Social Studies 20-2Social Studies 20-2

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Foreign Policy and InternationalismForeign Policy and Internationalism

Key TermsKey Terms

Gross National IncomeGross National Income Tied AidTied Aid

Chapter IssueChapter Issue

Volunteer to read the opening paragraph Volunteer to read the opening paragraph page 223page 223

Respond to the bulleted questionsRespond to the bulleted questions

Setting Foreign PolicySetting Foreign Policy

Read page 224Read page 224 Foreign policy decisions mimic community Foreign policy decisions mimic community

decisions- electing a leader, setting goals, obeying decisions- electing a leader, setting goals, obeying laws and interactions within the communitylaws and interactions within the community

Decisions on whether to enter bilateral or multi-Decisions on whether to enter bilateral or multi-lateral agreements and treaties, to work out ways to lateral agreements and treaties, to work out ways to settle disputes with other nation-states are settle disputes with other nation-states are examples of foreign policy decisionsexamples of foreign policy decisions

These decisions are developed by politicians, These decisions are developed by politicians, diplomats, and experts in foreign relationsdiplomats, and experts in foreign relations

Influences on Foreign Influences on Foreign Policy DecisionsPolicy Decisions

These decisions in military dictatorships are easy These decisions in military dictatorships are easy because the leader makes all the decisions and because the leader makes all the decisions and does not consult with the people of the countrydoes not consult with the people of the country

In democracies, setting foreign policies is more In democracies, setting foreign policies is more complicated because these decisions must reflect complicated because these decisions must reflect the beliefs, values, and goals of its countries the beliefs, values, and goals of its countries citizenscitizens

Of the chart of influences to Canada’s foreign Of the chart of influences to Canada’s foreign policy page 225, which groups(s) do you think have policy page 225, which groups(s) do you think have the most influence?the most influence?

Foreign Policy GoalsForeign Policy Goals

Must reflect the values of CanadiansMust reflect the values of Canadians Enable Canada to develop a blueprint for Enable Canada to develop a blueprint for

the future, then act on itthe future, then act on it

Foreign Policy in a Foreign Policy in a Globalizing WorldGlobalizing World

Read page 226Read page 226 Globalization has changed international politicsGlobalization has changed international politics Multi-national corporations, as well as international Multi-national corporations, as well as international

business, labour and humanitarian organizations have business, labour and humanitarian organizations have become more important that the role of countriesbecome more important that the role of countries

Canada’s foreign affairs are dealt with by the Foreign Canada’s foreign affairs are dealt with by the Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada department- now a Affairs and International Trade Canada department- now a combined cabinet.combined cabinet.

What does that combination reflect in the world?What does that combination reflect in the world? How might joining these two departments affect Canada’s How might joining these two departments affect Canada’s

approach to international trade and foreign policy?approach to international trade and foreign policy?

How can Nation-States Promote How can Nation-States Promote Internationalism Through Foreign Policy?Internationalism Through Foreign Policy?

International Laws and AgreementsInternational Laws and Agreements Signing agreements to meet common Signing agreements to meet common

elementselements PeacekeepingPeacekeeping

Maintaining peace around the worldMaintaining peace around the world Foreign AidForeign Aid

Money to support of developing nationsMoney to support of developing nations

Promoting PeacePromoting Peace

Read page 228Read page 228 Two major foreign policy tools that nation-Two major foreign policy tools that nation-

states use to achieve this goal are:states use to achieve this goal are: Incentives – offering international relations, Incentives – offering international relations,

provided certain conditions are met- Read provided certain conditions are met- Read the FYI page 228the FYI page 228

Sanctions – cutting off relations, such as trade, with Sanctions – cutting off relations, such as trade, with a state until hostile behaviour stops- Example USA a state until hostile behaviour stops- Example USA 50 year trade embargo with Cuba50 year trade embargo with Cuba

Comparing Foreign Policy Comparing Foreign Policy StrategiesStrategies

Use pages 229-233 to complete handout Use pages 229-233 to complete handout 3.10.2 “comparing foreign policy strategies”3.10.2 “comparing foreign policy strategies”

Give an example of the foreign policy strategy, Give an example of the foreign policy strategy, how does using that strategy benefit a how does using that strategy benefit a country’s national interest? How does it country’s national interest? How does it promote Internationalism?- the belief that all promote Internationalism?- the belief that all members of the global community accept the members of the global community accept the collective responsibility for the challenges that collective responsibility for the challenges that face the worldface the world

Peacekeeping and Peacekeeping and InternationalismInternationalism

After World War Two – the world created the United After World War Two – the world created the United Nation and needed an effective way to maintain Nation and needed an effective way to maintain international peace and security – formed the Security international peace and security – formed the Security Council which has the authority to investigate and Council which has the authority to investigate and monitor potential crisesmonitor potential crises

Security Council can use various strategies to Security Council can use various strategies to negotiate solutions:negotiate solutions: Sanctions or in some cases launch military actionSanctions or in some cases launch military action Peacekeeping is the security council’s key military strategyPeacekeeping is the security council’s key military strategy All UN members must make some armed forces available for All UN members must make some armed forces available for

peace keeping missions but every nation has the right to peace keeping missions but every nation has the right to determine which mission to partake indetermine which mission to partake in

Being a PeacekeeperBeing a Peacekeeper

Only go in when fighting has stopped-to Only go in when fighting has stopped-to monitor a ceasefiremonitor a ceasefire

Protect humanitarian workersProtect humanitarian workers Troops must follow these guidelines:Troops must follow these guidelines:

Consent – respect the country they are inConsent – respect the country they are in Impartiality – must not take sidesImpartiality – must not take sides Self-defence – may use force only to defend Self-defence – may use force only to defend

themselvesthemselves

International Law and International Law and AgreementsAgreements

UN International Court of Justice ( World UN International Court of Justice ( World Court ) – interprets laws and tries to Court ) – interprets laws and tries to settle disputes between countries settle disputes between countries peacefully, because often foreign policies peacefully, because often foreign policies may conflict.may conflict.

International Law of the International Law of the SeaSea

Rules for the high seas – parts of the Rules for the high seas – parts of the ocean that lie beyond the territorial ocean that lie beyond the territorial waters of any country ( outside 22 km )waters of any country ( outside 22 km )

Countries have the sole right to control Countries have the sole right to control fishing, mining and the environment in an fishing, mining and the environment in an area up to 370 km from their coastarea up to 370 km from their coast

Foreign Aid and Foreign Aid and InternationalismInternationalism

0.7 percent solution0.7 percent solution Countries spend 0.7% of their gross national Countries spend 0.7% of their gross national

income on foreign aid ( total value of goods income on foreign aid ( total value of goods and services produced by a country in a and services produced by a country in a year)year)

Not everyone complies with this numberNot everyone complies with this number Some countries believe the money could be Some countries believe the money could be

used better elsewhereused better elsewhere

Criticism of Foreign Aid Criticism of Foreign Aid PoliciesPolicies

Please read page 235Please read page 235 Competing MotivesCompeting Motives

Countries may use money to prop up a weak government in order to Countries may use money to prop up a weak government in order to protect their interestsprotect their interests

Tied AidTied Aid Aid with strings attachedAid with strings attached

Lack of consultationLack of consultation Aid not appropriate for the culture of the countryAid not appropriate for the culture of the country

Complex Delivery SystemsComplex Delivery Systems Too many hands in the pot – confusionToo many hands in the pot – confusion

BureaucracyBureaucracy To many layers of government delays the people who need the aid – To many layers of government delays the people who need the aid –

getting itgetting it CorruptionCorruption

Officials in receiving countries sometimes seize money and supplies Officials in receiving countries sometimes seize money and supplies instead of distributinginstead of distributing

Brain Drain- working for the aid agencies instead of starting their own Brain Drain- working for the aid agencies instead of starting their own business’sbusiness’s

Perspectives on Foreign AidPerspectives on Foreign Aid

Please read page 236Please read page 236 Identify the concerns expressed by each Identify the concerns expressed by each

speaker or writerspeaker or writer

Canadian Foreign PolicyCanadian Foreign Policy

Please read page 237, 240-241Please read page 237, 240-241 Canada has to choose its foreign policies Canada has to choose its foreign policies

wisely. DO they reflect internationalism or wisely. DO they reflect internationalism or do they reflect nationalism?do they reflect nationalism?

Land mines and foreign Land mines and foreign PolicyPolicyBanning Land minesBanning Land mines How is banning land How is banning land

mines an example of mines an example of foreign policy?foreign policy?

Ottawa TreatyOttawa Treaty

In 1997 Lloyd Axworthy (Canadian foreign affairs In 1997 Lloyd Axworthy (Canadian foreign affairs minister) took action.minister) took action.

He organized an international meeting to ban the He organized an international meeting to ban the use of landmines and remove existing ones.use of landmines and remove existing ones.

By mid-2007 157 countries had signed the treaty.By mid-2007 157 countries had signed the treaty. How does Canada’s leadership on the issue of How does Canada’s leadership on the issue of

landmines show its commitment to landmines show its commitment to internationalism?internationalism?

Chapter 10 quizChapter 10 quiz

Tomorrow!Tomorrow!