f human events. To t r y to destroy a R evolution is lik e try in g to de­stroy a na tu ra l law and h is to ry w il l demonstrate it.

A nd ours, as a genuine R evolu- tion , as a R evolution th a t in its

Cuba Offers Students Low-Cost Vacations

By Peter Allan

genuineness has great and fu l l echo among a ll our b ro ther peo­ples o f th is continent and among the underdeveloped peoples of the w orld , and an echo o f ad­m ira tion over the face of the earth, is an indestructib le Revo­lu tion .

* * *

We in itia ted the revo lu tiona ry process w ith much less m a tu rity than we have today. B u t i t can be said tha t the p o lit ica l cu ltu re o f the Cuban people has ad­vanced more in these tw o years than in the f i f ty preceding years. The Revolution has been a school o f revo lu tiona ry deeds.

A nd thus we come to the present stages: the a ttem pt to weaken the R evolu tion through the economic problem. T ha t is w hy they w an t to reduce the quota, w hy they w a n t to para­lyze the plans o f development, w hy they w ant to leave us w ith ­out petroleum . The coup d ’etat, the m ilita ry maneuver o f the firs t days, fa iled. The plan of

threats fa iled . The attem pts to fom ent f if th columns fa iled . N ow comes the plan to make the Revolu tion fa il th rough aggres­sions o f an economic type. They are p u ttin g in to effect the p lan o f p u ttin g us in economic d i f f i ­culties. They believe they can make a dent in the people, be­cause they are counting on a low ering in the na tiona l income, savings shares, plans o f de­velopm ent; they have tu rned to th is weapon because the others fa iled.

In response I support th is po in t o f v iew : the defense o f thé R evolu tion is, above a ll, a p rob ­lem o f revo lu tiona ry conscious­ness. Tha t is, w ith o u t re vo lu ­tiona ry consciousness therè is no defense o f the R evolution. W hat the R evo lu tion is doing, w ha t the R evolution m ust do, s im p ly obeys the developm ent o f revo­lu tio n a ry consciousness. The de­fense o f the R evolu tion is a question, above a ll, o f conscious­ness, o f revo lu tiona ry m a tu rity .

The American W ay of Life

A n educational low-cost sum­mer vacation is in store fo r Am erican students who take ad­vantage of an unusual offer be­ing made by Cuba’s N ational In ­s titu te of the T ouris t Industry . Rates are as low as $16.15 a week.

Special student summ er col­onies are being set up th rough­out the island near sugar p lan ta ­tions, ag ricu ltu ra l co-operatives and industries operated by the N ational In s titu te o f A g ra rian Reform w h ich is pa rtic ipa ting in the venture w ith student and professional groups.

Up to f i f ty guests w il l be lodged in estates and houses, many o f them mansions taken over from the Batista dictatorship

. Cuban music and dances, instruction in Spanish, special

...Bus Drivers(Continued from Page 1)

io r ity righ ts of a ll Omnibus drivers.

The w a lkou t began on June 27. The next day, 250 d r ive r s sought an audience w ith M ayor Wagner to protest the one-way street plan. He refused to meet w ith them.

M eanwhile, M atthew Guinan, president of TW U Local 100, whose executive board has done noth ing to combat the th rea t against the d r iv e rs conditions, s u s p e n d e d B lum enauer and H aro ld Newcamp, Section 104 vice-president, from th e ir union posts fo r leading the w a lkout. This action angered more bus drivers and by m idday, June 29, 21 M anhattan bus lines had stopped running.

Q u ill faced the rank-and-file revo lt by avoid ing the issues. He called the strikers “ crackpots and b irdbra ins” and declared h im se lf opposed to “ b lackm a il­ing the c ity .”

He refused the s trike rs ’ de­mand fo r the re instatem ent of B lum enauer and Newcamp, who, he said, w ould have to face a three-man tr ia l comm ittee o f the local executive board. Though he said the union had no w ay of fo rc ing the men back to w or k, Q u ill called on o ff-du ty subway w orkers on June 30 to scab on th e ir union brothers. The drive rs accused his “ goons” of “ r id ing shotgun” on buses tha t crossed the picket lines.

The n e x t day, d rive rs w en t back to w o rk empty-handed b u t s t i l l defiant.

study fac ilities , horseback rid ing , w ater sports and free cu ltu ra l events w i l l be featured.

The to ta l expense to students and young professionals is bu t $20 a week fo r a tw o-w eek m in ­im um stay, or $70 a month. The colonies w il l be open through Sept. 25.

Registration can be made a t a special “ Summer Colonies” office o f the IN IT in Havana. Those p lann ing the tr ip should get a S tudent Identifica tion Card from the Cuban T ouris t Commission in New Y o rk by presenting th e ir student-body card or other proof o f curren t student status so as to qu a lify fo r a 20 per cent discount on Cuban A ir lin e s fare to Havana. W ith the discount, the ro u n d -trip fare from New Y o rk is $118.08. F rom M ia m i i t ’s $29.80 round tr ip .

Spanish-language students and students of la tin -A m e ric a n cu l­tu re w il l also be interested in a special sum m er course a t the U n ive rs ity o f Havana fro m Ju ly 18 to A ugust 26, w ith fu l l u n i­ve rs ity credits given fo r e ither elementally Spanish or advanced language and h is to ry courses, in ­c lud ing a course on the Cuban revo lu tion .

F u ll tu itio n is approxim ate ly $46 and special arrangements w ith a nearby hote l and cafeteria w il l keep liv in g costs down to $5 a day.

For summer colony reserva­tions or fu r th e r in fo rm a tion on the colonies or summer courses, w r ite to: Jose Puente Blanco, IN IT S tudent Trave l, Calle Linea 4, Vedado, Habana, Cuba.

A d v e rt is e m e n t

JUST OFF TH E PRESS

Too Many Babies?A New Pamphlet

by Joseph HansenA M a rx is t answer to some

fr ig h te n in g questions: Is a “ population explosion” the w o rld ’s m ain danger? W ill our p lanet become too crow d­ed to stand on? W ill mass s te riliza tion help to stamp out hunger?

48-pages 25

Pioneer Publishers 116 University Place New York 3. N . Y.

Fighting Polio PaysSome people have been w o rry in g about racketeers

m oving in on fund-ra is ing charities to line th e ir pockets. They needn’t w o rry undu ly , though. I f the S ister K enny polio foundation in M inneapolis is an example, the charities are already m ilked so heav ily by the leg itim a te people runn ing them tha t there is no th ing le ft fo r the crooks to take.

Accord ing to a r epor t made pub lic June 27 by Minnesota A tto rney General W a lte r M on- dale, some o f the best people in M inneapolis are on the receiving end o f the S ister K enny polio foundation ’s fund.

D ire c tly invo lved in the at- torney-general’s revelations thus fa r are fo rm e r M inneapolis m ayor M a rv in K le in , who re ­cently resigned as the $48,000-a- year d irec to r of the foundation b e c a u s e of ill-h e a lth ” ; Fred Fadell, a local pub lic re lations agent; and the New C entury Corporation, a Chicago m a iling house.

Mondale’s report states: “ I t appears, in sum m ary, th a t M r.K le in dominated and contro lled the management of the affa irs o f the foundation to an exten t tha t he was enabled to derive uncon­scionable personal pro fits from his position.”

The report cites figures on the amount of money spent on m a il appeals fo r contribu tions to ca rry on the founda tion ’s w o rk and on the am ount the founda­tion netted f rom the appeal a fte r those invo lved got th e ir cut.

In 1956. for example, con- iribuiions to the fall fund ap­peal totaled $1,542,000. But the foundation got a net of $23,738 — 1 1/2 per cent of the gross.

The 98 1/2 per cent o f the in ­come tha t w ent fo r “ expenses” d id n ’t ju s t include h igh postal rates. A ccord ing to the a ttorney general, the Chicago m a iling firm paid Fadell, the local pub­lic re lations man, a to ta l o f $344,000 in fees over a five-year period.

Tha t cash, in tu rn , d id n ’t a ll Stay w ith the pub lic re la tions firm . Mondale says th a t f r om 1952 to 1956, Fade ll paid out $113,000 to ex-m ayor K le in .There were no w rit te n reports o f these payments and they

ceased a fte r being noted b y an in te rna l revenue agent. The checks had been made payable to “ Mar v in K le in , consulting en­gineer.”

Man Who Came to Dinner

B u t Fade ll’s contribu tions to K le in apparently w e ren 't pure cha rity e ither. Accord ing to the report, w h ile the pub lic re la tions firm was being paid a handsome fee by the Chicago m a iling house it was also occupying office space ren t-free a t the Sister. K enny founda tion ’s headquar­ters. Fadell was so com plete ly at home there th a t he and tw o o f h is staff became members of the founda tion ’s employees’ re ­tirem en t plan.

K le in was also included in the re tirem ent plan. B u t he d idn ’t seem to be re ly in g on a pension to p rovide fo r his old age. F ig - ui'es in the state report show th a t from 1946 to 1959 he received financia l benefits in various form s f r om the foundation to ta l­ing $778,013.18. ’

In 1955, “ an executive d irec- to r ’s contingent expense fu n d ” o f $7,500 pe r annum was estab­lished to be used at his disci'e- tion , w ith no item iza tion re ­quired.

In 1957, the tax men ru led tha t a substantia l portion o f th is was used fo r his pu re ly personal expenses and was therefore ta x ­able income. K le in then cut th e am ount he drew.

The a tto rney general says th a t in add ition to expenditures out o f the contingent fund, some of K le in ’s obviously personal ex­penses were paid by the founda­tion. The l is t includes tow n and coun try c lub fees, a go lf cart,- cigarettes, liq u o r, ha ircu ts and massages.

A nd , the repo rt adds, “Large amounts o f trave l expenses fo r K le in , numerous members o f the sta ff o f the foundation and members o f the board o f directors

and the executive com m it­tee were paid by the foundation, inc lud ing tr ip s to A ustra lia , South Am erica and Europe . . . and a tr ip to Russia fo r K le in .”

It's Special During Election

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Hospital W orkers In Twin Cities Face Stiff FightEditor:

The hospita l w orkers are p rob­ab ly the most exploited and lo w ­est-paid in the country. More than 600,000 people w o rk in hos­p ita ls bu t less than 10,000 hospi­ta l w orkers are organized in un ­ions. A m a jo rity of these are in the B u ild in g Service Employees In te rna tiona l Union. A big ma­jo r ity of the hospita l w orkers are women (m any o f them w ith ch ildren), who are forced by necessity to w ork . Some arc paid as low as 65 cents an hour fo r seven days a week.

The hospitals cla im to be “ charitable, non -p ro fit” in s titu ­tions. B u t the rates they charge make th a t c la im a lo t o f non­sense.

The hospita l w orkers of M in ­neapolis and Sain t Paul are o r­ganized in the B u ild in g Service U nion w ith a membership o f 2,- 500. Because of a state la w ou t­law ing strikes in hospitals, we are forced in to compulsory a rb i­tra tion . The hospitals and' the

union are now in a rb itra tion hearings on a new contract.

The bosses are figh ting a ll the way against any im provem ent in wages, hours and conditions. B u t the ir b ig figh t seems to be against the health and w e lfa re fund w hich the union controls. The hospitals w ould like to get us back in to the B lue Cross, w hich they control.

The bosses are using every tr ic k in the book to d iscred it the union, break up negotiations and provoke an u n la w fu l strike. They hate our business agent and w ould love to get r id of him . B u t he gets th ings fo r the w o rk ­ers, so the members support h im .

Last week the N orth M em orial Hospita l adm in is tra to r walked out o f the hearings, saying he w ou ldn ’t re tu rn u n til the busi­ness agent, Norman Carle, apolo­gized fo r using “ abusive” la n ­guage. Carle said the only apology he has to make is to the hospital w orkers fo r having to w ork under such a man.

The figh t started when the hospital tr ied to stop the w o rk ­ers from w earing th e ir union pins on the job. They said “ je w e lry ” isn’t a llowed. Carle said the union pins are not un- hygenic. We’re w a fting fo r ne­gotiations to resume.

A Hospital Worker Minneapolis

The Editor W rites OneGeneral Supt. of Mails San Francisco, Calif.Dear Sir:

I am enclosing you r form , dated June 15, 1960, w h ich you sent me, in fo rm ing me tha t you are ho ld ing in you r post office 52 issues of the Peking Review and tha t they w il l be “ disposed of as nonm ailable u n d e r the la w ” unless I re tu rn your fo rm to you w ith in 15 days “ from the date stamped hereon.”

The form , w h ich I received today, has been p roperly filled out, I hope. I also hope tha t i t reaches you in tim e to dissuade you from disposing of m y m ail as “ nonm ailable.”

I w ish to take th is opportun ity to em phatica lly protest the cen­sorship w h ich the post office ex­ercises over th is type of m ail. Such censorship is in the tra d i­tion of the to ta lita r ia n regimes. I t has no place in Am erica. Y our du ty, I believe, is to de live r any m a il addressed to me, not to read i t and then decide w hether i t is f i t fo r me to receive.

I trus t th a t you w il l fo rw ard m y protest to the proper au­thorities.

Joseph Hansen Editor, the M ilitant

CC to Peking Review

"Thy W ill Be Done"By Muriel Symington

Invocation o f a rea lis tic sky p ilo t opening the Dem ocratic or Republican convention in the summer o f 1960:

“ Oh Lo rd ! Thou Who (I fear) know est the innerm ost thoughts o f our hearts before our tongues can give them utterance, Thou facest again the dual quadrennia l test o f T hy in ­fin ite patience.

“ G ive these sweating, conniv ing delegates, the m a jo rity o f whom, w ith brassy insensitive­ness, call themselves T hy servants, the grace to re fra in fro m insu lting T hy in te lligence by rending the a ir and w asting radio and te le ­vis ion tim e w ith th e ir custom ary ‘sound and fu ry , s ign ify ing no th ing.’

“ As Thou w il t be w atch ing over the shabby maneuvers in th e ir sm oke-filled hote l suites, Thou m ust sure ly count i t as the deepest blasphemy th e ir c la im to have been made in T hy image!

“ In a tr iu m p h o f hope over experience, I

beg Thee to perfo rm one more M iracle. T rans­fo rm , we beseech Thee, the S p ir it and P u r­pose w h ich animates so m any of these dele­gates. Open th e ir eyes and sharpen th e ir hear­ing to the w isdom of the enlightened m in o rity among them. Insp ire them to nom inate a can­didate who, i f elected, is endowed w ith the in te llec tua l and sp iritu a l qua lities to meet the supreme challenge now confron ting our nation and the w orld .

“ B u t i f to effect th is be not in harm ony w ith T hy plan, I, Thy hum ble servant, can on ly say ‘Thy W ill Be Done’ and declare these deliberations opened w ith the somber words of Dante, th a t connoisseur o f H e ll — ‘Abandon hope a ll ye who enter here.’ Or, perhaps, hav­ing regard to the in te lle c tua l level o f so m any here assembled (and saving Y our Presence), i t w ou ld be m ore appropria te to conclude th is invocation and speed them on th e ir w ay w ith the sim ple bu t v iv id co lloqu ia lism — ‘NUTS.’ ”

Who's Cot the Rats?By Marvel Scholl

“ Rats, Rats, W ho’s Got the Rats?”This could be the theme song fo r a cu rren t

controversy between N ew Y o rk C ity ’s De­partm ent o f B u ild ings and its H ealth D epart­ment.

I t seems th a t some years ago, when the vast dem olition o f bu ild ings in N ew Y o rk first, began, somebody remembered th a t when bu ild ings are to rn down th e ra t population also faces a housing problem — a problem w h ich they solve ve ry easily by m oving in to adjacent bu ild ings w ith th e ir re latives. Need­less to say, w ith the ra p id ity rats reproduce, th is causes some overcrowding.

So a m otion was passed somewhere tha t before a p e rm it could be issued fo r the de­struction o f a bu ild ing , the perm ittee had to present a statem ent th a t the rats “ had been taken care o f.” The m otion also provided tha t these certificates (ye llow ) be sent to the H ealth Departm ent.

T im e w ent on and 8,000 bu ild ings were to rn down. Then apparently someone in the D epartm ent o f B u ild ings got curious about w ha t the H ealth D epartm ent was doing w ith

the ye llow slips — i f anyth ing. The in ten tion of the o rig in a l m otion was apparently to a lert the H ea lth D epartm ent about the menace of m oving rats.

In q u iry a t the H ea lth D epartm ent brought b lank stares o f dismay. They had never seen any ye llow slips. They knew noth ing about the m illions o f rats w h ich had been rehoused — “ taken care o f” much be tte r than the humans who had been evicted, in fact.

Investigation revealed a ll 8,000 ye llow slips in the office o f the S an ita tion Engineers — stacked up gathering dust.

A spokesman fo r the Sanitation Engineers was qu ite adamant about the w hole th ing.

“ Rats are no t our ju risd ic tion . They belong to the H ea lth D epartm ent.”

We w il l keep care fu l w atch over th is ju r is ­d ic tiona l dispute and repo rt from tim e to time. M eanw hile we sincerely hope th a t the cer­tificates ind ica ting th a t the rats have been “ taken care o f” means they have been destroy­ed — b u t being residents o f th is Summer Paradise we are a b it cynical. I t is more lik e ly th a t i t ju s t means the rats found new homes — as the humans could »not.

"S P IR ITU A L" IN TE G R A TIO N — InFebruary 1956, the press reported th a t New Orleans C atholic schools were about to be integrated. The assumption was based on a statem ent by A rchbishop Joseph Rum m el who said: “ Racial segregation is m o ra lly w rong and s in fu l . . . a step removed from slavery.” In J u ly 1956, Rum m el said tha t: “ certa in d i f f i ­cu lties” made i t necessary to postpone C atholic school in tegra tion “ at least u n til September 1957.” A nd in J u ly 1960, he declared: “ . . . in ­teg ra tion in education m ust come . . . Just w hen i t w il l come is ve ry d iff ic u lt to forecast . . . b u t ce rta in ly as fa r as the parochial schools are concerned . . . tha t tim e w il l not be la te r than when the pub lic schools are in te ­grated. In the meantim e the church w il l con­tinue to declare and m a in ta in the correctness fro m the sp ir itu a l and m oral s tandpoint of in teg ra tion . . . ”

* # *THOSE CHICAGO COPS — U.S. Customs

Agents report they trapped a Chicago cop w ith 80 pounds o f m arijuana smuggled in from Mexico.

* * *

H ITLE R 'S M ETHO D — The noted psy­ch ia tris t, D r. K a r l M enninger, has urged an end to the “ irra tio n a l r itu a l” o f capita l pun­ishment. “ We do a lo t of finger-po in ting at A do lph H it le r fo r disposing o f unwanted peo­ple by p u ttin g them in to gas chambers,” he said, “ bu t we p u t unwanted people in to them one by one.”

* * *

R EB ELLIO N FRO M ABOVE — Most New Yorkers who own cars knock themselves out try in g to find street pa rk ing space. B u t C ity Councilm an Joseph Sharkey is waging a battle on a d iffe ren t fron t. As C ounty Democratic leader, he is provided w ith the use o f a k in g ­sized Cadillac. I t ’s so b ig th a t tw o park ing lo ts recently refused to accept his business. W hereupon M r. Sharkey in troduced an amend­m ent to the c ity code requ iring garages andp a rk in g lots to accept cars regardless of size.

* * *

R A D IA T IO N V IC T IM S — E igh t fo rm er Workers at the Atomic Energy Commission

plan t a t Oak Ridge, Tenn., have filed damage suits against the federal governm ent fo r severe in ju rie s incurred when they were exposed to rad ia tion in a production accident tw o years ago. ' F ive o f the men repo rt they are now sterile. O ther in ju ries include progressively fa ilin g eyesight, a general w eakening o f the bodies, s tiffen ing o f the jo in ts, fa llin g ha ir, in ­somnia and loss o f equ ilib rium .

• * *

B ULLS D O N 'T L IK E T H A T COLOR —A group o f Sa in t Paul high-school seniors took a tr ip to Washington to celebrate th e ir gradua­tion. Each bus load was given a color to help reassemble the group. W hen a fte r tou ring the W hite House the students were re tu rn in g to th e ir buses, one g ir l stood in fro n t of hers w ith a large placard saying, “ Red.” A W h ite House guard advised her: “ You’l l have to move on, Miss. No po litica l demonstrations are allowedon the W hite House grounds.”

* * •

M A DISO N A VEN UE D R EA M — “ T h in k o f the s tir tha t w ou ld develop i f Picasso or Chagall o r D a li created a pa in ting fo r a poster suggestive o f the Grand Canyon or Y e llo w ­stone as a vacation spot fo r motorists. L e t’ssay one o f the great autom obile companies or petro leum m arketers w ould be the sponsor. I t w ou ld become the most w id e ly discussed o u t­door advertis ing o f the century.” — F e lix W.Coste, president o f Outdoor A dvertis ing , Inc.

* * *

SO C IA LIST C AN DIDA TES DO — “ You can’t run fo r the U.S. Senate today in most states w ith o u t being a w ea lthy man or find ing ‘fa t cats’ o r pressure groups to finance the cam­paign.” — . George Romney, president, A m e ri­can Motors Corp.

* *

W HO'D OF T H U N K IT ! — A scientific sur­vey o f ch ild ren in an “ underpriv ileged” neigh­borhood in New Y o rk has revealed tha t the c h il­dren there have the same aspirations as those in more p riv ileged comm unities. According to the Bureau o f Educational Research o f the Board of Education, poor ch ild ren seek a life as average, respected citizens w ith steady in­comes.

t h e MILITANTVOLUME X X IV MONDAY. JULY 11 & 18, 1960 NUMBER 28

. . . Reply to an Attack on SWP(Continued from Page 1)

issue or seek to influence or seek to inflame the student pickets. This d id not occur although there were some periods when some people were qu ite w o r­ried .”

False and Ridiculous

That was Professor L ipse tt’s com m entary of May 26. Now the image given here o f the behavior or po licy of the Socialist W ork ­ers party is false and rid iculous. I t hasn’t got the slightest re ­semblance to the tru th , and i f Professor L ipse tt rea lly wanted to know the po licy of the Social-* ist W orkers party re la tive to stu ­dent demonstrations or anyth ing else fo r tha t m atter, he had m erely to "go to a public phone booth, find the num ber of the party in the San Francisco phone d irectory, call and receive the in fo rm ation. Dr, he could have picked up a copy of the M ilita n t, a w eekly newspaper on sale at the p rinc ipa l newsstands and news racks around the Bay Area.

A w ord on the background to a ll this. Last summer when the House U n-Am erican A c tiv itie s Com m ittee announced its in ten­tion to come to the Bay Area, a com m ittee was form ed fo r the purpose o f defense and protest. Members o f the Socialist W ork ­ers pa rty were inv ited to p a rti­cipate and d id partic ipa te in tha t com m ittee’s form ation, and at pub lic meetings of tha t body made perfectly clear the position o f the pa rty on w hat was to be done about the appearance of the House committee.

The SWP proposed tha t the statement of purposes should in ­clude the basic idea tha t the House U n-Am erican A c tiv itie s Committee should be abolished and tha t a general call be made to the interested pub lic to come down in numbers to the hearing location and show its d is like fo r the House committee.

Some of our libe ra l friends disagreed w ith the proposal ca ll­ing fo r the abo lition o f the House U n-Am erican A c tiv itie s Com­m ittee. They argued long and w e a rily on the constitu tiona l m atter th a t was involved, and they opposed a large p icke t line because in th e ir opinion th is w ould alienate possible public support.

These disagreements plus the uncerta in ty o f the House com­m ittee ’s appearance served to dissolve th is ad hoc fo rm ation .

Students Did the Job

When a month ago, the House committee set a new date fo r its v is it to San Francisco, a num ber of groups im m edia te ly began the organization of some k ind of protest. B u t it remained fo r the students to do the job and by common assent they d id a mag­n ificen t job and as so often hap­pens they were ahead o f the ir own organizations, th e ir leaders and th e ir elders generally.

One on ly had to read the le t­te r columns of the D a ily C a li­forn ian, the S tanford D a ily and other college papers before the demonstration to realize the in ­tensity of feeling tha t was being generated over th is issue. I t was obvious that student opinion was sh iftin g and c rys ta lliz ing in op­position to the obscene spectacle of the House U n-Am erican A c ­tiv itie s Committee.

A nd the most im portan t th ing o f a ll, the students d id no t fa ll fo r t hat deception of m erely p rotesting the House com m it­tee’s method, w h ile assenting to its existence, and fu rth e r, they realized tha t a serious protest is effective in d irect ra tio to its size. They wanted a large tu rn ­out and they resisted a ll sugges­tions of a token appearance. They were righ t, dead righ t. They d id n 't need any self-ap­pointed po litica l experts or p ro ­fessional organizers to advise, them.

It is now being said by some tha t i f the students had made more clear tha t they were a n ti­comm unist, the police w ould not have attacked them as they did. This rem inds me o f the W all S treet s tr ike some years ago. The clerks of W a ll S treet were on s tr ike and were not getting very fa r when they called upon the S e a f a r e r s ' In te rna tiona l Union, which had its headquar­ters nearby, to lend a hand. The union sent down a num ber of squads of seamen w ho were on the beach at the tim e to give these young people some help. This gave the clerks’ figh t pow ­e rfu l re inforcem ent and a d ra ­m atic tw is t w hich in tu rn brought about a great deal of nervous m u tte ring and s tu tte r­ing in the brokerage offices down there about an invasion of “ communists.”

A ll Alike

Now, the Seafarers p roud ly proclaim s its “ m ilita n t a n ti­comm unism” and in fact w i l l not pe rm it a “ com m unist” to jo in its organization. So you can im ­agine the ind ignation of these seamen when the police armed with clubs descended upon the

When students gathered at San Francisco's City H all May 13 to peacefully protest witch-hunting by the House Com­mittee on Un-American Activities, they were met by a fierce police attack. Here students are being washed down a marble staircase by firehoses. A number of people were badly injured by policemen's clubs.

p icket line and w ent to w o rk on these seamen ca lling them “ com­mies” at the same tim e. One devout Irish-C atho lic sailor who was on the receiving end of a cop’s club beating a ta ttoo on his sku ll cried out, “ I ’m not a commie, I ’m an anti-com m ie.” The cop d idn ’t even pause, b rought the club down even harder, answering, “ I don’t care w hat k in d of a com m unist you are.”

Now, it is to be expected tha t everyone is ta lk ing about and analyzing the student demon­strations and tha t they tend to see in them confirm ation of then- own p o lit ica l pre jud ice and much of th is is fra n k ly ludicrous. Bu t as in every action tha t puts ideas and people to test a great deal can be learned from the events of last month. A discug- sion on th is can be very f ru it fu l and I hope the occasion presents itse lf when such a discussion can take place.

Refutes Himself

For the tim e being I w an t to make clear tha t there isn’t an ounce of tru th in the d is to rtion presented by Professor L ipse tt as fa r as i t relates to the policies or behavior of the Socialist W orkers party. Even a careful reading of the rem arks made by Professor L ipse tt w il l show tha t they contain th e ir own rebutta l.

For example, he says a fte r describing the foolish action ex­pected of the Socialist W orkers pa rty on Saturday, “ This d id not occur.” Presumably i t did not occur because of the s tr ic t o r­ganizational contro l imposed by the so-called sophisticated a n ti­communists. D id i t then occur on F riday when such organization and contro l d idn ’t exist? He says, they, the T ro tskyis ts and Communists, tha t is, “ like d w hat happened on F riday, a lthough they had noth ing to do w ith the events tha t occurred.”

How he d iv ined tha t “ they like d w hat happened on F rid a y ” is a problem fo r psychiatry, not politics. I f Professor L ipse tt’s position makes sense at a ll i t is tha t the students are basically not to be trusted. On th e ir own they become very m ilita n t and in tha t state they may behave like Trotskyists although to a ll intents and purposes there are no Trotskyists around.

There is an element o f tru th in th is insofar as any significant mass actions w hether they be student demonstrations or s trike actions by the ir very nature be­come ' m ilita n t. T he ir erstw hile leaders, the trad itiona l radical parties, the leadership of the trade unions and other bureau­cratized ins titu tions arc accus­tomed to arranging things in top p riva te negotiations and they see these movements as danger­ously unpredictable. They are firm believers in the conspirator­ial theory of h is to ry and im m e­d ia te ly s ta rt looking fo r the “ subversive” who is m isleading the ranks, and i f they can’t find one they ’l l m anufacture one.

Confidence in the Youth

The Socialist W orkers party rejects this nonsense. I t has great confidence in th is young genera­tion. I t is not th is generation who is responsible fo r the fr ig h t­fu l state of the w orld we live in ; ra ther the blame must fa ll on the shoulders of the trad itiona l lead­ership of various stripes, the so­cial - democratic, Communist, trade unionist. The Socialist Workers p a rty has been built on

the m ajor premise th a t our epoch is characterized more than anyth ing else by a crisis of lead­ership.

Professor L ipse tt speaks fu r ­the r of a danger th a t the Social­ist W orkers pa rty w ould inflame the students in action. To sug­gest tha t our p o lit ica l pa rty from the outside could inflame these youth is ra ther foolish. We o f the Socialist W orkers pa rty are very gra te fu l fo r the s p ir it shown by the youth both in the South and in the N orth . A nd i f the word “ inflam ed” is correct, we are gra te fu l fo r tha t too. Somebody has to show a l it t le s p ir it and ind ignation or we a ll face a d is­mal and sorry fu tu re .

Slanderous Impression

A nd fina lly , as to the a ttem pt 0f Professor L ipse tt to bracket the Socialist W orkers pa rty w ith the Com m unist pa rty — every person in form ed in th is fie ld knows tha t the Socialist W orkers party is sharp ly d ifferentia ted from the Com m unist pa rty , tha t the la tte r has tr ied w ith every means in its power to destroy the Socialist W orkers party . I t is slanderous to give the im pres­sion tha t the SWP has any a ffin ­ity fo r the opportun istic and d is­credited Communist party .

On a ll im portan t po litica l questions of the day, w ith the exception of the nature o f the Soviet Union, the Com m unist pa rty is more lik e ly to be in harm ony w ith the professor than w ith the SWP. This w ould be an in teresting field to explore. In m y lim ite d tim e I cannot deal w ith a ll tha t separates the SWP from a ll the other po litica l groups and parties. B u t w e have a large body of lite ra tu re tha t is available to anybody. The So­c ia lis t W orkers p a rty is at pres­ent engaged in a na tiona l elec­tion campaign. I t is appearing on the ba llo t in a num ber of states where the ba llo t ru les are more democratic. Here in C a li­fo rn ia it is asking voters to w rite in the names of F a rre ll Dobbs fo r president and M yra Tanner Weiss fo r vice-president.

Should Professor L ipsett care to argue the po in t we w ould be most happy to meet h im p u b lic ly at any place or tim e he wishes. He can then back up his state­ments w ith facts o r back down and th is is a ll tha t need be said about Professor L ipsett. Should he care to reach us he w il l find our phone num ber in the San Francisco phone d irecto ry or he can drop us a note to our office at 1145 Polk Street, San F ran ­cisco. I trust tha t we w il l hear from him . Thank you and good­n ight. .

Students Picket Legion Parley in San Francisco

SAN FRANCISCO — Students and other young people in th is area reacted v igorously when C a lifo rn ia Legion­naires roughed up fou r students p icke ting the Am erican Legion’s state convention heldJune 25-26.

The fo u r students had demon­strated th e ir so lida rity w ith Stephen Bayne, New Y o rk h igh- school student who, on graduat­ing last month, refused an Am erican Legion award because he said i t was from “ an organ i­zation I cannot respect.”

When, the four appeared w ith placards echoing Bayne's sentiment. Legionnaires rush­ed them, destroying their signs and driving them away.

Spontaneously, students from the U n ive rs ity of C a lifo rn ia and

...Racist Boycott(Continued from Page 1)

buy gas as an independent op­erator, the “ B ig Four” (G ulf, Esso, Amoco, Texaco) q u ick ly turned h im down.

A fte r a search fo r d is tr ib ­utors over a four-sta te area, M cFerren ’s tanks are s ti l l empty. W hen the small South­ern Petro leum Co. in Memphis sold h im a tanke r tru ck fu l l o f gas, a deputy sheriff, who is also a f il lin g station operator tu rned i t back a t the Somer­v ille c ity lim its .

Two weeks ago the Southern Conference Educational Fund and the N A A C P w ired protests to the “ B ig F our” na tiona l o f­fices. In replies to SCEF the o il presidents u n ifo rm ly in ­sisted th a t i t was against th e ir policies to d iscrim inate against any dealer on t he basis o f color. B u t the June 30 N ew Y o rk Post quoted a company spokesman who to ld the paper tha t the re ­sults o f an “ investigation” o r­dered by G u lf’s president show­ed “ there’s no th ing w e can do . . . and th a t’s tha t.”

Besides gas v ita l fo r fa rm tractors, the lis t o f deprivations Negroes in the tw o counties are undergoing is endless. When a new baby was added to the M cFarren tw in s th ree m on t h ago, Mrs. M cFerren h ad to be driven f i f ty m iles to Mem phis fo r de livery.

"They just tell you to pay up your bills and get an­other doctor," says a man. " I went to get some medicine for my baby, and the druggist told me he couldn't sell me anything," a woman adds.

Speaking fo r a ll, John M c­Ferren says he is not leaving: “ They m ay carry me out feet first, b u t that's the on ly way I ’l l go.” M any, he adds, can­not buy necessities even when they can be b rought in from outside; and he pleads fo r help.

C ontribu tions ( c h e c k s or money orders only, payable to the Fayette C ounty C iv ic and W elfare League o r the H ay­wood C ounty C iv ic and W el­fare League) should be sent to: John McFerren, Rt. 4, Box 135, Som erville , Tenn. (fo r Fay­ette County) and O ’D e ll Sand­ers, 307 W. M arg in , B row nsv ille , Tenn. (fo r Haywood County). C lo th ing and food are also needed.

It s Still Legal For Communists to Drive in New York

NEW YO R K, Ju ly 6 — A p ­parently there are some lim its to the w itch hunt. A state su­preme court justice ru led here today th a t Com m unist party members cannot be refused a d r iv e r ’s license because of th e ir p o lit ica l beliefs.

The ru lin g was made in the case of C om m unist pa rty leader Benjam in J. Davis who filed suit to compel the M o to r Vehicle De­partm ent to renew his license. Renewal had been denied on the ground tha t Davis had been con­v icted under the Sm ith Act.

BOSTONB oston L a b o r Forum , 295 H u n t in g ­

ton A vc .. Room 200.C HICAG O

S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a rty , 302 South Canal St., Room 210. W E 9-5044.

C L E V E L A N D S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a rty . 5511 E u c lid

Ave., Room 203. Open T h u rs . n ig h ts 8 to 10 P.M.

D E T R O IT Eugene V . Debs H a ll, 3737 W o o d -

w ard . T E m p le 1-6135.LOS A N G E LE S

Forum H a ll and M odern B ook Shop, 1702 E. 4 th S t. A N 9-4953 o r W E 5- 9238.

M IL W A U K E E 150 E a s t Juneau Ave.

M IN N E A P O L IS Socia lis t. W o rk e rs P a r ty and L a b o r

B ook S tore, 704 H ennepin A ve ., H a ll 240. F E d e ra l 2 -7781. .

N E W A R K N ew ark L a b o r Fo rum . Box 361,

N ew ark, N. J.N E W Y O R K C IT Y

M ili ta n t L a b o r Fo rum , I 16 U n iv e rs ity P la te , A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D - B E R K E L E Y P.O. B ox 341. B e rke ley I, C a lif.

P H IL A D E L P H IA M ili ta n t L a b o r F o rum and S o c ia lis t

W o rk e rs P a r ty , 1303 W . G ira rd Ave. Lec tu res and d iscu ss io ns e ve ry S a tu r­day. 8 P .M ., fo llo w e d b y open house. C a ll PO 3-5820.

SAN FR AN CISCO The M ili ta n t , 1145 P o lk S t., R oom 4.

Sat. I I A .M . to 3 P .M . Phone PR 6* 7296; i f no answ er, V A 4-2321.

S E A T T L E 1412— 18th A venue , E A 2-5554. L i ­

b ra ry , boo ks to re . tST. L O U IS

For in form ation phono M O 4-7194.

San Francisco State College m obilized to answer the Leg ion ’s goon-squad tactics. O vern igh t they mustered 150 people to demonstrate before the Legion convention Sunday m orning.

The pickets faced a real dan­ger of a mass attack by the Le­gionnaires. B u t they were w i l l ­ing to take the risk to show the Legion tha t “ This is San F ran ­cisco where our democratic r ig h t to picket is taken seriously.”

M any o f the young pickets had partic ipated in the San Q uentin v ig ils fo r C ary l Chess­man and in the huge protest ac­tion against the House C om m it­tee on U n-Am erican A ctiv ities .

The p icke ting w ent on a ll day long w ith o u t incident. The police departm ent, s t i l l sm arting under w idespread critic ism fo r its hos­ing of C ity H a ll de m o n s tra to r at the House Com m ittee hearing in May, was ev idently anxious to avoid another fracas so soon". A nd Legion leaders apparently recognized tha t a repe tition pf the scandalous S aturday a ttack w ould make i t a ll too clear w ha t brand o f “ democracy” the o u tfit is uphold ing. ..

So the delegates were compel­led to l im it themselves to verba l abuse as they passed the pickets. A nd when th e ir sessions ended! they were ordered to leave by rear and side exits to avoid the pickets who were out in frontal The sneak departure was reminiscent

of the w ay the House U n | Am erican Committee mem ber slipped out of the rear of C ity H a ll to avoid the mass p icke t line.

A t th e ir convention, the 4,000 delegates denounced the N AA C P fo r exposing police b ru ta lity in Los Angeles, praised the Sap Francisco cops fo r the ir a ttack on the students at C ity H a ll and blasted the N ational Broadcast­ing Company fo r te lev is ing the story o f the fram e-up o f Sacco and Vanzetti.

Said the Legionnaires: The Saeco-Vanzetti “ tr ia l and subse­quent proceedings constitute one of the b rig h t spots in Am erican ju d ic ia l h is to ry .”

Scholastic Standards 'A n estimated 90,000 teachers

in the nation — one o f every fourteen in service — hold emergency or substandard cer­tificates because o f the shortage o f qualified instructors. Teaching

salaries have lagged fa r be­h ind ris ing liv in g costs.

P H ILA D E L P H IA Farrell Dobbs, Socialist W o rk ­

ers presidentia l nominee w il l be in te rv iew ed by Frank Ford on WPEN, 950 on you r d ia l, m id ­n igh t, Friday, July 15.

Saturday, July 16, 8 p.m. Dobbs speaks on "The Cuban Revolution As I Saw It." M il i ­tan t Labor Forum , 1303 W. Girard Ave., second floor.

Eastern Pennsylvania Picnic, Sunday July 17. F a rre ll Dobbs, guest of honor. For in fo rm ation w rite to address above or phone BA 9-2426.

•CHICAGO

Myra Tanner Weiss, Socialist W orkers candidate fo r vice- president speaks on "Peace and the Summit Collapse" on Sat­urday, July 23, 8:15 p.m. F ine A rts B u ild in g 410 S. Michigan Avenue, Room 812. C ontrib., 90 cents; students 25 cents. Ausp.,M ilita n t Labor Forum.

* * *i

"The Message of the South"— A panel discussion on the South­ern sit-ins. Partic ipants: Myra Tanner Weiss, SWP vice-presi­dentia l candidate; Rev. Joseph P. King, President, W ashington Park Forum ; Rev. W illiam T. Baird, 1952 Illin o is Progressive pa rty com m itteem an; Eugene Feldman, editor, Southern News­le tte r; Perry Cartwright, busi­ness manager, Southern News­le tte r. Tuesday, July 26, 7:3b p.m. Hyde Park Co-op. 54th and Harper. C ontrib., 75 cents; s tu ­dents, 25 cents. Ausp., Hyde Park Labor Forum.

•LOS ANGELES

A Marxist Study of Today's Capitalist Economy, based on Paul B a r a n ’ s, The P o litica l Economy of G row th. Tuesday, July 19, 8 p.m.: “ Underconsump­tion and O verproduction.” Lec­tu re r Theodore Edwards. Forum H all, 1702 East 4th St. Ausp. School of In te rna tiona l Social­ism.