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Stratification

Referred as to the “hierarchy of inequality”.

-can be viewed as functional for the social order.-can also cause conflict, however different social strata

with opposing interests can clash with one another over goals and resources.

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1. Economic dimension

2. Power dimension

Refers to the inequalities in the distribution of material products, resources and even the control of means of production.

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Refers to inequality of chances the individuals are afforded to impose and realize their own will on communal action even against the resistance of others who are participating in the action.

3. Prestige dimension

Is the distinction or reputation arising from success, achievement, rank or wealth.

It is defined as a “relative value ascribed to a status irrespective of who occupies it”.

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Estate Stratification system Was associated with feudal societies during the

Middle Ages and this was based on the family’s relation to land.

Caste Stratification system As ascribed at birth. Castes are hereditary systems

of ranks, usually dictated on the basis of religious belief.

Is very rigid- close system.

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Class Stratification System Is a social based primarily on economic position

and based on various closely related factors-wealth, the power derived from wealth, and “life chances” to improve an individual’s income.

Are marked by unequal distribution of wealth and power.

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Karl Marx, as a revolutionary and social scientist, was interested in stratification in all types of human societies. He focused his primary concern on the working class. Marx observed that social relations in any given period depend, to a great extent, on those who control the basic mode of economic production.

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Bourgeoisie or the capitalist class

Who owns the means of production.

Proletariat

The working class.

the class of wage-earning workers in society.

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Max Weber, a German sociologist, held that no single characteristic(such as class) totally defines an individual’s position within the stratification system.

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Class

Refer to people who have similar levels of wealth and incomes.

Status

Refer to people have the same prestige or lifestyle, independent of their class positions.

Power

Is the ability to exercise one’s will over others.

Normally stems from membership in an influential group.

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Refers to movement up or down the socio-economic ladder. As

members occupy relative positions or rank, social mobility

can be measured by assessing the degree of success or failure

people experienced in a lifetime.

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social advancement: the ability or desire to move to a higher social class and acquire greater wealth, power, or status.

movement to lower status: movement to a lower status, social class, or income bracket.

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As a movement of an individual from one social position to another of the same rank.

Refers to the movement of an individual from one social position to another 0f a different rank.

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Involves changes in social position of children relative to their parents.

embraces changes in an individual’s social position within his adult life.

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In one society, class is determined by material possession; in another, education and occupation ; while in others, prestige and esteem.

Generally, it may be assumed that one’s position or class is determined by wealth, income, education, and occupation. Even if the perception is that wealthy people are given recognition in every society, wealth alone is not a clear indicator of social class.

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