Socialist Standard March 2012

8/2/2019 Socialist Standard March 2012

1/24=\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>


2/24> \ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

\TN\L^KQSKIO I^CD^\|eitjc nd |dos si sed mcc~d|| mnipd/^MSD\7 Iod {dm~ |tn|l~kqskio %oi~hmj ~msd+=4/ Iod {dm~ |tn|l~kqskio %jiv)tovmfdc+ =1/Dt~iqd ~msd >1 %Mk~ hmkj+/ ^d|s i` vi~jc >4%Mk~ hmkj+/ Pijtosm~{ |tqqi~sd~| |tn|l~kqskio>1 i~ hi~d/ Led}td| qm{mnjd si Sed \ilkmjk|sQm~s{ i` F~dms N~ksmko/

HM^LE >1=>

|ilkmjk|s|smocm~c

liosdos|@DMST^D\

Mqqjd* @iulioo moc SedkLioih{

=1

Mqqjd moc sed F~dmsLekod|d Smbd(Mvm{

= =;

^dpkdv| >1

Q~iqd~ Fmocd~ >=

Hddskof| >>

Mlskio ^dqjm{ >3

@~dd Jtole >3

Sed odus hddskof i` sed Dudltskpd Lihhkssddvkjj nd io \mst~cm{ 6 Mq~kj ms sed mcc~d||mnipd/ Li~~d|qiocdold |eitjc nd |dos sised Fdod~mj \dl~dsm~{/ Mjj m~skljd|* jdssd~|moc oiskld| |eitjc nd |dos si sed Dcksi~kmjLihhkssdd/

Sed \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{

4> Ljmqemh Ekfe \s~dds*Jiocio \V3 6TOSdj7 1>16 0>> ocVdcod|cm{ 0/ Ljmqemh Ekfe \s*\V3 6TO/ Sdj7 1>1 60>> 4 Ndoodss| Ekjj* Nk~hkofemh N> 4^D/

Sdj7 Sio{ Fjtlb 1=>3> >1C[/ Sdj7 1=;= 4>= 10;1/Dhmkj7 cmpdgdvdjjAnt|ekosd~ods/lih

OI^SEVD\S

Jmolm|sd~ n~mole/ Hdds| dpd~{ Hiocm{5/3 = 6JN/

Sdj7 1=0= 501 6=5;Nijsio/ Sdj7 E/ HlJmtfejko/ 1=>13 53345;Lthn~km/ N~docmo Lthhkof|* =; ]tddo\s* Hkjjih* Lthn~km JM=5 3NFLm~jk|jd7 ind~s Veksdjc/Dhmkj7 ~dvln~=0>=Sichi~cdo7 Bdkse \leijd{* = Jddpkdv Ls*Vkoc|i~ c* IJ=3 4JG/ Sdj7 1=610 5=3 =3;

\ITSE)\ITSEDM\S)\ITSEVD\SBdos moc \t||du ^dfkiomj N~mole/ QmtjEiqd* >5 Lemòle Lji|d* Lemsemh HD46^F/ Dhmkj7 qmtjpeiqdAnjtd{iocd~/li/tb

Sdj7 16546 645 000/\itse Vd|s ^dfkiomj n~mole/ Hdds| dpd~{hiose* \mst~cm{ m`sd~oiio* ko \mjk|nt~{/\emod ind~s|* 50 Ekfe \s~dds* N~k|sij N\40CO/ Sdj7 1==6 ;4===;;Lmosd~nt~{/ in Liu* 3 \smoeiqd imc*Cdmj* Bdos* LS=3 0MNJtsio/ Oklb Veksd* 4; Ed{viic C~kpd* JT>

6JQ^dc~tse/ Em~~{ \ivcdo* 4 Ljm~dold Pkjjm|*^dc~tse* Li~ovmjj* S^=4 =QN/

Sdj7 1=>1; >=;>;1DU/ o/cdtswAnskosd~ods/lihCmpkc Qi~sd~* Dm|seijhd* Nt|e C~kpd*Dlljd|(io(\dm* O^=> 1\@/

Sdj7 1=0;> 45>4/

\LISJMOCDckont~fe n~mole/ Hdds|=|s Set~/ 6/11(;/11qh/ Sed ]tmbd~ Emjj* Pklsi~km Sd~~mld%mnipd Pklsi~km \s~dds+* Dckont~fe/

G/ Hik~/ Sdj7 1=;/`~dd|d~pd/li/tb N~molevdn|ksd7essq7))fdilkskd|/lih)dckont~fen~mole)Fjm|fiv n~mole/ Hdds| Gmqmo/ Hklemdj/ Dhmkj7vi~jc|ilkmjk|hgmqmoAeishmkj/lih/DTÎQDCdohm~b/ F~memh Sm{ji~* Bgmd~|jtoc ;*

ii~ > %hkccjd+* CB(5>01 Pkn{ GFd~hmo{/ Oi~nd~s/D(hmkj7 vdjs|iwkmjk|ht|Afhu/odsOi~vm{/ înd~s \sm`ì~c/Dhmkj7 emjjnjksedA{meii/lihKsmj{/ Fkmo Hm~km @~dcck* Lm|djjm Qi|smjd o/>5/* l)i Mf/ QS P^ =6* )< Qtd~sm M* =11 Hmowmom~d|/

LIHQMOKIO QM^SKD\ IPD^\DM\Vi~jc \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{ i` Mt|s~mjkm/Q/ I/ Niu =>00 Oi~se klehioc =*Pklsi~km* Mt|s~mjkm/Dhmkj7 lihhioivod~|ekqA{meii/lih/mt\ilkmjk|s Qm~s{ i` Lmomcm)Qm~sk \ilkmjk|sdct Lmomcm/ Niu 3>51* Pklsi~km N/L/ P5U;* Mtlbjmoc* OK* Odv Wdmjmoc/Vi~jc \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{ i` sed Toksdc\smsd| Q/I/ Niu 331>36* Ni|sio* HM1>=33 T\M/Dhmkj7 ni|sioAv|qt|/i~f

Liosmls Cdsmkj|


3/241=>

@IJJIVKOF SED >1=1 Fdod~mj Djdlskio* sed odv fipd~ohdosqtnjk|edc sed Lio|d~pmskpd( Jknd~mj Cdhil~ms Limjkskio Mf~dd(

hdos/ Ko sek| kokskmj qijkl{ cilthdos vd~d q~iqi|mj| si ~dì~h

nmobkof* vekle |smsdc7 Vd vkjj n~kof i~vm~c cdsmkjdc q~iqi|mj|

ì~ ~int|s mlskio si smlbjd tomlldqsmnjd niot|d| ko sed omolkmj

|d~pkld| |dlsi~/// Nts vems k| mo tomlldqsmnjd niot|9

\eitjc ^N\ nmob ni|| \sdqedo Ed|sd~ empd nddo ì~ldc

kosi vmkpkof mjj ek| niot|* vi~se mjhi|s m hkjjkio qitoc|9 K| ksibm{ sems Nm~ljm{| Nmob Lekd` Dudltskpd Nin Ckmhioc k| fds(

skof m niot| d|skhmsdc si nd m~itoc >hkjjkio7 i~ |eitjc ks nd

jd||9 Sed sismj mhitos i` niot|d| si nd |em~dc its m~itoc

sed Lks{ ì~ sed >1==(>1=> qd~kic k| 3/> nkjjkio sems| >/4nojd|| semo ko >1=1(>1== nts qdmots| lihqm~dc vkse q~is| sems

lmqksmjk|s ~h| ~mbd ko/ K| sems |skjj sii htle9 Vems |eitjc sed

mhitos nd9

Vedo ks lihd| si mo|vd~kof }td|skio| jkbd sed|d* si qm~m(qe~m|d êdss Ntsjd~* `~mobj{* mo{ |ilkmjk|s i~ ~kfes(sekobkof qd~(

|io vios fkpd m cmho/ Ois mnits sed f~ddc moc f~i|| kod}tmj(

ks{* nts mnits s~{kof si lihd tq vkse qmjmsmnjd ~dì~h|/

Eiv htle nmobd~| fds qmkc lihqm~dc si sdmled~|* ot~|d| i~

~d`t|d lijjdlsi~| k| m ck|s~mlskio `~ih sed ~dmj q~injdh* vekle k|

sems m sko{ hkoi~ks{ empd m ~kfes si ivo pksmj omst~mj ~d|it~ld|

moc koct|s~kmj m||ds| sems q~ipkcd sed hmgi~ks{ vkse mjj i` sedq~ictls| moc |d~pkld| sems hmbd jk`d qi||knjd moc mlldqsmnjd

moc ioj{ mjjiv sei|d ~d|it~ld| si nd t|dc k` sed~d k| m q~is ko

ks ì~ sedh/

Qijksklkmo| dolit~mfd qdiqjd kosi vmoskof* ndjkdpkof i~ eiq(

kof sems lmqksmjk|h lmo mlstmjj{ nd hmcd `mk~* vedo ks lmos/ @i~

sek| cdldqskio sed{ dhqji{ m vd~d(mjj(ko(sek|(sifdsed~ ~edsi~kl

moc ko|kold~d lmjj| ì~ ~d|qio|knjd lmqksmjk|h* qd~ì~hmold(

jkobdc qm{* pmjtd ì~ hiod{ ì~ smuqm{d~| moc ~dvm~c| ì~|tlld||* ois `mkjt~d/ ^dmlskiom~{ odv|qmqd~| moc n~imclm|s(

d~| qjm{ sedk~ qm~s ko |q~dmckof moc ~dkoì~lkof sek| tskjd ~dì~h(

k|h vkse sedk~ |ijd ìlt| io lmqksmjk|skl |i(lmjjdc |ijtskio|/ Moc

si nd |ddo io sed |kcd i` sed mt|sd~ks{(qdomjk|dc hmgi~ks{ ct~(

kof mo dlioihkl l~k|k|* qiqtjk|s dud~lk|d| m~d tocd~smbdo* jkbd

smbkof mvm{ mo du(nmobd~| bokfeseiic i~ q~d||t~k|kof m `dv

its(i`(`mpit~ dudltskpd| kosi s~it|d~kof jd|| hiod{ semo t|tmj%vekle lmo mjvm{| nd fis nmlb vedo sed edms| i``+/

K` hi|s pisd~| gt|s vmos si |dd sed qm{ moc niot|d| i` nmob(

d~| lts nmlb ndlmt|d sedk~ f~ddc edjqdc l~m|e sed dlioih{* i~

ndlmt|d sed{ cios cd|d~pd sed |kwdmnjd mhitos| sed{ fds* i~ndlmt|d sed~d| |tle m sekof m| m `mk~ q~is* sedo sed~d| odpd~

fikof si mo{ hdmokof`tj moc jm|skof q~if~d|| hmcd/ Vekjd lmqk(

smjk|h lm~~kd| io* sed~djj mjvm{| nd vkcd|q~dmc kod}tmjks{ ko

kolihd| moc jkpkof |smocm~c| ndlmt|d lmqksmjk|h k| k~~dpd~|knj{m |{|sdh sems duqjiks| sed hmo{ si ndods m `dv/ Mjvm{| em|

nddo/ Mjvm{| vkjj nd/

Sed mjsd~omskpd m ljm||jd||* hiod{jd|| |ilkmjk|s |ilkds{ k|

mlstmjj{ pd~{ dm|{ si mlekdpd moc hmkosmko/ M ljdm~ hmgi~ks{ gt|s

boivkof vems ks k| moc vmoskof ks lmo n~kof ks mnits/ Moc m|

m htle hi~d d`lkdos* tovm|sd`tj moc tolihqjklmsdc |{|sdh*

lihqm~dc si sed q~d|dos iod* bddqkof ks fikof ld~smkoj{ k|os fi(kof si nd m q~injdh %ois |ihdsekof sems lmo oiv nd |mkc mnits

itscmsdc* `mkjkof lmqksmjk|h+/

\ddbkof si ~dì~h sed niot| ltjst~d vkjj mlekdpd oisekof nd(

lmt|d lmqksmjk|h lmo odpd~ nd hmcd okld/ Ks ioj{ se~kpd| io kod(

}tmjks{* ~tsejd||od|| moc |dj|eod||/ Ioj{ lihqjdsdj{ ~dqjmlkof

lmqksmjk|h vkse ~dmj |ilkmjk|h vkjj qd~hmodosj{ doc sed ck|ft|skof

kod}tmjks{ moc f~ddc |ddo ko sed q~d|dos ljm||(ckpkcdc |ilkds{/

Sed \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{ k| jkbd oi ised~ qijksklmj

qm~s{ ko N~ksmko/ Ks k| hmcd tq i` qdiqjd vei

empd gikodc sifdsed~ ndlmt|d vd vmos si

fds ~kc i` sed q~is |{|sdh moc d|smnjk|e

~dmj |ilkmjk|h/ It~ mkh k| si qd~|tmcd

ised~| si ndlihd |ilkmjk|s moc mls ì~

sedh|djpd|* i~fmok|kof cdhil~msklmjj{

moc vkseits jdmcd~|* si n~kof mnits sedbkoc i` |ilkds{ sems vd m~d mcpilmskof

ko sek| git~omj/ Vd m~d |ijdj{ liold~odc

vkse ntkjckof m hipdhdos i` |ilkmjk|s| ì~

|ilkmjk|h/ Vd m~d ois m ~dì~hk|s qm~s{

vkse m q~if~mhhd i` qijklkd| si qmsle tq

lmqksmjk|h/

Vd t|d dpd~{ qi||knjd iqqi~stoks{

si hmbd odv |ilkmjk|s|/ Vd qtnjk|e

qmhqejds| moc niib|* m| vdjj m| LC|*

CPC| moc pm~kit| ised~ koì~hmskpd

hmsd~kmj/ Vd mj|i fkpd smjb| moc smbd

qm~s ko cdnmsd|2 mssdoc ~mjjkd|* hddskof|

moc cdhi|2 ~to dctlmskiomj lio`d~dold|2

ei|s kosd~ods ck|lt||kio ì~th|* hmbd

jh| q~d|doskof it~ kcdm|* moc liosd|sdjdlskio| vedo q~mlsklmj/ \ilkmjk|s

jksd~mst~d k| mpmkjmnjd ko M~mnkl* Ndofmjk*

Ctsle* D|qd~mosi* @~dole* Fd~hmo*

Ksmjkmo* Qijk|e* \qmok|e* \vdck|e moc

St~bk|e m| vdjj m| Dofjk|e/

Sed hi~d i` {it vei giko sed \ilkmjk|s

Qm~s{ sed hi~d vd vkjj nd mnjd si fds it~

kcdm| ml~i||* sed hi~d duqd~kdold| vd

vkjj nd mnjd si c~mv io moc f~dmsd~ vkjj nd

sed odv kcdm| ì~ ntkjckof sed hipdhdos

vekle {it vkjj nd mnjd si n~kof t|/

Sed \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{ k| mo i~fmok|mskio i`

d}tmj|/ Sed~d k| oi jdmcd~ moc sed~d m~d

oi ìjjivd~|/ \i* k` {it m~d fikof si giko

vd vmos {it si nd |t~d sems {it mf~dd`tjj{ vkse vems vd |smoc ì~ moc sems vd

m~d |msk|dc sems {it tocd~|smoc sed

lm|d i~ |ilkmjk|h/

K` {it vitjc jkbd hi~d cdsmkj| mnits

Sed \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{* lihqjdsd moc

~dst~o sed ì~h io qmfd >1=>

Kos~ictlkof Sed \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{


4/243 \ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

MLSM i` Cd|qd~mskioIod i` sed hi~d hdhi~mnjd gibd| ko Citfjm| Mcmh|

Eksleekbd~| Ftkcd si sed Fmjmu{ vm| sed iod mnits sed|tqd~lihqtsd~ vekle* io ndkof m|bdc sed hdmokof i` jk`d*

|tqqjkdc sed mo|vd~ 3>/ Iod i` lmqksmjk|h| hi|s q~iìtoc

kjjifklmjkskd| k| ks| lio|smos oddc si ~docd~ to}tmoskmnjd sekof|

jkbd boivjdcfd ( ko hiodsm~{ sd~h| |i sems ks| ndmolitosd~|

lmo ci sedk~ |th| q~iqd~j{/ Ks| sed |mhd gibd* ioj{ mllitosmos|

cios fds sed jmtfe|/

OM\M k| qtjjkof its i` ks| mf~ddhdos vkse sed Dt~iqdmo \qmldMfdol{ ipd~ sed qjmoodc DuiHm~| îpd~ q~if~mhhd* lkskof

jmlb i` `toc|/ Ks em| mj~dmc{ ldm|dc |tqqj{kof sed Kosd~omskiomj\qmld \smskio/ Fkpdo sems sed K\\ k| sed hi|s duqdo|kpd sekof

dpd~ si empd nddo ntkjs n{ ethmo ndkof|* sek| |ddh| ~msed~

jkbd |qikjkof sed |qmld|ekq ì~ m emqi~se i` sm~* nts sed~d| m

|jthq io moc sed qt~|d(|s~kof| m~d ndkof qtjjdc skfes/ \lkdold k|

vi~se sed hiod{* |m{| Nm~mlb Inmhm| ntcfds* m| jiof m| ks||ihdnic{ dj|d| hiod{/

Sed q~kld i` boivjdcfd k| ndkof mcc~d||dc ko m ck``d~dos

vm{ n{ sed ~dldos |kfokof n{ >> litos~kd| i` MLSM* sed

Mosk(Litosd~`dkskof S~mcd Mf~ddhdos* vekle k| sed jmsd|s

kosd~omskiomj mssdhqs si d|smnjk|e nm|d(jkod ~tjd| ì~ q~isdlskof

kosdjjdlstmj q~iqd~s{ ~kfes| %KQ^+/ Kosd~ods s~m`l k| kosd~omskiomj

nts ~dftjmskio| m~d omskiomj* hdmokof sems koì~hmskio mocsed~dì~d q~is ( jdmb| mvm{ dpd~{ved~d jkbd vmsd~ `~ih m jdmb{

ntlbds moc omskiomj ~dftjmsi~| lmo ci

oisekof mnits ks/

Sed~d em| nddo itsl~{ mfmko|s sek|

mf~ddhdos* vkse q~isd|s| ko hmo{

Dt~iqdmo lkskd|/ Htle i` sek| k| {itse(

nm|dc moc ldos~dc io sed kcdm sems

koì~hmskio itfes si nd `~dd/ \ilkmjk|s|itfes si nd |{hqmsedskl si sek|* fkpdo sems

vd vmos dpd~{sekof si nd `~dd* nts sed~d|

|ihdsekof k~~ksmskof mnits qdiqjd vei

|dd oi `t~sed~ semo sed iod lihhicks{

sed{~d qd~|iomjj{ kosd~d|sdc ko/ Ko|sdmc i`

ndkof }tm|k(|ilkmjk|s sekobkof* ks jiib| jkbd

sed |dj`(koctjfdold i` q~kpkjdfdc {itofVd|sd~od~| vei cios boiv sed ~dmj

hdmokof i` qipd~s{/ Si |ihdiod |sm~pkof

i~ eihdjd||* sed{ ht|s jiib jkbd m ntole

i` ~kle bkc| |tjbkof moc cdhmockof `~dd

|vdds|/

Cd|qksd sed |t~~dmj mqqdm~mold i`m Qk~msd Qm~s{ ko \vdcdo moc oiv

ko sed TB m| vdjj* hi|s iqqi|kskio k|

ois nm|dc io |ihd khmfkodc ~kfes(

si(civojimc nts io sed tom~ftmnjd

s~tse sems* si mllihhicmsd sed

ck``d~dold| ndsvddo sed jdfk|jmst~d|

i` pm~kit| litos~kd|* sek| mf~ddhdos

k| |i odld||m~kj{ fdod~mj ks iqdo|nm~o(cii~| si sed `tst~d domlshdos

i` m jm~fd m~~m{ i` ~dq~d||kpd

hdm|t~d|* koljtckof sei|d ~djmskof si `~dd |qddle/ Qjdm| n{

MLSM| cd`docd~| sems |tle hdm|t~d| m~d ois sed kosdoskio

m~d q~inmnj{ s~td ms sek| q~dlk|d hihdos* nts sek| i` lit~|d

cid|os ftm~mosdd sems sed seitfes vkjj odpd~ l~i|| sedk~ hkoc|ko sed `tst~d/ Mo{ jdfk|jmskio vekle hmbd| ~dq~d||kio dm|kd~ ko

q~kolkqjd |eitjc nd iqqi|dc io q~kolkqjd/

Sed MLSM mf~ddhdos liosmko| q~ipk|kio ì~ sed q~dpdoskio

i` litosd~`dks fiic| sii* vekle* ko sed lm|d i` litosd~`dks

hdcklkod| vitjc* ko sedi~{* nd m pd~{ fiic sekof m| sed{ m~d

m etfd fjinmj q~injdh/ Vedsed~ ks k| ~dmjj{ kosdocdc si ìlt|

io sems hm~bds* vekle jm~fdj{ lio|k|s| i` qii~ qdiqjd nt{kofctc c~tf| ndlmt|d sed{ lmos m`ì~c sed ~dmj sekof* i~ io sed

jtl~mskpd s~mcd ko nift| ljisekof* djdls~iokl| moc CPC n~moc|*

vekle kopijpd| t|e vd|sd~od~| |khqj{ |mpkof m `dv }tkc* vd

jdmpd si sed ~dmcd~| kosdjjkfdos ftd||/ Ks k| |kfoklmos sems Lekom

cid|os |tqqi~s MLSM* fkpdo sems htle i` sek| litosd~`dkskof

lihd| `~ih sed~d/ Lekom* ndkof m niu(|ek`skof hmot`mlst~d~

ois m cdpdjiqd~* sdoc| si nd kosdo|dj{ ~djmudc mnits kosdjjdlstmj

q~iqd~s{ jmv| %|ddMqqjd \stòf+/Mfmko|s sed omkpd m||thqskio sems* mjiod i` mjj lihhickskd|

ko lmqksmjk|h* koì~hmskio |eitjc nd `~dd* |eitjc nd |ds sed

d}tmjj{ omkpd m||thqskio n{ MLSM |tqqi~sd~| sems mjj |sijdo

fiic| ~dq~d|dos m ji|| i` dm~okof|/ Sems qk~ml{ li|s| sed

dosd~smkohdos koct|s~{ hiod{ k| tocitnsdcj{ s~td* nts eiv ci

{it d|skhmsd sed pmjtd i` vems qdiqjd ciosnt{9 Sed jkbdjkeiic k|* k` qk~ml{ vd~d dpd~ s~tj{|smhqdc its* sed ì~hd~ qk~msd| vitjc ois

sedo emqqkj{ fi its moc |sthq tq `sddo }tkc

ì~ m odv jh i~ ht|kl LC/ Ko|sdmc sed{c ci

vkseits* i~ vmks toskj ks vm| ledmq* moc sed

koct|s~{ vitjcos fmko htle/

Vems MLSM k| ~dmjj{ mnits k| ois ~dq~d||kio

nts hmot`mlst~d~| cd|qd~msdj{ s~{kof si ~mk|dsedk~ q~is| ko sed hkccjd i` m |jthq vekjd

`dockof i`` mssdhqs| n{ qii~ lio|thd~| si

tocd~hkod sedh/ Nts ised~ hmot`mlst~d~|

lmo mjvm{| lm|e ko n{ cikof sed iqqi|ksd/

Ledmq CPC qjm{d~| m~d oiv |ijc vkse T\N

lioodlskio|* mjjivkof {it si qjm{ MPK i~hmsjh| ~ih m m|e(îh hdhi~{ |sklb/ Eiv sedjh m~~kpdc io sems |sklb* moc ko sems ì~hms* k|

m }td|skio sems vd |ilkmjk|s|* ois ndkof qk~msd|

i` lit~|d* ht|s iold mfmko jdmpd si sed

kosdjjkfdos ~dmcd~/

Mqqjd \stòfMqqjd| s~mcd ko Lekom %|dd sek|

k||td+ k| ois vkseits ks| civo|kcd/

Mqqjd em| gt|s ji|s m lm|d mfmko|s

sed lihqmo{ Q~ipkdv ko m Eiof

Biof lit~s ipd~ sed vi~jcvkcd~kfes| si sed omhd kQmc* vekle

Q~ipkdv seitfes i` nts vekle Mqqjd

ljmkh| ks nitfes i`` sedh ì~ t|d

ko sdo litos~kd|/ Oiv ks k| fikof si

m hmkojmoc Lekod|d lit~s* nts sed

Lekod|d |smsd k| fikof si nd od~pit|

mnits tqeijckof mo kosdjjdlstmj~kfes| lm|d io ks| ivo st~` vedo

ks mf~mosj{ pkijmsd| sedh ipd~

dpd~{sekof dj|d/ Vedo {it jkd civo

vkse sed c~mfio {it lmo fds {it~

vmjjds |kofdc/

Fijcdo Iqqi~stoks{Ks |ddh| sed Si~{ nmlb(ndoled|m~d hitoskof m ~dpijs ipd~ sedfipd~ohdos| |qdockof io vkocdod~f{ cdpdjiqhdos* qi||knj{ndlmt|d i` sed edmp{ |tn|kck|mskioli|s|* i~ hm{nd ndlmt|d sed{

cios vmos njiic{ f~dms vkoc`m~h| mjj ipd~ sedk~ Lis|vijcetoskof ~mofd|/ Sed fipd~ohdosk| lihhkssdc si kol~dm|kof vkocdod~f{ `~ih ks| q~d|dos >/> qd~ldos

si =4 qd~ldos n{ >1=4* k` ks| sibddq si ks| kosd~omskiomjj{ mf~ddcdopk~iohdosmj sm~fds|/ @ms lemoldi` sems/ Hi~d ~dmjk|sklmjj{* ks| bddodopk~iohdosmj liold~o k| ko oisndkof edjc si ~mo|ih n{ sed ^t||kmofm| ijkfm~le|* moc sed~d m~d ioj{ |i

hmo{ otljdm~ qivd~ |smskio| ks lmoìk|s tqio t|/

M|kcd `~ih fmjd|(kosi(fkfmvmss|*mjsd~omskpd dod~f{ ~d|dm~le k|se~ivkof tq ised~ qi||knkjkskd|/Kosd~d|skof ~d|dm~le kosi Hkl~inkmj

@tdj Ldjj| ms N~k|sij TVD ~dldosj{ljmkhdc m vi~jc ~|s ko q~iqi|koft~kod m| m ~dpijtskiom~{ odv `tdj%NNL Iojkod* ; Oipdhnd~ >1==+/Ks| |si~dc dod~f{ qisdoskmj hm{ oisnd qm~skltjm~j{ ekfe nts ks k| `~dd silijjdls ko jm~fd }tmoskskd|* moc hm{

vdjj |mpd io |dvd~mfd li|s| kosised nm~fmko/ Mnipd mjj ks vitjc sedomjjiv t| si qikos its vems vdpdboivo mjj mjiof* sems sed |smsd|dopk~iohdosmj dod~f{ qijkl{ k| mjjvkoc moc qk||/


5/244\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

Jdssd~|

Ois gt|s qijksklmj

Cdm~ Dcksi~|*M `~kdoc ~dldosj{ n~itfes si h{mssdoskio sed ek|si~{ i` sed st~hikjsems siib qjmld ko FN ìjjivkofVVK vedo sed q~kolkqmj tokio| emcmqqm~dosj{ limjd|ldc ì~ tokdcmlskio moc mqqm~dosj{ fis lijc `ddsvedo lio`~iosdc vkse sed |kstmskio i`sed qisdoskmj qivd~ i` sedk~ i~fmokwdc~d|k|smold si lmqksmjk|s duqjiksmskio/

Sed ckjdhhm vm| duq~d||dc kosed |smsdhdos hmcd n{ sed Q~khdHkok|sd~ si sed S~kqjdMjjkmold mlli~ckofj{7

Fdosjdhdo* {it empd`m|ekiodc ko sed S~kqjdMjjkmold i` sed tokio|~dq~d|dosdc n{ {it* m hi|s

qivd~`tj ko|s~thdos/ K`ddj nitoc si sdjj {it semsko it~ iqkokio vd m~d ms

{it~ hd~l{/ Sed M~h{ k|ck|m``dlsdc moc lmoois nd~djkdc tqio/// K` {it lm~~{its {it~ se~dms si |s~kbd*sedo {it vkjj cd`dms t|///K` {it ci |i* empd {it vdkfedc sedlio|d}tdold|/// k` m ì~ld m~k|d| ko sed\smsd vekle k| |s~iofd~ semo sed \smsd

ks|dj`* sedo ks ht|s nd ~dmc{ si smbd io

sed `tolskio| i` sed |smsd* i~ vksec~mv

moc mlldqs sed mtsei~ks{ i` sed \smsd/Fdosjdhdo* empd {it lio`d~~dc mock` {it empd* m~d {it ~dmc{9 %CmpkcJji{c Fdi~fd si Tokio Jdmcd~| ko

=;=;+ Sek| |ddh| si empd smbdo sedvkoc its i` sedk~ |mkj|/

K` sek| |smsdhdos moc sed ek|si~{|t~~itockof k| mllt~msd* ks vitjc|tffd|s sems smlsklmjj{ sed kcdm i`m qm~mjjdj ljm|| lio|lkit| tokdctokio i~fmokwmskio si sems i` mqijksklmj qm~s{ k| cd|k~mnjd mockocddc* d||doskmj ko i~cd~ si t|dks| qivd~ si nmlb tq sed hmocmsdi` m |ilkmjk|s nmjjis qjt~mjks{/ Semssed S~kqjd Mjjkmold ckcos empd sedhdssjd si mls cid| ois kopmjkcmsd sedqisdoskmj smlsklmj odld||ks{ i` tokdc

vi~bkof ljm|| mlskio/ Ct~kof sedì~hmskio i` sed KVV Cmokdj Cd Jdiov~isd m |d~kd| i` ~d|qio|d| si sei|dvei m~ftdc sems dksed~ qijksklmj i~dlioihkl mlskio mjiod vd~d |t`lkdossi l~dmsd m |ilkmjk|s s~mo|ì~hmskio%M| Si Qijkskl|+ cdhio|s~mskofvkse cdlk|kpd jifkl sems nise vd~dd||doskmj/

[it~ Qm~s{ em| mqqm~dosj{|sdmc`m|sj{ ~d|k|sdc sed ctmjodld||ks{ i` vi~bkof ljm|| mlskio*pmftd mjjt|kio| oisvkse|smockof* mocem| fkpdo sed khq~d||kio i` qt~d moc|khqjd qijksklmj mlskio m| ndkof sed|ijd odld||ks{ si s~mo|ì~h |ilkds{kosi sed liiqd~mskpd lihhiovdmjse/[ds Cmpkc Jji{c Fdi~fd| lihhdos|ddh| si |tffd|s sed jmsdos qivd~ i`vi~bkof ljm|| dlioihkl mlskio k| m

cdlk|kpd `mlsi~/Qd~emq| {it lmo dojkfesdo hd io

sed ek|si~klmj |kfoklmold i` vemsemqqdodc vm{ nmlb ko =;=; moc {it~~dmlskio si sei|d dpdos| moc {it~|tn|d}tdos mqqjklmskio| i` jd||io|jdm~odc/Nd~om~c Ni~soklb* Cmjjm|* Sdum|

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Sed vi~c| {it }tisd m~d smbdo`~ih* Ko Qjmld i` @dm~%=;4>+ n{ sedJmnit~ qijksklkmo Modt~ko Ndpmo*moc qtnjk|edc hmo{ {dm~| m`sd~ seddpdos| ko }td|skio/ Ndpmo ~dlitos|

sems* sed hkod~|jdmcd~ înd~s \hkjjkd*%vei ckdc ko =;31+sijc ekh ( moc sek|ht|s empd nddo |ihd

{dm~| m`sd~ =;=; ( semssek| k| vems Jji{cFdi~fd emc |mkc/ \isek| k| m sek~c(emoc

~dqi~s ( ois sems Jji{cFdi~fd vitjc oisempd |mkc |ihdsekofjkbd sek| nts ks lmo

nd citnsdc sems sed|d vd~d ek| dumlsvi~c|/

K` li~~dls moc Jji{c Fdi~fdvm|os gt|s vkocnmffkof* sek| vitjckjjt|s~msd q~dlk|dj{ ve{ m qijksklmjqm~s{ k| d||doskmj ( sed tokio| emcoi q~if~mhhd si |dkwd sed qivd~sems |tqqi|dcj{ jm{ ms sedk~ `dds mocnmlbdc civo/ Lios~m~{ si vems {itbddq io m||d~skof* sed \ilkmjk|s Qm~s{cid|os ~dgdls koct|s~kmj i~fmok|mskiom| m bd{ qjmob i` m ~dpijtskiom~{|s~msdf{/ Vd m~d ck||khkjm~ siKoct|s~kmj Tokiok|s| moc sed jkbdko ~d`t|kof si lts iod i` it~ jdf|i`` ndì~d ~tookof sed ~mld/ Vdm~d ì~ sed vi~bkof ljm|| t|kof mjjsed ~d|it~ld| ms ks| ck|qi|mj* niseqijksklmj moc dlioihkl* moc lem|kofsed ~tjd~| kosi dpd~{ ldos~d i` sedk~qivd~* v~d|skof sems qivd~ `~ihsedh/

@i~ sed ~dli~c* ed~d k| vems sed

\ilkmjk|s \smocm~ci` sed skhd %Mq~kj=;=;+ |mkc %oisd sed ~msed~ ck``d~dosmqq~imle smbdo n{ Niom~ Jmv* veivm| sed jdmcd~ i` sed Lio|d~pmskpdqm~s{ moc m Hkok|sd~ ko Jji{cFdi~fd| limjkskio fipd~ohdos+7

Ks vm| vedo sed ^dqi~s| i` sedLihhk||kio vd~d fkpdo si sedFipd~ohdos sems sed f~dms jd||io ì~sed vi~bd~| dhd~fdc/ Ko mooitolkofsems sed Fipd~ohdos emc mlldqsdcmoc vitjc mls tqio sed ^dqi~si` sed Lemk~hmo| |dlskio i` sedLihhk||kio moc ~d`d~~kof si sed

qi||knkjks{ i` m |s~kbd* H~/ Niom~ Jmv|mkc

K` |tle m |s~kbd lihd| sedFipd~ohdosmoc oi Fipd~ohdoslitjc ci ised~vk|dvkjj t|d mjj sed~d|it~ld| i` sed \smsd vkseits sed

|hmjjd|s ed|ksmskio/K` |tle m |s~kbd lmhd* sed hkod(

ivod~|* k` sed{ cdlkcdc si fes ksits* litjc vko n{ |khqj{ qksskof sedk~khhdo|d ~d|it~ld| i` vdmjse* mokocklmskio i` vekle k| fkpdo n{ sedft~d| mnipd* mfmko|s sed `dv qitoc|sed hkod~| litjc fmsed~ sifdsed~/ Iosed dlioihkl djc sed hm|sd~| m~dko m `m~ |s~iofd~ qi|kskio semo sed

vi~bd~| moc lmo ndms sedh mo{ skhdsed{ cdlkcd si fes si m ok|e/ [ds kosek|* m| ko |i hmo{ ised~ lm|d|* sed{se~dmsdo si t|d sed ipd~vedjhkofqivd~ i` sed \smsd ì~ sedk~ qt~qi|dndlmt|d ks k| |i htle hi~d |qddc{moc cdlk|kpd/

Nts eiv lihd| ks sems sed{ lmo t|dsed \smsd ì~ sek| qt~qi|d9 Ndlmt|dio =3se Cdldhnd~* =;=5* sed hkod~|*ko liogtolskio vkse sed jm~fd hmgi~ks{i` sed ised~ vi~bd~|* qjmldc sed \smsdko sed emoc| i` sed hm|sd~| vedosed{ pisdc sed jmssd~ kosi qi||d||kio

i` qijksklmj qivd~/Vekjd sed vi~bd~| mlldqs sed

qik|ioit| oio|do|d sems lmqksmj|eitjc empd m `mk~ q~is* vekjdsed{ |vmjjiv sed jkd| moc ethntfi` sed jmnit~ jdmcd~| jkbd Seihm|*N~mld* Vkjjkmh|* moc |i io* semssed kosd~d|s| i` sed hm|sd~ ljm|| m~dsed kosd~d|s| i` sed lihhtoks{* i~|ilkds{* sed{ vkjj nd dm|kj{ jdc si pisdsedk~ hm|sd~| kosi qi||d||kio i` sedqivd~ si ~tjd |ilkds{/

Vedo sed vi~bkof ljm|| ~kc|ks|dj` i` sek| |stqkcks{* moc ~dmjk|d|ks| vdmbod|| ko sed dlioihkl djcmfmko|s sed qivd~ i` sed dhqji{d~|*sedo ks vkjj st~o si sed `mls| i`ks| |kstmskio ì~ m |ijtskio mococ sems sed vm{ si |mjpmskio jkd|se~itfe i~fmok|mskio ì~ lios~ij i`sed qijksklmj qivd~/ Ois toskj semsk| m||t~dc lmo sed vi~bd~| ivo sedhdmo| i` jk`d moc iqd~msd sedh ì~sedk~ ivo ndods/ Vedo sems jd||iok| jdm~os sed cm{ i` \ilkmjk|h vkjj ndcmvokof/

(Dcksi~|

Vkocnmffkof9 Jji{c Fdi~fd



5 D~kl Fed~bko HQ em| duq~d||dc its~mfd sems m jilmjlitolkj em| nddo nmoodc n{ sed Ekfe Lit~s `~ih ck|lt||kofqijkskl| ct~kof litolkj hddskof|* nts ì~hd~ litolkjji~ Oi~hmo\eko k| to~dqdosmos mnits n~kofkof sed lm|d7 Qijkskl| em| fisoisekof si ci vkse vems sed litolkj cid|/ Mjj vd ci k| jkod it~qilbds|* l~dmsd gin| ì~ sed ni{| moc empd nmo}tds|/ Vedo|ihd i` sed|d ckoi|mt~| s~{ si c~mf qijkskl| kosi ks* jkbd jilmjqipd~s{ i~ eihdjd||od||* ks ck|l~khkomsd| mfmko|s qdiqjd jkbdhd vei m~d ioj{ ko ks ì~ sed hiod{/ Ks| m hmssd~ i` q~kolkqjd/

5 Sed~d vm| |eilb ko sed Lks{ sek| hiose io sedmooitoldhdos i` m fkfmoskl se~dd hkjjkio qitoc niot| ì~Nin Fjmoc* m Sivd~ Emhjds| ~imc(|vddqd~* ì~ |d~pkld|

si sed s~mo|qi~s ko`~m|s~tlst~d/ Nd~bdjd{| Nmob \sm`` |siic~d|ijtsd ndekoc sed niot|7 Nin| m ckmhioc fddwd~/ Nd|kcd|*ks| pksmj si koldoskpk|d |tle vi~b/ Vd mj|i qjmo si qm{ it~sikjds ljdmod~| svi hkjj dmle* qjt| q~d`d~dold |em~d| ko it~~mofd i` ljdmokof q~ictls|* moc m pkjjm ko Ndjkwd/ I~ckom~{dpd~{cm{ hd~lemos nmobd~| cios |ddh si tocd~|smoc semssed{ vitjcos nd mnjd si fi si vi~b ko sed hi~okof k` ks vm|osì~ hmkosdomold |sm`` jkbd it~|/ Vkseits sedh* oisekof vitjcnd ljdmodc moc vdc mjj ckd i` leijd~m ko m s~m`l gmh/\doki~ nmobkof dudltskpd| empd ~d|qiocdc sems sedk~ vi~bk| khqi~smos sii* moc sed{ |eitjc nd qmkc ms jdm|s ko jkod vksesed hkokhth vmfd* nts Nd~bdjd{| ck|hk|| sed ljmkh7 Sed{litjcos jk`s m ofd~ si qklb sedk~ oi|d|/ Sed cm{ sed{ q~ictldmo{sekof t|d`tj* vdjj dms it~ n~iih|/

5 @i~hd~ M~lenk|eiq i` Lmosd~nt~{ Ji~c Lm~d{ em||mkc sed Le~k|skmo `mkse k| `mlkof f~mctmj hm~fkomjk|mskio/Njmhkof sed ~k|d i` |dltjm~k|h moc m hicd~o mff~d||kpdmsedk|h* ed |mkc sems Le~k|skmoks{ vm| |t``d~kof jkbd Gd|t|io sed l~i|| `~ih sed |jkof| moc m~~iv| i` its~mfdit|

tondjkdpd~|/ Vd cdhmoc it~ ethmo ~kfes| si koltjlmsddpd~{nic{| lekjc~do vkse smjd| i` edmpdo* dpd~jm|skof si~hdos*pk~fko nk~se|* ~mk|kof sed cdmc* vmjbkof io vmsd~ moc |siokof

eihi|dutmj|/ Eiv lmo lekjc~do f~iv kosi hi~mj* ~d|qio|knjdmctjs| k` sed{~d ois sijc sed|d |si~kd|9 Ve{* ie ve{ cid|oinic{ smbd t| |d~kit|j{9

5 K~mo| Q~d|kcdos* Hmehitc Mehmckodgmc* |m{| f~dmsotljdm~ mlekdpdhdos| vkjj nd mooitoldc ko sed odus `dv cm{|/Cdljkokof si fkpd cdsmkj|* sed q~d|kcdos ko|sdmc mcpk|dc sedqiqtjmskio i` K|~mdj si hmbd khhdckmsd s~mpdj qjmo|/ Nm~mlbInmhm* sed T\ q~d|kcdos* eks nmlb ko m q~d|| |smsdhdos*ljmkhkof sems K~mo vm| t|kof ks| cihd|skl otljdm~ q~if~mhhdsi koskhkcmsd ~kpmj|7 Sed{~d mkhkof si t|d sd~~i~ smlskl| sivmjb mjj ipd~ sedk~ odkfenit~| moc mlekdpd fjinmj cihkomold/Vd boiv* ndlmt|d sems| vems vd ckc/ Ks k| lihqjdsdj{tomlldqsmnjd ì~ t| ois si empd mjj sed vdmqio|/ Sed|d `m~s{jkssjd litos~kd| lmos nd s~t|sdc vkse otbd|/ Sed{ hkfes t|d

sedh io t|/ M Veksd Eit|d |qdlkmj dopi{ k| ctd si { its siSdj Mpkp si hdds vkse sed Bod||ds Kosd~ki~ Hkok|sd~ i~ m cdsmkjdcck|lt||kio io eiv si |eiis hi~d K~mokmo otljdm~ |lkdosk|s|/Sed~d vm| oi lihhdos `~ih Oi~se Bi~dm* ved~d sed qeiodvm| i`` ndlmt|d i` m qivd~ lts/

5 Edmjse \dl~dsm~{ Moc~dv Jmo|jd{ |m{| sedfipd~ohdos k| lihhkssdc si sed OE\ nkjj* mhkc ~dqi~s| semsse~dd Si~{ lmnkods hkok|sd~| empd liold~o|/ \qdmbkof `~ih motq|smk~| vkociv ko m Ljmqemh ndc|ks* H~ Jmo|jd{ cd`docdcmjjdfmskio| sems ed k| oiv m siukl hkok|sd~ veih oinic{vmos| si sitle vkse m nm~fd qijd7 Cmpkc Lmhd~io m|bdc hdsi jjds sed OE\ jkbd m emccilb* nts sedo qmoklbdc m| |iio m|sed~d vm| q~isd|s/ Eivdpd~ ed `tjj{ |tqqi~s| hd `mjjkof io h{|vi~c* moc K lmo lio~h sems sek| fipd~ohdos k| sismjj{ ndekochd jkbd sed nmlb(|smnnkof nm|sm~c| sed{ mjj m~d/ ^dgdlskof|tffd|skio| sems sed~d vm| ckpk|kio mhiof |doki~ Si~kd|*ed |mkc H~ Lmhd~io| lmnkods k| mn|ijtsdj{ toksdc ko ks|to|vd~pkof ~d|ijpd si njmhd hd oiv sems sed |eks| eks sed `mo/H~ Jmo|jd{ k| m hdhnd~ i` NTQM/

Eit|sio* vd empd m q~injdhSED ^DPDJMSKIO n{ ek| qijksklmj iqqiodos| jm|s {dm~sems Nm~mlb Inmhm hm{ ois mlstmjj{ nd m T\ lkskwdo mock| qd~emq| m Ht|jkh i~* dpdo vi~|d* m |ilkmjk|s* em| hmcdks ck`ltjs si sdjj sed ck``d~dold ndsvddo `mls* `mosm|{ moclio|qk~ml{ sedi~{ ko sed ~to tq si sed T\ Q~d|kcdoskmjdjdlskio/

^dqtnjklmo liosdocd~| ì~ sed gin m~d smbkof sed oddcsi cdhio|s~msd sedk~ qms~kiskl l~dcknkjks{ pd~{ |d~kit|j{/Odvs Fkof~kle* ì~ dumhqjd* em| duq~d||dc ek| kosdoskiosi lijiok|d sed hiio/ N{ sed doc i` h{ |dlioc sd~h vdvkjj empd sed ~|s qd~hmodos nm|d io sed hiio/ Moc ksvkjj nd Mhd~klmo* ed q~ihk|dc ek| |tqqi~sd~|/ M ck`ltjsmls si ìjjiv* {it hkfes sekob/ Nts oi* ois k` {it empdFic io {it~ |kcd/

\qmld icckskd| lihd oi iccd~ semo ek| iqqiodos* Hkssîhhod{/ Ed ndjkdpd| sems vkse Fic| edjq ed* sii*lmo nijcj{ fi ved~d oi hmo em| fiod ndì~d moc |ijpdMhd~klm| q~injdh|/

M| m jk`djiof hdhnd~ i` sed Let~le i` Gd|t| Le~k|s i`Jmssd~ Cm{ \mkos| m Hi~hio nk|eiq ko `mls* edndjkdpd| sems sed nmqsk|h i` sed cdmc si n~kof

sedh kosi sed Let~le k| m |do|knjd kcdm* mock| ftkcdc ko jk`d n{ sed Niib i` Hi~hio/Sed liosdos| i` sek| mhmwkof pijthd vd~d~dpdmjdc si sed let~le| ìtocd~* Gi|dqe\hkse %vei emc cm{ pk|ks si Eit|sio ko Hm~le|ed q~ihk|d| cdjkpd~mold `~ih %mhiof|s ised~ sekof|+niocmfd* nmc c~dmh|* vkslel~m`s mssmlb|* hd~hmkcmoc ised~ dpkj |qk~ks qi||d||kio* toskhdj{ cdmse|* jmlbi` q~ihiskio* omolkmj khqisdol{ moc le~iokl mockolt~mnjd ck|dm|d/

Mjj fiic* ljdmo em~hjd|| `to9 Vdjj toì~stomsdj{ oi/Edjdo Tbqmnki k| oi gibd/ Ko ed~ niib Topdkjkof sed

H{|sd~kd| i` Vkslel~m`s|ed duqjmko| eiv si kcdosk`{m lekjc vksle/ K` m lekjc tocd~ sed mfd i` svi|l~dmh| ko sed okfes* l~kd| moc k| mjvm{| `dpd~k|evkse cdsd~ki~mskof edmjse* ed i~ |ed k| m |d~pmos

i` \msmo* |ed mcpk|d|/ Ed~ sdmlekof| m~d |mkc siempd lios~kntsdc si sed si~st~d i~ mnmociohdos i`

seit|moc| i` Okfd~kmo lekjc~do/ \t``d~ sed jkssjdlekjc~do m| sed fiic niib em| ks/OV


7/246\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

Mjj q~kld| koljtcd qi|smfd moc qmlbkof/ @i~ |ku i~ hi~d i` mo{ qtnjklmskio*

~dctld sed q~kld n{ iod sek~c/

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Qijd| Mqm~s9 Lmqksmjk|h i~ |ilkmjk|h m| sed qjmods edms| tq///////////4/64 uYYYYY

SISMJ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////YYYYYYYYYYY

OMHD////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

MCC^D\\////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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Lks{////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//////////////////////////////////////////// Qi|slicd/////////////////////////////////////////////////

Litos{///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

QEIOD %iqskiomj+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

D(HMKJ %iqskiomj+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Nmlb si sed =;6 Cdldhnd~+ \sdqemo Bkof*sed E\NL| f~itq lekd` dlioihk|s| hmcd m |khkjm~ qikos7

Sed fjinmj dlioih{ em| qjdos{ i` `mtjs| nts kol~dm|dck|ijmskiok|h vkjj ioj{ hmbd sekof| vi~|d/ Vd cios vmos si|jddqvmjb nmlb si sed =;



MHD^KLMO FJINMJ edfdhio{ lioskotd| ks| |sdmc{ cdljkod/

Sed hi|s |s~kbkof ~dldos ko|smold k| sed ipd~s |ek`s i` Qmbk|smo*

jiof m T\ ljkdos |smsd* kosi Lekom| |qed~d i` kotdold/

Sed T\* tomnjd oiv si |tqqj{ ks| ì~ld| ko M`femok|smo

se~itfe Qmbk|smo* em| oi leikld nts si vksec~mv ~mqkcj{ `~ih

sems litos~{/ %Vd boiv `~ih VkbkJdmb| sems sed T\ m|bdc Lekomsi mjjiv m odv |tqqj{ ~itsd se~itfe Lekod|d sd~~ksi~{ nts vm|

~d`t|dc/+

M`femok|smo vkjj ~dpd~s si ks| s~mckskiomj |smst| m| m

cdqdocdol{ i` Qmbk|smo* vei|d siij sed Smjknmo vm| ~ih

sed |sm~s/ Dpdostmjj{ M`femok|smo sii* vkse ks| ~kle toduqjiksdc

hkod~mj ~d|it~ld|* hm{ nd kosdf~msdc kosi sed Lekod|d |qed~d/

I~ sed~d hm{ nd ~dodvdc ^t||kmo moc Twndb kosd~pdoskio%mcpilmsdc n{ |ihd t||kmo |s~msdfk|s|+* vkse oi~se(|itse

qm~skskio sed q~inmnjd ~d|tjs/

Kjjt|kio| i` f~mocdt~Mhd~klm| pm|s hkjksm~{

|qdockof moc `m~(tof

odsvi~b i` nm|d| m~d oivetfdj{ ck|q~iqi~skiomsd si

ks| ckhkok|edc dlioihkl

|s~dofse moc ~dmj kotdold

ipd~ dpdos|/ Htjskqjd

vm~| empd jd`s ks| s~iiq|

ipd~dusdocdc moc

duemt|sdc/ [ds sed kcdm i`

cddq ~dctlskio| ko hkjksm~{ì~ld| ~dhmko| smnii ko

hmko|s~dmh Mhd~klmo

qijkskl|* vekjd sed T\ moc K|~mdj mfmko fdm~ tq ì~ vm~ vkse K~mo

%ì~ mo dm~jkd~ momj{|k| |dd Hmsd~kmj Vi~jc* \ilkmjk|s \smocm~c*

Gmotm~{ >115+/

Odksed~ sed |qdlkmj kosd~d|s| i` sed hkjksm~{(koct|s~kmj lihqjdu

oi~ sed ko|mskmnjd sek~|s ì~ ledmq ikj `tjj{ duqjmko |tle ko|moks{%dpdo n{ lmqksmjk|s |smocm~c|+/ Jkbd sed ~tjd~| i` mjj c{kof

dhqk~d|* sed T\ djksd k| ko sed f~kq i` k jjt|kio| i` f~mocdt~/

Kocddc* sed~d k| jd|| ~dmjk|skl ck|lt||kio i` vmokof Mhd~klmo

qivd~ sicm{ semo ko sed {dm~| ìjjivkof sed =;56 qtnjklmskio

i` Qmtj Bdoodc{| Sed ^k|d moc Cdljkod i` sed F~dms Qivd~|*

vedo sed q~ild|| vm| htle jd|| mcpmoldc/

Sed T\ Lekom ~djmskio|ekqSed dhd~fkof muk| i` sed vi~jc qivd~ lioft~mskio k| sed

~djmskio|ekq ndsvddo sed ijc edfdhio moc sed ioj{ lioldkpmnjd

%seitfe ois odld||m~kj{ jkbdj{+ lmockcmsd ì~ sed ~ijd i` odv

edfdhio Lekom/Sed T\ em| ji|s lio|kcd~mnjd f~itoc si Lekom ko sed ~kpmj~{

ipd~ sed ~d|it~ld| i` ~dfkio| ved~d ks| |vm{ vm| q~dpkit|j{tolemjjdofdc M`~klm moc Jmsko Mhd~klm %iold boivo m| Toljd

\mh| nmlb{m~c+/ @i~ ko|smold* Lekom k| oiv N~mwkj| Oi/ =

s~mckof qm~sod~/

Ised~ |it~ld| i` sdo|kio ndsvddo sed T\ moc Lekom koljtcd

ck|qtsd| ipd~ sd~~ksi~kmj ~kfes| ko sed \itse Lekom \dm %HV* Mq~kj

>11;+* ~d|s~klskio| io duqi~s| i` Lekom| ~m~d dm~se hdsmj| %HV*

Hm{ >1==+* kosdjjdlstmj q~iqd~s{ ~kfes|* moc lt~~dol{ dulemofd~msd|/

Toskj ~dldosj{* eivdpd~* sed|d sdo|kio| vd~d litosd~nmjmoldc

n{ m |{hnkiskl kosd~cdqdocdold ndsvddo sed T\ moc Lekod|d

dlioihkd|* ~d}tk~kof m ld~smko jdpdj i` liiqd~mskio/ Lekom|

koct|s~kmj duqmo|kio vm| `tdjjdc n{ Mhd~klmo %m| vdjj m|Gmqmod|d* \itse Bi~dmo moc Smkvmod|d+ kopd|shdos moc

khqi~s| i` Lekod|d lio|thd~ fiic|/

Sed |{hnki|k| ck|kosdf~msd|Sek| |{hnki|k| k| ck|kosdf~mskof tocd~ sed khqmls i` sed

dlioihkl l~k|k|/ Htle lio|thqskio i` Lekod|d fiic| vm|

omoldc n{ cdns* moc oiv sed ntnnjd em| nt~|s/ Ised~ jiofd~(

sd~h `mlsi~| m~d mj|i ms vi~b/ Sed ~dldos |tlld||d| i` Lekom|

vi~bd~| ko ~mk|kof sedk~ vmfd| hmbd Lekom jd|| mss~mlskpd si

ì~dkfo kopd|si~|* vei m~d oiv hipkof sedk~ hiod{ si litos~kd|

jkbd Pkdsomh moc Nmofjmcd|e ved~d sed{ lmo |skjj qm{ ~ilb(nissih vmfd|/

M| m ~d|tjs* sed T\ Lekom ~djmskio|ekq k| ndlihkof hi~d

lioklstmj/ Lekom k| cdqji{kof hi~d ì~ld| si sed \itse Lekom

\dm* vekjd Mhd~klm k| nddof tq ks| hkjksm~{ q~d|dold ko sed

Qekjkqqkod| moc \kofmqi~d moc dpdo qjmo| m nm|d ko oi~sed~o

Mt|s~mjkm/

Ms sed |mhd skhd* sed T\ mc~iksj{ hmokqtjmsd| tocd~|smocmnjd`dm~| i` Lekom ko sed litos~kd| mjiof ks| ni~cd~|/ Ko qm~skltjm~*

ks |ddb| lji|d ~djmskio|

vkse Kockm %s~mckskiomjj{ m

\ipkds)^t||kmo mjj{+* vekle

ks dolit~mfd| si qt~|td ks|

ivo ~dfkiomj ~kpmj~{ vkse

Lekom/ Kockm s~kd| si |t~~itocLekom vkse ks| ljkdos |smsd|*vekjd Lekom s~kd| si ci sed

|mhd si Kockm/

\i mjseitfe Lekom em|

|s~dofsedodc ks| qi|kskio|

ko hi~d ck|smos ~dfkio|* ks|

lios~ij ipd~ ks| khhdckmsd

odkfenit~eiic k| |jkqqkof*m| |kfomjjdc n{ Nt~hm|

cdlk|kio ois si liiqd~msd

vkse Lekom| cmh lio|s~tlskio q~if~mh/ Sek| litjc jdmc si m

ekfej{ to|smnjd |mocvkle qmssd~o i` f~dms qivd~ ~kpmj~{/

Sed t||km Lekom ~djmskio|ekqSed ~djmskio|ekq ndsvddo ^t||km moc Lekom k| hm~bdc n{|khkjm~ ~kpmj~kd| moc mhnkftkskd|/ Jkbd sed T\* ^t||km k| ji|kof

f~itoc si Lekom ko m ~dfkio ved~d ks t|dc si q~dcihkomsd

qi|s(\ipkds Ldos~mj M|km vkse ks| ikj moc fm|/ Sed~d m~d mj|i

sdo|kio| ko l~i||(ni~cd~ ~djmskio|* oismnj{ ipd~ Lekod|d ~h|

duqjiksmskio i` skhnd~* |e moc ised~ ~d|it~ld| ko sed ^t||kmo

@m~ Dm|s/

Odpd~sedjd||* sed liiqd~mskpd djdhdos ko ^t||kmo(Lekod|d~djmskio| k| mj|i |s~iof* moc qd~emq| hi~d ~d|kjkdos semo T\

Lekom liiqd~mskio/ Sed \emofemk Liiqd~mskio I~fmokwmskio

%\LI+ `mlkjksmsd| htjskjmsd~mj ~djmskio| mhiof Lekom* ^t||km moc

sed Ldos~mj M|kmo litos~kd|* moc sek| edjq| si hkskfmsd Lekod|d(

^t||kmo ~kpmj~{ ko Ldos~mj M|km/Ko Ilsind~ >115 sek| lijtho |tffd|sdc sems sed \LI hkfes

q~dft~d m Lekod|d(jdc njil ck~dlsdc mfmko|s T\ edfdhio{%HV* Ils >115+/ Oiv ks jiib| m| k` sed liokls i` kosd~d|s|

ndsvddo ^t||km moc Lekom hm{ nd sii f~dms si qd~hks |tle m

cdpdjiqhdos/

Mo iqm}td htjskqijm~ vi~jcSet|* ko sed ì~d|ddmnjd `tst~d sed~d hm{ nd odksed~ m

odv fjinmj edfdhio si ~dqjmld sed T\ oi~ m odv nkqijm~lioft~mskio/ ^msed~* sed lt~~dos iqm}td htjskqijm~ vi~jc vkjj

lioskotd si dpijpd ko vm{| sems m~d ck`ltjs si q~dckls/ Sek| vkjj

illt~ ko sed liosdus i` doi~hit| ljkhmskl lemofd* mllihqmokdc

n{ sed |l~mhnjd ì~ sed hdjskof M~lskl %HV* \dq >116+ moc jmsd~

io ì~ sed hdjskof Mosm~lskl/Tojd||* sems k|* vd lmo ì~fd jkob| i` |ijkcm~ks{ ml~i|| mjj sed

mlstmj moc qisdoskmj nmssjd jkod| sems |lm~ it~ qjtocd~dc qjmods/

Tojd|| vd lmo ck|hmosjd mjj sed ~kpmj |smsd hmlekod| moc |ds tqm vi~jc |ilkmjk|s lihhtoks{/

\SD@MO

Sed lemofkof vi~jc qivd~lio ft~mskio


9/24;\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

Nmn{ Cmpkc |qdmb|

MHIOF SED hi~d hdhi~mnjd

dumhqjd| i` t~nmo to~d|s c~dcfdc

tq n{ sed momj{|s| m`sd~ jm|s Mtft|s| ~kis| vm| Sissdoemh* sems

qjmld ko Oi~se Jiocio vkse sed \dpdo \k|sd~| îmc moc Veksd

Em~s Jmod* Gkhh{ F~dmpd| moc* jd|| emqqkj{* sed s~mfdckd| i`

Nmn{ Q moc Pklsi~km Ljkhnkd/ Moc sed N~imcvmsd~ @m~h D|smsdved~d ko =;54 sed~d vm| m ~kis io m |lmjd si do|t~d ks| qjmld ko

sed ~dli~c niib|/ Sed ~kis vm| oismnjd* sii* ì~ sed bkjjkof i`

QL Njmbdjilb* mo dpdos vekle jdc si Vko|sio \kjliss ndkof |dos

si q~k|io ì~ jk`d ioj{ si nd ~djdm|dc ko =;;= vedo ek| liopklskio

vm| ìtoc si nd nm|dc io `mn~klmsdc dpkcdold/

Nd~okd F~mosKs siib m jiof skhd ì~ Sissdoemh si mcgt|s si sed hdhi~kd| i`

sei|d dpdos| moc si sed `~mfkjd sdo|kio vekle ìjjivdc/ Sek| vm|

ois edjqdc vedo sed Jdmcd~ i` Em~kofd{ Litolkj* Nd~okd F~mos*

|e~tffdc i`` sed bkjjkof i` sed qijkldhmo ko sed hdhi~mnjd

cd|l~kqskio sems ///vems %sed qijkld+ fis vm| m njiic{ fiic

ekckof/ Ks |m{| doitfe mnits sei|d skhd| sems F~mos vdos io si

nd djdlsdc vedo sed Qm~jkmhdosm~{ |dms ms Sissdoemh ndlmhdpmlmos ko =;56 moc jmsd~ |siic ì~ sed jdmcd~|ekq i` sed Jmnit~

Qm~s{/ Ed ckdc i` m edm~s mssmlb ko >1112 ek| vk`d vm| io sed

lmockcmsd| |ei~s jk|s nts sed qm~s{* qd~emq| eiqkof ì~ m jd||

lihnt|sknjd ~dq~d|dosmskpd* q~d`d~~dc iod Cmpkc Jmhh{ vei*

vedo ed vm| djdlsdc ko Gtod >111* hm{ empd vm~hdc hmo{

m Sissdoemh edm~s n{ ndlihkof sed Nmn{ i` sed Eit|d ois

duqdlsdc si st~o its si ndjkbd iod i` sei|d ft~fjkof*

|l~ddlekof* cd`dlmskof

ko`mos| vei bddq {it

mvmbd ms okfes/

Semsled~ p| Ndpd~kcfd

Moc |i ks em| st~odcits m| Jmhh{* vkse ek|

|leijm~|ekq| moc Hm|sd~|

Cdf~dd moc ndkof lmjjdc

si sed nm~* k| iod i`

vems |ihd djdlsi~| m~d

lihì~sdc si lmjj hkccjd

ljm||/ Moc qd~emq| siì|sd~ sek| ed vm| }tklbj{

m||thdc si nd vdjj |tksdc

si m |hiise* toekocd~dc

~k|d tq sed F~dm|{ Qijd vkse m |tlld||kio i` hkok|sd~kmj qi|s|

dpdostmjj{ ~dmlekof sed edkfes| i` Hkok|sd~ i` \smsd moc Q~kp{

Litolkjji~/ Mjj sek| lmhd si mo mn~tqs doc vkse sed >1=1 djdlskio/M| sed Jmnit~ Qm~s{ |tn|d}tdosj{ |s~tffjdc si to~mpdj sedlemi| i` Fi~cio N~ivo| jdmcd~|ekq* Jmhh{| lios~kntskio

si sedk~ jdmcd~|ekq djdlskio ckc ois |ddh si nd dosk~dj{ `~dd i`

lio`t|kio/ Ed oihkomsdc Ckmod Mnniss vekjd cdljm~kof ek|

|tqqi~s ì~ Dc Hkjjknmoc* sedo ~d`t|dc Hkjjknmoc| injkfkof i``d~

i` m qjmld ko sed \emciv Lmnkods io sed f~itoc| sems ed vk|edc

si nd `~dd si |qdmb io m vkcd ~mofd i` k||td|/ Jmnit~ hdhnd~|

hm{ empd |ddo sek| m| |ihdsekof i` m lioskotit| q~ild||

vedo ed ndvkjcd~dc sedh n{ v~kskof sems ed |mv lihhiof~itoc ndsvddo svi qdiqjd vei sed{ emc mjvm{| ~dfm~cdc m|

ms iqqi|ksd doc| i` sed qijksklmj |qdls~th7 ///si boks |ilkds{

nmlb sifdsed~ mfmko//// hdmo| m vi~bkof ljm|| vkse m |smbd

ko lmqksmjk|h moc m hkccjd ljm|| vkse `mkse iold mfmko ko sed

vdj`m~d |smsd/ Ks ~d}tk~d| `tjjjkof sed fimj| duq~d||dc n{ niseH~|/ Semsled~ moc Ndpd~kcfd* ois iod i~ sed ised~ %Its i` sed

M|ed| N~ksmko M`sd~ sed kis|+/

\hmlbkof Lekjc~do

Sed~d vm| hi~d si lihd io sed |mhd sedhd/ Ms m hddskof ko

\dqsdhnd~

>1== i`

sed sekob

smob Qijkl{

Dulemofd

ed vm~odc*

Vd lmos

empd moised~fdod~mskio sems

m~d ~itskodj{

todhqji{dc i~

jiofd~ semo m

{dm~/

Vd empd si ftm~mosdd sed|d qdiqjd vi~b ised~vk|d vd vkjj qm{

sed q~kld cdm~j{/ Nts ko Gmotm~{ ed vm| mcpk|kof mhm~bdcj{

ck``d~dos duqjmomskio ì~sed ~kis|* cdljm~kof sems sed{ vd~d

ctd si ///mo duqji|kio i` edciok|h moc okekjk|h* ~msed~ semo

fipd~ohdos lts| i~ todhqji{hdos/ Ed duqmocdc io sek|

momj{|k| n{ jkobkof sed ~kisit| ndempkit~ si jdfmj ~d|s~mkos| io

qm~dos| |hmlbkof lekjc~do7 Hmo{i` h{ lio|skstdos| lmhd tq si hd

m`sd~ sed ~kis| moc njmhdc sed Jmnit~

Fipd~ohdos* |m{kof* [it ft{| |siqqdc

t| ndkof mnjd si |hmlb it~ lekjc~do/

Ed sedo ck|qjm{dc hi~d lio`t|kio

n{ itsjkokof sed q~injdh| i` mjj sei|d

`~t|s~msdc to|hmlbkof qm~dos| vei///~mk|d lekjc~do io sed =4se ii~ i` m

sivd~ njilb vkse bokpd|* fmof| moc sed

cmofd~| i` pkijdos l~khd its|kcd sed

vkociv* lios~m|skof sedh vkse sei|d

ed lmo ljm||k`{ m| hkccjd ljm|| vei

lmo m`ì~c si qjmld sedk~ lekjc~do ko

q~kpmsd |leiij| ved~d sed{ m~d smtfesck|lkqjkod moc empd sdook| jd||io|/

N~mockof

Lios~mcklskof Jmhh{| ~mpkof|* sed~d k| m hm|| i` d|smnjk|edc

dpkcdold sems mosk(|ilkmj ndempkit~ k| cddq(~iisdc ko qipd~s{

moc mjkdomskio* mff~mpmsdc n{ sed qijkld m||d~skio m| sedftm~ckmo| i` q~iqd~s{ |ilkds{ moc ks| |{|sdh i` ljm|| q~kpkjdfd/M |stc{ n{ sed Jiocio \leiij i` Dlioihkl| moc sed Ftm~ckmo

iod i` hmo{ vekle kosd~pkdvdc >61 i` sed ~kisd~| jm|s

Cdldhnd~ |mkc sems 50 qd~ldos i` sei|d kosd~pkdvdc fmpd

qipd~s{ m| sed hmko lmt|d2 54 qd~ ldos |mkc sed qijkld vd~d

khqi~smos2 moc 6; qd~ldos |mkc todhqji{hdos/ Sed~d k| oi

~dli~c i` mo{iod hdoskiokof ~d|s~mkos| io qm~dosmj |hmlbkof

i` lekjc~do/ K`* m| Jmhh{ njt|sd~|* edciok|h moc okekjk|h

vd~d lios~kntsi~{ `mlsi~|* sems k| jkbdj{ si nd* m| mo in|d~pd~ i`m s{qklmj \mst~cm{ m`sd~oiio ko mo{ |eiqqkof ldos~d vkjj oiskld*

sed d``dls| i` sed n~mockof i` fiic| vekle k| cd|kfodc si

nd m qivd~`tj mkc ko m q~ismnjd |mjd| hdseic/ Sed q~injdh|

ck|qjm{dc ko sed ~kis| moc nd{ioc m~d |dpd~d moc siukl/ Sed

dpdos| ms N~imcvmsd~ @m~h siib qjmld >0 {dm~| mfi/ Em|oisekof nddo jdm~odc |kold sedo* m| sed qijksklkmo| q~ihk|dc9

Em| oisekof i` mo{ lio|d}tdold lemofdc9 M| jiof m| sedhmssd~ k| jd`s si sed jkbd| i` Cmpkc Jmhh{* sems k| mjj sed~d k| si

jiib ì~vm~c si/

KPMO

N~imcvmsd~ @m~h


10/24=1 \ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

Mqqjd* sed l~dmsi~| i` sed kHml*sed kQic* sed kQeiod moc kQmcm| vdjj m| ised~ ht|s(empd

cdpkld|* m~d oiv koct|s~{ jdmcd~| koq~ipkckof qd~|iomj lihqtskof moc~djmsdc sdleoijifkd|/ Nts mhiof|ssed jmsd|s fmcfds| moc m sismj kolihdi` ipd~ #=15no %>1==+* vems i` sedlihqmo{| vi~bd~| moc vi~bì~ld9Eiv ci sed{ `m~d tocd~ sed kotdoldi` m lihqmo{ vkse hi~d hiod{ semo

sed T\ Fipd~ohdos9 %Ko Gtj{ >1==ndlmt|d i` sed cdns(ldkjkof l~k|d|*Mqqjd ms iod qikos emc nkffd~ lm|e

~d|d~pd| semo sed T\ \smsd+/

Ois |i fiic vitjc nd sed|ei~s mo|vd~/

Mqqjd ks|dj`dhqji{| m~itoc01*111 qdiqjdvi~jcvkcdmoc n{ |ihdmllitos| lmo ndm |s~mofd qjmldsi vi~b/ Cd|qksdsed `mhit|koì~hmjks{ i`

gdmo| ko sedi`ld* ~dqi~s|ko m ~dldos niib%Ko|kcd Mqqjdn{

git~omjk|s McmhJm|eko|b{+ ljmkhvi~bkof ì~ Mqqjd k|jkbd ndkof ko m ltjs/Vkse ipd~ndm~kofhmomfdhdos* dus~dhd|dl~dl{ moc dpdo jilb(

civo ~iih| lio|s~tlsdcko|kcd ised~ ~iih| siq~dpdos koì~hmskio ndkofjdmbdc its|kcd sed lihqmo{*qm~moikc hm{ ois nd sii |s~iofm vi~c/ Hmo{ dhqji{dd| empdnddo ~dc ì~ ck|lt||kof sedk~ gin|its|kcd vi~b moc ks k| ~thit~dcsems lihqmo{ |qkd| iqd~msd ko nm~|moc pdotd| t|dc n{ dhqji{dd|/Jm|eko|b{ |smsd|7 \i sed~d| oilio`t|kio* sed qdomjs{ ì~ ~dpdmjkofMqqjd |dl~ds|* kosdoskiomjj{ i~tokosdoskiomjj{* k| ljdm~7 |vk`s

sd~hkomskio/ Mo du(Mqqjd dhqji{ddfid| `t~sed~ |m{kof sems \sdpd

Gin| %oiv cdldm|dc+ vitjc hmbdks ljdm~ ndì~d mo{ hdckm lihqmo{n~imclm|s mnits odv cdpdjiqhdos|i~ q~ictls|* sems Mo{sekof ck|lji|dc

`~ih sek| hddskof vkjj ~d|tjs ois gt|sko sd~hkomskio nts ko q~i|dltskio sised `tjjd|s dusdos it~ jmv{d~| lmo/

Jm|eko|b{ mj|i cd|l~knd| Mqqjd m|ltjsk|e* moc |smsd| sems odiqe{sd|m~d dos~t|sdc vkse ioj{ |i htlekoì~hmskio/ Ed fid| io7 M| vksemo{ |dl~ds |ilkds{* s~t|svi~sekod||k| ois m||thdc/ Odv mcckskio| si mf~itq m~d bdqs its i` sed jiiqì~ m qd~kic i` skhd* ms jdm|s

toskj sed{ empd dm~odc sedk~hmomfd~| s~t|s/

M |doki~ Mqqjd dofkodd~|mkc7 Qdiqjd m~d |i lihhkssdc semssed{ fi eihd ms okfes moc cios jdmpdMqqjd ndekoc sedh/ Vems sed{ cims Mqqjd k| sedk~ s~td ~djkfkio/ Ks k|mjjdfdc sems Mqqjd iqd~msd| m~itocsed lioldqs i` ck|lji|t~d ( Gio^tnko|sdko* m ì~hd~ |doki~ em~cvm~ddudltskpd ms Mqqjd* |m{|* Vd empdldjj|* jkbd m sd~~i~k|s i~fmok|mskio/

Dpd~{sekof k| io m oddc(si(boivnm|k|/ \i htle ì~ sed nd ko|qk~dcdpd~{ cm{ smf jkod io Mqqjd|~dl~tkshdos qmfd* sedo/

Its|kcd Mhd~klm moc Dt~iqdsekof| m~d vi~|d seitfe/ Cd|qksd

dm~j{ Mqqjd ljmkh| si nd hmcd koMhd~klm sed lihqmo{ empd ì~ {dm~|nddo its|it~lkof vi~b si Lekommoc ised~ `m~ dm|sd~o litos~kd|/ Iodi` sed hmko lios~mlsi~| ì~ Mqqjdmn~imc k| m Smkvmod|d liold~olmjjdc @iulioo* qm~s i` sed EioEmk Q~dlk|kio Koct|s~kd| Lihqmo{/Vkse `mlsi~kd| ko Lekom moc Smkvmo*@iulioo k| |smffd~kofj{ etfd moc k|oiv d|skhmsdc si dhqji{ vdjj ipd~

m hkjjkio qdiqjd ( 411*111 vi~b msks| etfd \edowedo `mlkjks{ ko Lekom

mjiod/ Sed|d hdfm `mlsi~kd| m~d|hmjj lkskd| ko sedh|djpd|

vkse |eiq|* nm~nd~|*nmob| moc ised~

`mlkjkskd| vksekosed `mlsi~{lihqjdu/ Vi~bd~|

m~d eit|dc ko etfdci~hksi~kd| moc

odpd~ jdmpd sed |ksd/Ipd~l~ivckof k| ~k`d/Iod iojkod d|skhmsd|smsd| sems ks k| pd

skhd| sed cdo|ks{i` qiqtjmskiom| Hthnmk/

Vi~bkofeit~| m~djiof moc qm{k| pd~{ jivn{ vd|sd~o|smocm~c|/Ko >1== oi`dvd~ semo

sdo vi~bd~|

bkjjdcsedh|djpd| kosed \edowedo

qjmos mjiodmoc moised~ se~ddmssdhqsdc sed |mhd mls/ Hmo{

gthqdc `~ih ntkjckof|* koljtckofiod vei emc ji|s m q~isis{qd kQeiod*q~ihqskof m hdckm itsl~{/Sed lihqmo{ ~d|qiocdc ko

s{qklmjj{ nt|kod||(jkbd `m|ekio n{kos~ictlkof m odv mosk(|tklkcd ljmt|dko ks| vi~bd~| lios~mls| mqqm~dosj{sei|d cd|qd~msd doitfe si vmos si

smbd sedk~ ivo jkpd| vkjj sekob mfmkok` ks hdmo| m n~dmle i` lios~mls/ Sed{mj|i l{oklmjj{ ~mk|dc vmfd| svkld koiod vddb ko >1== vekle n~itfes sedmpd~mfd nm|kl qm{ i` mo dhqji{dd`~ih =>11 si >111 {do m hiose* i~

Mqqjd* @iulioo moc

Sed kLioih{

Sed ltjs i` Mqqjd9


11/24==\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

~itfej{ `~ih =11/Cdmse hm{ ois lihd n{ iod| ivo

emoc ed~d seitfe/ Ko Hm{ i` >1==*@iulioo mfmko eks sed edmcjkod|

vedo m hm||kpd duqji|kio ~kqqdcse~itfe sed qjmos ved~d sed |eko{mjthkokth nmlb| ì~ Mqqjd| kQmc>m~d qijk|edc* bkjjkof se~dd vi~bd~|moc kogt~kof hmo{ hi~d/ @~ih~dmckof iojkod odv| ~dqi~s|* eivdpd~*sed nkffd|s vi~~{ |ddh| ois si ndmnits sed cdmc moc sedk~ `mhkjkd| ntsmnits vedsed~ sed fmcfds(etof~{ìij| ko sed Vd|s vitjc fds sedk~kQmc> io skhd/

Vi~bd~| ko Lekom s~mpdj `m~ si fdsgin| ko sek| qjmos/ Mo ko(cdqse m~skljdko sed Odv [i~b Skhd|%>4 Gmotm~{+

~dqi~sdc io iod |tle kockpkctmj/ Ks|smsdc7 Vedo H~/ Jmk omjj{ jmocdc m

gin ~dqmk~kof hmlekod| ms sed qjmos*iod i` sed ~|s sekof| ed oiskldc vm|sed mjhi|s njkockof jkfes|/ \ek`s|~mo >3 eit~| m cm{* moc sed `mlsi~{vm| mjvm{| n~kfes/ Ms mo{ hihdos*sed~d vd~d seit|moc| i` vi~bd~||smockof io m||dhnj{ jkod| i~ |ksskofko nmlbjd|| lemk~|* l~itlekof odus sijm~fd hmlekod~{* i~ giffkof ndsvddojimckof nm{|/ \ihd vi~bd~| jdf||vdjjdc |i htle sed{ vmccjdc/ Ks|em~c si |smoc mjj cm{* |mkc Wemi

\edof* m qjmos vi~bd~/Sed m~skljd fid| io si |m{ Nmood~|

io sed vmjj| vm~odc sed =>1*111dhqji{dd|7 Vi~b em~c io sed ginsicm{ i~ vi~b em~c si oc m ginsihi~~iv/ Mqqjd| |tqqjkd~ licdi` lioctls cklsmsd| sems* duldqs kotot|tmj lk~lth|smold|* dhqji{dd|m~d ois |tqqi|dc si vi~b hi~d semo01 eit~| m vddb/ Nts ms @iulioo*|ihd vi~bdc hi~d* mlli~ckof sikosd~pkdv|* vi~bd~| qm{ |stn| moc|t~pd{| n{ its|kcd f~itq|/ H~/ Jmkvm| |iio |qdockof => eit~| m cm{*|ku cm{| m vddb ko|kcd sed `mlsi~{*mlli~ckof si ek| qm{ledlb|/Sed jiof eit~| moc jiv qm{ m~d ois

sed ioj{ k||td/ Sed O[S m~skljd oisd|sems7 H~/ Jmk| lijjdfd cdf~dd domnjdcekh si dm~o m |mjm~{ i` m~itoc #>> mcm{* koljtckof ipd~skhd hi~d semohmo{ ised~|/ Vedo ek| cm{| docdc*ed vitjc ~ds~dms si m |hmjj ndc~iih

gt|s nkf doitfe ì~ m hmss~d||*vm~c~ind moc m cd|b/

Sei|d mllihhicmskio| vd~dndssd~ semo hmo{ i` sed lihqmo{|

ci~h|* ved~d 61*111 @iulioovi~bd~| jkpdc* ms skhd| |st``dc >1qdiqjd si m se~dd(~iih mqm~shdos*dhqji{dd| |mkc/ Jm|s {dm~* m ck|qtsdipd~ qm{ledlb| |ds i`` m ~kis ko iod i`sed ci~hksi~kd|* moc vi~bd~| |sm~sdc

se~ivkof nissjd|* s~m|e lmo| mocmhkof qmqd~ `~ih sedk~ vkociv|*mlli~ckof si vksod||d|/ Svi etoc~dcqijkld i`ld~| v~d|sjdc vkse vi~bd~|*

m~~d|skof dkfes/ M`sd~vm~c* s~m|e lmo|vd~d ~dhipdc* moc qkjd| i` ~tnnk|e moc ~icdos| ndlmhd m q~injdh/

\mcj{* H~ Jmk vm| iod i` sedvi~bd~| bkjjdc ko sed duqji|kio ms sedkQmc qjmos/ Ed |t``d~dc ;1$ nt~o|moc ckdc ko ei|qksmj svi cm{| jmsd~*ek| fk~j`~kdoc ioj{ ~dlifok|kof ekh`~ih ek| jdf|/ Sed duqji|kio vm|jmsd~ ìtoc si empd nddo lmt|dc n{mjthkokth ct|s kfokskof m| se~ddqijk|ekof jkod| vi~bdc lioskotit|j{si bddq tq vkse cdhmoc m `dv vddb|

m`sd~ sed kQmc> vm| jmtoledc/ Kosed c~kpd ì~ q~is| ms mo{ q~kld*seitfe* odksed~ Mqqjd oi~ @iuliooqmkc htle eddc ks |ddh|/ Gt|s |dpdohiose| jmsd~ ko Cdldhnd~ >1== mokQmc `mlsi~{ ko \emofemk duqjicdc`~ih////////kfokskof mjthkokth ct|s*~d|tjskof ko 4; kogt~dc* >< i` sedhei|qksmjk|dc/

@iulioo* eivdpd~ nmc* m~d oissed ioj{ pkjjmko| ko sed qkdld mocMqqjd em| si smbd m jis i` sed njmhd/Vedo sed vi~jc| hdckm |sm~sdcqtnjk|ekof |si~kd| mnits sed|dliockskio|* oismnj{ mo tocd~lipd~~dqi~s `~ih sed Cmkj{ Hmkj* Mqqjdvd~d |eilbdc kosi mlskio/ M hm||kpdmtckskof iqd~mskio i` sedk~ |tqqjkd~|vm| lm~~kdc its moc sed ~d|tjs|qtnjk|edc/ \ihd i` sed|d ~d|tjs||eivdc mjjdfmskio| i` tocd~(

mfd vi~bd~| %tocd~ =0 ko Lekom+ndkof ek~dc ( iod mtcks ko >1=1mlboivjdcfdc ;= dhqji{dd| ìtocsi nd tocd~ sek| mfd i~ vd~d vedosed{ vd~d ek~dc ms @iulioo mjiod/Mjseitfe |ddhkofj{ fikof ko sed ~kfes

ck~dlskio* sed~d k| m jm~fd djdhdos i`|hibd moc hk~~i~| ndkof cdqji{dc/M| m ì~hd~ Mqqjd dudltskpd vkse~|semoc duqd~kdold lihhdosdc

ko sed O[S~dqi~s Oiolihqjkmoldk| sijd~msdc* m| jiof m| sed |tqqjkd~q~ihk|d| si s~{ em~cd~ odus skhd///

Nts ised~| ck|mf~dd/ Nt|kod|| ì~\ilkmj ^d|qio|knkjks{ %N\^+ em| svkldnddo t|dc n{ Mqqjd si mcpk|d io |tlek||td|7 Vdpd |qdos {dm~| sdjjkofMqqjd sed~d m~d |d~kit| q~injdh|moc ~dlihhdockof lemofd|* |mkc mlio|tjsmos Sed{ cios vmos si q~d(dhqs q~injdh|* sed{ gt|s vmos simpikc dhnm~~m||hdos|/

Vekjd Mqqjd hm{ kocddc empd

|qdos >1=1 fdsskof hi~d mcdqs mskcdosk`{kof q~injdh| moc ì~hkofmlskio qjmo| si qts sekof| ~kfes*sed lihqmo{| ivo ~dqi~s mchks|sems k` |kstmskio| empd ois nddo~d|ijpdc vkseko ;1 cm{| i` mo mtcks*ks vkjj ioj{ lioskotd si lijjmni~msdvkse sed |tqqjkd~ sivm~c| `t~sed~khq~ipdhdos/ Ks k| inpkit| sems sedckd em| nddo lm|s ( Mqqjd ~dmjj{ em|oived~d dj|d si fi si fds ks| q~ictls|hmcd7 ks oddc| ks| |tqqjkd~| m| htlem| sed{ oddc Mqqjd/ Nise m~d lmtfesko sed ~djdosjd|| }td|s ì~ q~is msmo{ li|s/ Sek| k| ni~od its n{ Mqqjdndkof mqq~imledc n{ lihqmokd|cd|qd~msd si ndlihd m odv |tqqjkd~/Vedo Mqqjd cdlkcd| si |dd k` sed{ lmo|tqqj{ m qm~skltjm~ q~ictls i~ qm~s*sed{ liosmls sed lihqmo{/ Sed O[S~dqi~s| |m{|7 Vedo sed odv| m~~kpd|

sems Mqqjd k| kosd~d|sdc///|hmjjldjdn~mskio| d~tqs/ Sedo* Mqqjd|~d}td|s| |sm~s/

Mqqjd s{qklmjj{ m|b| |tqqjkd~| si|qdlk`{ eiv htle dpd~{ qm~s li|s|*eiv hmo{ vi~bd~| m~d oddcdc moc

\ihd i` @iulioo| =>1*111 dhqji{dd| ms vi~b

^kfes oiv* lt|sihd~| lm~d hi~d mnits m odv

kQeiod semo vi~bkof liockskio| ko Lekom


12/24


13/24=1=>

JM\S [DM^ Mqqjd dm~odc ipd~ #311*111 ko q~is

qd~ dhqji{dd hi~d semo Fijchmo \mle|* DuuioHinkj i~ Fiifjd/ Mqqjd em| 31*111 ipd~|dm|2 eivdpd~* sedk~ lios~mlsi~|dhqji{dd| othnd~ m~itoc 611*111 dofkodd~|*m||dhnjd~|* dsl/* ko M|km* Dt~iqd moc dj|dved~d%essq7))sko{t~j/lih)6j060el+/

Ve{ Lekom9 Ve{ ois sed T\9Vedo \sdpd Gin| cdhmocdc odv |l~msle(`~dd |l~ddo|ì~ sed odv kQeiod ms |ei~s oiskld m Lekod|d lihqmo{sdocd~kof ì~ sed lios~mls lio|s~tlsdc moc q~dqm~dcq~dhk|d| koljtckof io(|ksd ci~hksi~kd| moc m vm~deit|djjdc vkse fjm|| |mhqjd| vkse dofkodd~| io emoc/ Gt|sko lm|d sed{ fis sed lios~mls/ Sed{ fis ks/ Moc vedosed |l~ddo| vd~d ~dmc{ moc ko s~mo|ks si sed @iulioom||dhnj{ jkod 5*111 vi~bd~| vd~d vibdo tq m~itochkcokfes* fkpdo sdm moc m nk|ltks moc ndfmo m => eit~|ek`s* q~ictlkof ipd~ =1*111 kQeiod| m cm{/ Mlli~ckof siiod dudltskpd* oi Mhd~klmo qjmos lmo hmsle sems/ Mqqjdemc d|skhmsdc sems m~itoc 5*611 koct|s~kmj dofkodd~|vitjc nd oddcdc si ipd~|dd moc ftkcd m >11*111 |s~iofm||dhnj{ jkod i` vi~bd~| vei vitjc nd dhqji{dc kohmot`mlst~kof kQeiod|/ Lihqmo{ momj{|s| emc ì~dlm|sks vitjc smbd tq si okod hiose| si oc sems hmo{}tmjkdc dofkodd~| ko sed T\/ Ko Lekom ks siib =4 cm{|/

Ko =;5< sed Mqqjd Hml vm| hmcd ko Mhd~klm2 n{ >113Mqqjd q~ictls| vd~d ko jm~fd qm~s hmot`mlst~dc moc

m||dhnjdc mn~imc/ Lt~~dosj{ sed |i`svm~d moc Mqqjd|kooipmskpd hm~bdskof lmhqmkfo| m~d l~dmsdc ko sed T\n{ =11 `tjj(skhd dhqji{dd| moc sed |dhklioctlsi~| m~dhmcd ko Sdum| n{ >*311 dhqji{dd| i` \itse Bi~dm|\mh|tof/

Hmot`mlst~kof sed kQeiod| ko sed T\ vitjc kol~dm|dsed q~kld i` dmle qeiod n{ mnits #04 vekj|s sed q~is k|i`sdo etoc~dc| i` cijjm~| qd~ qeiod/ Sed hmko `mlsi~ ì~empkof hipdc sed pm|s hmgi~ks{ i` gin| si Lekom k| oissed li|s i` vmfd| nts hi~d si ci vkse kopdosi~{ li|s|*

|tqqj{ lemko| moc sed skhd kopijpdc ko |lmjkof q~ictlskio

tq moc civo* qjt| ks| |skjj dm|kd~ si n{qm|| jmnit~~dftjmskio| moc si ek~d moc ~d ko Lekom semo ko sed T\/

Ks k| ì~ ~dm|io| jkbd sed|d sems |i hmo{ hkccjd(vmfdgin| empd ck|mqqdm~dc ko sed jm|s svi cdlmcd| `~ihsed T\/ Mo{ odv gin| sems m~d l~dmsdc sed~d m~d hi|sj{ko sed |d~pkld koct|s~{ ~d|smt~mos|* lmjj(ldos~d|*ei|qksmj| moc sdhqi~m~{ vi~b* vkse jkssjd tqvm~c hinkjks{iqqi~stokskd|/ Mqqjd| ivo ekfe(sdle qjmos ko Lmjkì~okmndlmhd mo Mqqjd Lm~d lmjj ldos~d vkse gin| ms #=> qd~eit~/

Hm~sko Em~s(Jmoc|nd~f %essq7))sko{t~j/lih)60m60l|+qikos| its sems sed hmot`mlst~dc fiic| i` Lekom| siqduqi~sd~|* seitfe ~dli~cdc m| Lekod|d q~ictls|* koljtcdm~itoc 01$ i` mjj ksdh| moc 54$ i` sed ekfe(sdle ksdh|q~ictldc n{ ì~dkfo lihqmokd| iqd~mskof ko Lekom/ Edmj|i lksd| ft~d| `~ih sed T\ Nt~dmt i` Jmni~ \smsk|skl||eivkof hmot`mlst~kof dhqji{hdos ko Lekom `mjjkofndsvddo =;;3 moc >110 `~ih =>1/0 hkjjkio si ===/0=hkjjkio moc* ko qm~skltjm~* t~nmo hmot`mlst~kof %hi|sj{ì~dkfo+ `mjjkof `~ih 43/;> hkjjkio si * =< i~ =3 {dm~|i` mfd moc jdfmjj{ sii {itof si nddhqji{dc/ Ed jdm~odc i` sed oismjbkof ~tjd io sed m||dhnj{ jkod*i` sed |tqqi|dcj{ i`lkmjj{ doì~ldcdkfes eit~ |ek`s| mlstmjj{ ndkof =>moc i`sdo =0 eit~|* i` sed liol~dsdniu => ìis n{ => ìis ci~hksi~kd|vkse tq si =4 ndc|* i` sed lmhd~m|io sed m||dhnj{ jkod* ko sed ~iih|*ko sed li~~kci~|* dpd~{ved~d/ Mocdpd~{sekof emoc m||dhnjdcndlmt|dks| ledmqd~ semo ko|smjjkof duqdo|kpdekfe sdle m||dhnj{ d}tkqhdos/

@i~ hi~d cdsmkj io Hkbd Cmk|d{|duqd~kdold| ko Lekom ~d|dm~lekofMqqjd jk|sdo si i~ ~dmc Sek|Mhd~klmo Jk`d %essq7))sko{t~j/lih)5m{q}5m+/

Hkbd Cmk|d{



Cd|qksd mjj sed sdleoijifklmjkooipmskio* lihqtskof k| mjjsii i`sdo m `~t|s~mskof moc

jkhkskof duqd~kdold/ K| sek| ndlmt|dFiifjd* Mqqjd* @mldniib i~ Hkl~i|i`sm~d dpkj moc jilb civo em~cvm~d*qjmsì~h|* |i`svm~d moc liosdos9 OI-K| sek| ndlmt|d vd |eitjc mjj mpikcq~iq~kdsm~{ |i`svm~d* dpdo `~ddvm~d ko`mpit~ i` htstmj li(iqd~mskpd iqdo(|it~ld q~igdls| |tle m| Jkotu9 Vdjjsek| k| nm~dj{ emj` sed |si~{ m| lmo nd|ddo vedo `~dd iqdo(|it~ld |i`svm~d

k| ois khhtod si koct|s~{ s~doc||tle m| ljitc lihqtskof* njims* d{d(lmoc{* odv pd~|kio `dsk|ek|mskio mocmqq |si~d|/ Sed djdqemos ko sed ~iihk| sed n~imc ek|si~klmj s~doc| ko sedkoct|s~{ vekle m``dls `~dd |i`svm~d|ihdvems jd|| semo q~iq~kdsm~{|i`svm~d moc hk~~i~ sed koct|s~kmj~dpijtskio moc sdoc si ck|dhqivd~*jkhks moc mjkdomsd %ko sed Hm~uk|s|do|d+ sed doc t|d~/ \i`svm~d mocqd~|iomj lihqtskof |t``d~| `~ihljm|| ckpk|kio|/

>1== vm| moised~ {dm~ i` e{qd

ì~ ljitc lihqtskof/ Ko Gtod >1==Fiifjd jmtoledc sed Le~ihdniibmoc Mqqjd mooitoldc kLjitc/ SedFiifjd Le~ihdniib k| oi i~ckom~{jmqsiq* ks ~djkd| io |si~kof |i`svm~dmoc {it~ cmsm io Fiifjd |d~pd~|/ Sek|k| lmjjdc ljitc lihqtskof moc em|nddo lio|kcd~dc sed odus nkf sekof koKS n{ hm~bds duqd~s| ì~ |ihd {dm~|/

Sed sd~h ljitc k| mqq~iq~kmsd |koldks| ndods| m~d odntjit| moc ks hm{mj|i ~dq~d|dos cm~b ljitc| io sedei~kwio ì~ qd~|iomj lihqtskof/Sed ek|si~{ i` qd~|iomj lihqtskof

k| mjhi|s m| ijc m|sed ~|s

hmoodc hiio jmockof ko =;0;*moc ko sdleoijifklmj sd~h|* sedqd~|iomj lihqtsd~| i` sicm{ m~dld~smkoj{ hi~d mcpmoldc/ Ve{ iodm~se k| qd~|iomj lihqtskof sedo* m`~t|s~mskof moc jkhkskof duqd~kdold9N{ =;04* Fi~cio D/ Hii~d emcq~dcklsdc sed ~msd i` mcpmoldhdos kolihqtsd~ em~cvm~d %citnjkof dpd~{=5 hiose|+* vekle em| q~ipdc jm~fdj{mllt~msd/ N{ =;6

M| ko sed koct|s~kmj ~dpijtskio* q~if~d|| ko sed lihqtsd~ ~dpijtskio lihd| ms m q~kld/

Eiv lihqtskof

t|dc si nd ciod


15/24=4\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

moc t|d~| dulemofdc |i`svm~d koljm||kdc| mcpd~sk|dhdos|/ \i`svm~dcdpdjiqd~| hkfes ois empd jkbdc ks*nts hmfmwkod| vd~d mo khqi~smoslemoodj ì~ ck|s~kntskio/ Mlldqsmnjd|i`svm~d li|s| si t|d~| vd~d fdod~mjj{~dfm~cdc m| sed li|s i` sed ck|b mocsek| vm| sed msskstcd ko nt|kod||d|m| vdjj m| ms eihd/ Sed jkhksmskio|i` sed em~cvm~d i` sed skhd hdmos

mj|i sems cdpdjiqd~| vd~d duqdlsdcsi iqskhkwd licd si nd m| `m|s m|qi||knjd/

Vkociv| ;4Sed qd~|iomj lihqtsd~ koct|s~{f~dv ~mqkcj{ ipd~ |tn|d}tdos {dm~|/N{ =;;>* Mhkfm| emc `mjjdo n{ sedvm{|kcd/ Msm~k| vd~d ledmqd~ moc ko=;;< litjc nim|s htjsk(sm|bkof ntsn{ sedo ks vm| sii jmsd/ M hioiqij{qi|kskio emc mj~dmc{ nddo d|smnjk|edcn{ KNH(QL lihqmsknjd em~cvm~dmoc Hkl~i|i`s lio|ijkcmsdc sedk~

hioiqij{ ko |i`svm~d vkse m #116+ lihhdos|7

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lihqtskof q~d||/Nkjj Fmsd| lihhdosdc7 Kh |m{kof

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Sed pk|kio i` m lihqtsd~ ko dpd~{eihd ndfmo si jiib cmsdc/ Ko|sdmc*ìlt| |ek`sdc si dolit~mfkof duk|skoflihqtsd~ t|d~| si tqf~mcd |i`svm~d/Ks |tksdc em~cvm~d hmot`mlst~d~|sems |i`svm~d tqcmsd| |eitjc hmbdijcd~ lihqtsd~| |jivd~/ Ved~dm|sed dm~jkd~ s~doc vm| ì~ ~|s(skhdem~cvm~d |mjd| si lihd qmlbmfdcvkse |i`svm~d* oiv |i`svm~d |mjd|

%vkse m~sklkmj nm~~kd~|+ vitjc c~kpdsed oddc si nt{ odv em~cvm~d/

Fmhd| mj|i qjm{dc m nkf qm~s koc~kpkof dm~j{ em~cvm~d |mjd| i` sed~|s qd~|iomj lihqtsd~| ko sed eihd/Fmhd| ~dpdotd dpdostmjj{ ipd~siibsed hipkd moc ht|kl koct|s~{ mocfmhd| vd~d dpdo cd|l~kndc m| sedjdmckof m~sì~h i` sed d~m/ Sedjmsd|s Lmjj i` Cts{ fmhd vm| sednkffd|s dosd~smkohdos jmtole dpd~ko ~dpdotd sd~h|/ Fmhd| edjqdcc~kpd sed koct|s~{ tqf~mcd| ntshmo{ t|d~| ~djtlsmold si tqf~mcd

qd~|k|sdc* moc Vkociv| |mjd|se~itfe ~dsmkj lemoodj| lioskotdcsi cdljkod/ Qjmoodc in|ijd|ldoldoddcdc kos~ictlkof hi~d ì~ld`tjj{*moc |tn|l~knd~(lihqtskof mocsed kosd~ods vm| mnits si i``d~ sediqqi~stoks{ si ci ks/Sed dhd~fdold i` pk~t|d| moc

hmjvm~d io sed nt~fdiokof kosd~odsedjqdc sed |i`svm~d tqcmsd koct|s~{/

Sed kcdm i` |i`svm~d |q{kof io sedt|d~ i~ ised~vk|d lihq~ihk|kofq~kpml{* vm| |ihdsekof hmjvm~d mocpk~t|d| ckc* ois jdfkskhmsd |i`svm~d/T|d~| ivodc sedk~ |i`svm~d mocmo{sekof dj|d vm| mo mjkdo lioldqs/M| iod t|d~ io H\@O/i~f qts ks7

K vkjj odpd~ tocd~|smoc ve{t|d~| sijd~msd i~ mlldqs sek|/ K` mokockpkctmj i~ lihqmo{ cdhmocdcsems {it q~ipd sems {it ckc ois |sdmj

{it~ eihd i~ lm~* {itc dpdostmjj{jd |ihd bkoc i` lihqjmkos i~em~m||hdos lem~fd| mfmko|s sedh/K` sed |mhd |smocm~c| sems m~d t|dcì~ mqqjklmskio| vd~d mqqjkdc siiqd~mskof |{|sdh|* UQ moc odvd~

|{|sdh| vitjc nd ljm||kdc m||q{vm~d/ Vkociv| em| nddo fikof kosed iqqi|ksd ck~dlskio ì~ |ihd skhd*vkse dmle odv pd~|kio fkpkof sed t|d~jd|| lios~ij ipd~ vems ks cid| mocjd|| mlld|| si sed cmsm ks |si~d|/Sek| lihì~smnjd qi|kskio i`

m~itoc ;1 qd~ldos hm~bds |em~dlitjc ois nd se~dmsdodc n{ mo{~kpmj|/ Git~omjk|s| i` sed lihqtskofq~d|| hkfes empd nddo sdhqsdc sicd|l~knd sed em~cvm~d moc |i`svm~dhioiqijkd| m| sed doc i` eihdqd~|iomj lihqtskof ek|si~{/ Nts si

ci |i* vitjc empd nddo m| ìijk|e m|@~molk| @tbt{mhm| ljmkh si empd~dmledc Sed Doc i` Ek|si~{ m cdlmcddm~jkd~/CGV

Nkjj Fmsd|



Nmobd~| m~d toqiqtjm~/ Ois sed i~ckom~{ nmob sdjjd~i~ sed nmlb(tq KS |sm``* nts sed ck~dlsi~| moc siqhmomfd~| vei mvm~c sedh|djpd| etfd |mjm~kd| moc

nkf niot|d|/ Sed{ m~d |i toqiqtjm~* ko `mls* sems sed lekd`dudltskpd i` î{mj Nmob i` \lisjmoc* \sdqedo Ed|sd~* em|nddo ì~ldc si fkpd tq m niot| i` odm~j{ =h vekjd ek|q~dcdld||i~* \k~ @~dc Fiicvko* em| nddo |s~kqqdc i` ek|bokfeseiic/Sed nmob| cd`doc sedh|djpd| n{ m~ftkof sems sed{

n~kof vdmjse kosi N~ksmko* moc qm{ m lio|kcd~mnjdmhitos i` smu io ks/ \ihd dpdo cd|l~knd sedh|djpd|m| vdmjse l~dmsi~|/ Sek| k| mn|t~c/ Vems nmob| ci k|lihqdsd ì~ m |em~d i` sed qiij i` vdmjse mj~dmc{ l~dmsdcn{ sed q~ictlskpd |dlskio| i` sed vi~jc| vi~bkof ljm||*vdmjse vekle k| dus~mlsdc `~ih sedh m| |t~qjt| pmjtd/

Sed{ lmo nd hi~d i~ jd|| |tlld||`tj ko cikof sek|/ Nmob||kstmsdc ko N~ksmko lmo lemoodj |ihd i` sed vi~jc||t~qjt| pmjtd sek| vm{ vekle hkfes ised~vk|d empd fioddj|dved~d* nts sek| k| lmqst~kof |t~qjt| pmjtd ~msed~semo l~dmskof vdmjse/ Ko sek| vm{* nmob| ci n~kof q~is|si N~ksmko moc sed smud| sed{ qm{ io ks edjq omoldsed lmqksmjk|s |smsd/ Ks| mo m~fthdos sems lm~~kd| |ihd

vdkfes vkse ised~ lmqksmjk|s| moc vkse sed fipd~ohdos*vedsed~ Si~{* Limjkskio i~ Jmnit~ %moc ks vm| Jmnit~ veibokfesdc Fiicvko+* vekle hmomfd| sed fdod~mj m``mk~| i`TB Qjl/Sed qiqtjm~ qd~ldqskio i` nmob| m| hd~dj{ |et`kof

hiod{ ~msed~ semo q~ictlkof mo{sekof t|d`tj k| nm|klmjj{

li~~dls* dpdo k` ks cid|os fi mo{ cddqd~ semosems/ Vdmjse m| |ihdsekof t|d`tj si ethmojkpkof lmo ioj{ nd q~ictldc n{ ethmo|mqqj{kof sedk~ qe{|klmj moc hdosmj dod~fkd|si hmsd~kmj sems i~kfkomjj{ lmhd `~ih omst~dsi `m|ekio ks kosi |ihdsekof t|d`tj/ M| mo dm~j{qijksklmj dlioihk|s* \k~ Vkjjkmh Qdss{* qts ks kosed |dpdosddose ldost~{* Jmnit~ k| sed `msed~ mocsed Dm~se k| sed hised~ i` mjj vdmjse/ Oi nmob*ois dpdo mo{ nmob vi~bd~* k| dofmfdc ko sedq~ictlskio i` vdmjse m| sed{ m~d ois kopijpdc kos~mo|ì~hkof hmsd~kmj| `~ih omst~d kosi |ihdsekoft|d`tj/ Sek| k| ois si |m{ sems nmob| ci ois qjm{mo khqi~smos ~ijd vkseko sed lmqksmjk|s |{|sdh/

Sed{ m~d qm~s i` sed ckpk|kio i` jmnit~ vksekosed lmqksmjk|s ljm||/ K` nmob| ckcos duk|s sedokoct|s~kmj lmqksmjk|s| vitjc empd si nd sedk~ ivonmobd~|/

Tocd~ lmqksmjk|h* m| tocd~ mjj |ilkmj |{|sdh|*vdmjse k| q~ictldc n{ ethmo jmnit~ mlskof iohmsd~kmj| sems lmhd `~ih omst~d/ Nts lmqksmjk|hk| m ljm||(ckpkcdc |ilkds{ ko vekle sed hdmo| ì~

q~ictlkof vdmjse `mlsi~kd|* hmlekod|* hdmo|i` s~mo|qi~s moc lihhtoklmskio m| vdjj m| ~mvhmsd~kmj| m~d hioiqijk|dc n{ m hkoi~ks{/ Iosei|d hdmo| sed ~d|s i` t| m~d cdqdocdos mocko sedh vdmjse k| q~ictldc ì~ |mjd vkse m pkdvsi m q~is ì~ sek| hkoi~ks{/ Svi lio|d}tdold|

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17/24=6\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

ìjjiv/ @k~|s* vdmjse ml}tk~d| m pmjtd %~djmsdc ko sed docsi sed mhitos i` jmnit~ ~d}tk~dc si q~ictld ks `~ih|sm~s si ok|e+/ \dlioc* sems sei|d kopijpdc ko sed mlstmjq~ictlskio i` vdmjse m~d duqjiksdc sed{ q~ictld hi~dpmjtd semo vems sed{ m~d qmkc ì~ sed |mjd moc mqqjklmskioi` sedk~ hdosmj moc qe{|klmj dod~fkd|/ Sek| |t~qjt|pmjtd k| sed |it~ld i` mjj q~is* ois gt|s sed q~is i`sed koct|s~kmj lmqksmjk|s| nts mj|i i` sed q~is i` sei|dlmqksmjk|s| dofmfdc ko oio(q~ictlskpd mlskpkskd| |tle m||djjkof moc nmobkof/

\tle oio(q~ictlskpd mlskpkskd| m~d odld||m~{ tocd~lmqksmjk|h moc k` sed{ vd~d ois i~fmok|dc n{ kocdqdocdosnt|kod||d| sedo sed koct|s~kmj lmqksmjk|s| vitjc empdsi m~~mofd ì~ sek| sedh|djpd|/ Sed{ vitjc empd si skdtq |ihd i` sedk~ lmqksmj ko m cdqm~shdos si |djj sedk~q~ictls si sed omj t|d~| i~ ko m `toc si omold jiofd~(sd~h mlskpkskd|/ Ks q~ipdc hi~d liopdokdos moc ko `mlshi~d q~ismnjd si ko d``dls ekpd i`` sed|d mlskpkskd| sikocdqdocdos nt|kod||d|/ Nts sek| |skjj kopijpdc |em~kof|ihd i` sed |t~qjt| pmjtd dus~mlsdc `~ih sedk~ vi~bd~|vkse sed|d ekpdc(i`` nt|kod||d|/

Nmob| hmbd sedk~ q~is| its i` q~ipkckof |ihd |d~pkld|ì~ ised~ lmqksmjk|s nt|kod||d|* nts d||doskmjj{ its i`jdockof hiod{ si sedh moc fdsskof m |em~d i` sed |t~qjt|

pmjtd m| kosd~d|s/ Sed hiod{ sed{ jdoc litjc nd sedk~ ivoi~* hi~d jkbdj{* ks litjc nd hiod{ sed{ empd sedh|djpd|ni~~ivdc* seitfe ms m jivd~ ~msd i` kosd~d|s/ Vekjd |ihdlmqksmjk|s ~h| empd m oddc si duqmoc q~ictlskio* ised~|vkjj empd m sdhqi~m~{ lm|e |t~qjt|2 sed dlioihkl ~ijd i`nmob| k| si lemoodj hiod{ `~ih sei|d vei cios oddc ksì~ sed skhd ndkof si sei|d vei vmos si kopd|s ks/ Sed{ m~ddlioihkl kosd~hdckm~kd|/Sed |em~d(its i` sed |t~qjt| pmjtd q~ictldc n{ sed

q~ictlskpd |dlskio i` sed vi~bkof ljm|| lihd| mnitsse~itfe sed mpd~mfkof i` sed ~msd i` q~is/ Ck``d~dos

mhitos| i` |t~qjt| pmjtd m~d q~ictldc kock``d~dos koct|s~kd|* nts k` lmqksmjk|s ~h|

vd~d mnjd si bddq m| sedk~ q~is mjjsed |t~qjt| pmjtd q~ictldc kosedh sedo |ihd koct|s~kd| vitjcnd hi~d q~ismnjd semo ised~|/

Si sed dusdos sems sek| sdoc| siemqqdo sed ekfed~ ~msd i` q~is|mss~mls| hi~d lmqksmjk|s| si sedkoct|s~{* jdmckof

si hi~d ndkofq~ictldc moc siq~kld| moc q~is|

`mjjkof/ Ko sed docsed d}tkjkn~kth

qi|kskio %vekle k|

odpd~ ~dmledc+ k|vedo lmqksmj kopd|sdcved~dpd~* koljtckofko oio(q~ictlskpd

mlskpkskd|* vitjc hmbdsed |mhd ~msd i` q~is/

Ks| m| k` mjj sed|t~qjt| pmjtd q~ictldcko mjj koct|s~kd|vm| qiijdc moc sems

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vksec~mv `~ih ks m| htleq~is m| sed{ lmo/ Sek|

fkpd| ~k|d si sed kjjt|kio semsks k| sed nt|kod|| mlthdo

i` sed ck~dlsi~| i~ hmomfd~|sems cdsd~hkod| sed mhitos

i` q~is m ~h hmbd|/ Sek|k| s~td ioj{ si m ld~smko dusdos/

Sed mhitos i` q~is m qm~skltjm~ ~h hmbd| cid| cdqdocio sed cdlk|kio| i` sei|d hmomfkof sed ~h/ Ndkof mnjdsi |dd s~doc| moc ìjjiv sedh tq* ndkof hi~d d`lkdosmoc sed jkbd lmo n~kof m ~h ekfed~ q~is|/ Sek| k| ve{|ihd ~h| m~d q~dqm~dc si qm{ sedk~ siq hmomfd~| nkfniot|d|* io sed m||thqskio sems sedk~ |bkjj| vkjj n~kof ko

hi~d hiod{ semo sed mhitos i` sed niot|/ Vedsed~ sek|k| ko `mls sed lm|d i~ vedsed~ sed siq hmomfd~| m~d |khqj{qjtocd~kof sed |em~deijcd~| k| mo iqdo }td|skio/ Ko mo{dpdos* ks k| ois sed nt|kod|| |bkjj| i` sei|d ko lem~fd i`m ~h sems l~dmsd sed q~is|2 sed{ ioj{ vksec~mv sedh`~ih sed qiij i` |t~qjt| pmjtd q~dpkit|j{ q~ictldc n{ sedvi~bkof ljm||* lmqst~kof sedh m| vd |mkc/ Moc sed hi~dsed{ lmqst~d sed nkffd~ sed niot| |ihd fds/Sed mpd~mfkof i` sed ~msd i` q~is hdmo| sems ko d``dls

sed veijd lmqksmjk|s ljm|| duqjiks| sed veijd vi~bkofljm||/ \i vi~bd~| empd em| oi kosd~d|s ko |kofjkof its iod|dlskio* ì~ ko|smold nmobd~|* ì~ |qdlkmj iqqi|kskio/ Sed{m~d mjj ko ks sifdsed~ moc |eitjc nd cdoitoldc d}tmjj{ m|duqjiksd~| moc qm~m|ksd|/

Vd empd i` lit~|d oi |{hqmse{ ì~ \sdqedo Ed|sd~ moc@~dc Fiicvko* nts sed{ m~d ioj{ |lmqdfims| ì~ sed |ko|i` lmqksmjk|h/ M| `m~ m| vd~d liold~odc sed |kcd |eivi` sedh ndkof |ml~kldc k| ois fikof si cds~mls t| `~ihlmhqmkfokof si fds ~kc i` lmqksmjk|h mjsifdsed~/MCMH NTKLB

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Dt~iqdmo Nmob* Nmob i` Lmomcm


18/24=5 \ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>~

M Lmqksmj Oiskio

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vi~bd~|/ \i ks| m smu io sed ~kle* ois n{ sed `~ios cii~

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it~ld i` ~dpdotd `~ih sed ~kle* vekle k| oi hmjj sekof/Moc ks hm{ nd sems m vi~bkof ljm| vekle ndjkdpd| ksdj`

si nd sed it~ld i` smsd hiod{ vkjj sdoc si mjj{ ks|kosd~ds| vkse sems smsd* kosdmc i` ndkof m~~mkfodc m|itskcd~| mfmkos ks/VQ7 Lmo tle m vi~bkof ljm|* set| mssd~dc mnipd ks|cdf~dd* nd bdqs ko ctd smskio* K viocd~9DL7 Sems k| ì~ eksi~{ si topdkj* |k~/ K hd~dj{ lms

mllitos| ko sed q~ddos/ Nts K ndjkdpd m ljm| veklesekob| ksdj` mj~dmc{ ko qivd~ vkjj |dd oi oddc si

dkwd qivd~/ N{ tle f~moc kjjt|kio| k| s~td qivd~hmkosmkodc/

VQ7 M~d sed{ mjj m| hm~s m| {it ko sed S~dmt~{9 K|emjj empd si vmsle its/

S~mol~kndc n{ QG\

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vems qtnjkl hiod{ k| t|dc ì~/+

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=5 \ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>


19/24=;\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

Lmqksmjk|h ko mlskioKO M |qddle ko Gmotm~{ Cmpkc Lmhd~io smjbdc mnits t|kof

sek| l~k|k| ko lmqksmjk|h si khq~ipd hm~bds|* ois tocd~hkod

sedh/ Ms jdm|s ed mchks| sems lmqksmjk|h cid| empd l~k|d|*

vekle k| q~if~d|| lihqm~dc si sed q~dpkit| Q~khd Hkok|sd~/

Ed |mkc ed vmosdc sed|d ck`ltjs dlioihkl skhd| si jdmc

si m |ilkmjj{ ~d|qio|knjd moc fdotkodj{ qiqtjm~ lmqksmjk|h/Iod ko vekle sed qivd~ i` sed hm~bds moc sed injkfmskio|

i` ~d|qio|knkjks{ lihd sifdsed~/ Iod ko vekle vd khq~ipd

sed hm~bds n{ hmbkof ks `mk~ m| vdjj m| `~dd* moc ko vekle

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dj|d fid| io m| ndì~d* vkse q~is| lihkof ndì~d qdiqjd

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m| vdjj m| ks| |s~dofse|/ Oi s~td Lio|d~pmskpd em| m ompd

ndjkd` sems mjj qijkskl| em| si ci k| |sdq nmlb moc jds

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ck``d~dold ko sed vi~jc ndsvddo m

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Hkjknmoc| mssdoskio Hm~u| qklst~d i` lmqksmjk|h m| l~dmskpd*

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moc nt|s %Skhd|* 6 Gmotm~{+/

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in|d~pdc m`sd~ sed lijjmq|d i` Jdehmo N~ised~| sems sed

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vei hmbd hk|smbd| m~d mllitosmnjd ì~ sedh/ Vems l~kskl| m~dsii em|s{ si |dd m| lmqksmjk|h ko l~k|k| k|* ko `mls* lmqksmjk|h ko

mlskio/

@mjjkof jkpkof |smocm~c| moc lts| si |ilkmj mhdokskd|*

oddcdc ko m l~k|k| si edjq ~d|si~d sed q~ismnkjks{ sems c~kpd|

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kosd~pdokof* m| ms q~d|dos* si edjq

jds lmqksmjk|h ~kq/

INKSTM^[

Nin Hm~|emjj

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20/24>1 \ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

Niib ^dpkdv|

Fk`s| moc Fkpkof

Jk`d vkseits Hiod{/ Moks~m Odj|iomoc @~mo| Skhhd~hmo* dc|/ Qjtsi=0/

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Ks k| ld~smkoj{~d`~d|ekof si lihd ml~i|| m niibsems cdmj| |d~kit|j{ vkse sed kcdmi` m vi~jc vkseits hiod{/ M| seddcksi~| |m{ ko sed ~|s lemqsd~* ì~

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mssdhqs| si jkpd vkseits hiod{/ Iodcdmj| vkse sed Svko Imb| kosdoskiomjlihhtoks{ ko Pk~fkokm %essq7))

svkoimb|/i~f+* vekle ~djkd| io m pd~{lihqjdu |{|sdh i` jmnit~ l~dcks|/ Sedised~ lipd~| sed |}tmssd~ lihhtoks{ko sed Nm~ldjiom m~dm/ Sed |}tmssd~|jkpd n{* ì~ ko|smold* ~dl{ljkof ìic%vekle vitjc ised~vk|d nd cthqdc+`~ih sed qi~s m~dm* nts sed{ ci oddc|hmjj mhitos| i` hiod{/Gieo IOdkjj moc Mcmh Ntklb

cdmj vkse sed dlioihkl lmjltjmskiom~fthdos sems ko |ilkmjk|h sed~d lmond oi |kofjd toks n{ hdmo| i` veklemjsd~omskpd mlskio| lmo nd lihqm~dc%|tle m| q~kld| |tqqi|dcj{ q~ipkcd

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kosd~d|skof d||m{ io m fk`s dlioih{ved~d q~ictls| m~d dksed~ lio|thdcck~dlsj{ n{ q~ictld~| i~ hmcdmpmkjmnjd si ised~| m| fk`s|/ Sek|k| m |smocm~c lioldqs ko sed vi~bi` mose~iqijifk|s| jiibkof ms q~d(hicd~o %moc |ihd hicd~o+ |ilkdskd|*moc ks| vi~se dosd~kof fk`s dlioih{ko mo kosd~ods |dm~le dofkod/ Kshkfes nd mlldqsmnjd m| m qm~skmjlem~mlsd~k|mskio i` |ilkmjk|h* duldqssems ko m lihqjdu koct|s~kmj |ilkds{q~ictld~| lmoois lio|thd htle i`sedk~ ivo q~ictls|* moc hi|s fiic|

m~d q~ictldc n{ hmo{ ck``d~dosvi~bd~| li(iqd~mskof ms ck``d~dos|smfd|/ Jdme{ mj|i dhqem|k|d| sed~ijd sems hkfes nd qjm{dc n{ e{n~kc|i` m fk`s dlioih{ moc lmqksmjk|h*cdpdjiqhdos| vekle kopijpdkol~dm|dc lios~ij i` q~ictlskio mocck|s~kntskio n{ q~ictld~| io |ihdnm|k| ised~ semo q~is/ Sed kcdm k|sems sed|d e{n~kc| litjc f~mctmjj{

nd duqmocdc |i sems tjskhmsdj{m fk`s dlioih{ litjc smbd ipd~`~ih lmqksmjk|h lihqjdsdj{/ Oiv*ks| qi||knjd sems* m| sed |ilkmjk|shipdhdos f~iv|* e{n~kc(s{qdm~~mofdhdos| vkjj ndlihd hi~dlihhio* m| qdiqjd kol~dm|kofj{~dgdls vmfd jmnit~* nts ks vkjj em~cj{nd qi||knjd ì~ sek| si ~dqjmld m~dpijtskio si hmbd sed vi~jc|~d|it~ld| lihhio q~iqd~s{/

M omj lemqsd~ n{ sed dcksi~|~dkoì~ld| sek| oiskio i` m f~mctmjlemofdipd~* koljtckof sed kcdm i`

oio(hiodsm~{ dulemofd %m| iqqi|dcsi sed |ilkmjk|s q~iqi|mj si mnijk|edulemofd dosk~dj{+/ Cd|qksd sek|*seitfe* sed pijthd m| m veijd i``d~|m ~d`~d|ekof jiib ms mjsd~omskpd| silmqksmjk|h/QN

Cd`{kofcklsmsi~|ekq|

@~ih Cklsmsi~|ekq si Cdhil~ml{7

M Lioldqstmj @~mhdvi~b ì~Jknd~mskio/ Fdod \em~q/ \d~qdos|Smkj* >1==/

Fdod \em~q k|mo Mhd~klmo|leijm~ vei em|mj~dmc{ qtnjk|edc|dpd~mj vi~b|mnits oio(pkijdosqiqtjm~ mlskio i~

sed sd~h ed oivq~d`d~| qijksklmjcdmold m| m|s~msdf{ si vdmbdomoc dpdostmjj{

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{dm~| i` ~d|dm~le/ Ks em| mqqdm~dcko ipd~ sek~s{ jmoftmfd| moc k| |mkcsi empd kotdoldc hmo{ i` sed~dldos mosk(cklsmsi~|ekq hipdhdos|

se~itfeits sed vi~jc/\em~q cid| ois qjm{ civo seddoi~hit| ck`ltjskd| `mlkof mo{ oio(pkijdos hipdhdos sems smbd| io mvdjj(dos~doledc cklsmsi~|ekq/ Sei|dvei |sm~s |tle m hipdhdos ht|s

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Mjj sed |mhd* ed m~ftd|* pkijdos~d|k|smold %ised~ sekof| ndkofd}tmj+ dosmkj| dpdo jm~fd~ lm|tmjskd|moc em| dpdo qii~d~ q~i|qdls|

i` |tlld||/ Sems k| ndlmt|d ks|s~kbd| ms sed |s~iofd|s qikos i` mcklsmsi~|ekq ks| lmqmlks{ ì~ pkijdoslid~lkio/ Oio(pkijdos cdmold mkh|ms m cklsmsi~|ekq| vdmbd|s qikosi~ Mlekjjd| eddj ks| oddc ì~ sedliiqd~mskio i` sed qdiqjd ks ~tjd|/

M cklsmsi~|ekq lmo hmomfdvkseits n~imc mlskpd|tqqi~s* nts ks|`tolskiokof cid| cdqdoc io m ld~smkohkokhth i` qm||kpd sijd~mskiomoc lihqjkmold vkse ks| cdhmoc|/Nd{ioc |ihd qikos* sed vksec~mvmji` liiqd~mskio tocd~hkod| sed

d``dlskpdod|| moc lied|kio i` m~dfkhd moc sed ~djkmnkjks{ i` ks| m~hdcì~ld| si |tle mo dusdos sems ks gt|s`mjj| mqm~s/

Htle i` sed niib lio|k|s| i` mcpkldmnits eiv si cd|kfo moc khqjdhdosm |s~msdfkl qjmo i` qijksklmj cdmold/Io sed veijd* sed mcpkld |ddh||do|knjd doitfe/ @i~ ko|smold* \em~qt~fd| mlskpk|s| si cdpdjiq m lmhqmkfon{ f~mctmj |smfd|* hmkosmkokofoio(pkijdos ck|lkqjkod moc mpikckofq~dhmst~d hm|| q~isd|s| sems duqi|dq~isd|si~| si veijd|mjd |jmtfesd~/

Ko q~mlskld* eivdpd~* sed |liqd ì~|tle lm~d`tj |s~msdfk|kof k| jkhksdc/Qiqtjm~ q~isd|s sdoc| si |q~dmc|qiosmodit|j{* kotdoldc jd|| n{~mskiomj lmjltjmskio semo n{ dhiskio*koljtckof m cd|k~d si liq{ hipdhdos|ko ised~ litos~kd| ved~d liockskio|hm{ nd pd~{ ck``d~dos/ Set|* khksmskioi` sed |tlld||`tj oio(pkijdoshipdhdos| ko Stok|km moc Df{qs jdcsi hm||ml~d moc lkpkj vm~ ko Jkn{mmoc oiv \{~km/

\em~q qikos| its sems sed

ck|kosdf~mskio i` m cklsmsi~kmj~dfkhd cid| ois odld||m~kj{ jdmcsi cdhil~ml{/ Moised~ qi||knjditslihd k| m hkjksm~{ litq/ Eivdpd~*ed cid| ois `mld sed `mls sems `m~ `~ihmjj mosk(cklsmsi~|ekq mlskpk|s| hd~kssed jmndj i` cdhil~ms/ Ko }tksd m `dvqjmld| ois ioj{ Hi|jdh litos~kd|nts mj|i ^t||km* ì~ ko|smold hmo{i` sei|d q~isd|skof mfmko|s moduk|skof cklsmsi~|ekq hd~dj{ |ddbsi ~dqjmld ks vkse m cklsmsi~|ekq i`m ck``d~dos s{qd* iod sed{ eiqd vkjjnd jd|| li~~tqs moc empd |s~iofd~

omskiomjk|s i~ ~djkfkit| l~dcdoskmj|/Sek| n~kof| t| si m q~injdh sems

\em~q hdoskio| nts odpd~ smlbjd|edmc io/ Vems msskstcd |eitjcmosk(cklsmsi~|ekq hipdhdos| smbdsivm~c qi||knjd m||k|smold `~ih


21/24>=\ilkmjk|s\smocm~c Hm~le >1=>

Qikos moc\odd~

Ckc {it |dd sei|d smlb{ c~d||d|vi~o n{ sei|d f{q|{ fk~j|9 Iod emc

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ni~dc i`ld vi~bd~| si smjb mnits ms sed vmsd~ liijd~/ Ks

vmos| t| si nd pi{dt~|* qikoskof moc |odd~kof ms sed `too{

f{q|kd| ko sedk~ `too{ ljised|/

Sed vek`` i` q~dgtckld emofkof m~itoc ndekoc sed lmhd~m|

ndlmhd hi~d oiskldmnjd vkse sed |skob lmt|dc n{ sed jmsd|s

|d~kd| mcpd~sk|kof lmhqmkfo/ Nkjjnim~c qi|sd~| q~ihk|dc

sems sed |eiv vitjc oiv nd Nkffd~/ @mssd~/ F{q|kd~/ Ko

m lihqjmkos hmcd n{ sed Jiocio S~mpdjjd~| Toks moc svi

hdhnd~| i` sed Jiocio M||dhnj{* ks vm| ~kfesj{ qikosdc its

sems Lemoodj 3 q~inmnj{ vitjcos q~ihisd m q~if~mhhd

m| Gdvk|ed~ i~ njmlbd~/ Ve{ ci sed{ `ddj sed{ lmo fds

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Socialist Standard March 2012