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Social Reform #7
Early Civil Rights MovementAfrican Americans were still fighting for basic rights guaranteed to them in the Constitution
Problems African Americans Faced
• Voter Restrictions– Poll Tax – Pay a fee to vote
– Literacy Test – prove you could read & write to vote
– Grandfather Clause – exempts a group of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before law was passed
Problems African Americans Faced
• Jim Crow Laws – System of laws that segregated public services by race
Problems African Americans Faced
• Plessy v. Ferguson – “Separate but Equal” (1896)– Supreme Court ruled
against Homer Plessy saying segregation was legal as long as separate facilities were equal
Problems African Americans Faced
• Lynching – mob’s illegal seizure & execution of a person, usually by hanging
African American Leaders
• Booker T. Washington – encouraged African Americans to become educated & learn a trade
• Wanted to work slowly and diligently towards rights – nothing radical
African American Leaders
• W.E.B. DuBois – encouraged Top 10% of African Americans to attend college & become leaders;
Also started the N.A.A.C.P.
African American Leaders
• NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People–Worked through courts to gain
equal rights for African Am.
Our Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
• Republican• Youngest President• Took office after
McKinley was assassinated
• BIG PERSONALITY
What Does TR Do?
• Led fight to dissolve 40 monopolies and became known as “trust buster“
• Promised a “Square Deal" or a fair shake for the average citizen – it includes:– regulation of railroad rates and pure
foods and drugs. – promotion of the conservation
movement, emphasizing efficient use of natural resources.
William Howard Taft
• Republican• Promised to
continue TR’s ideas• Tried but lacked
TR’s energy
Our Progressive Presidents
William Taft• Initiated 80 antitrust suits (more than
TR!)• Established the Interstate Commerce
Commission to set railroad rates• Submitted to the states amendments
for a Federal income tax and the direct election of Senators
1912 Election
Woodrow Wilson• Anti-trust legislation
established a Federal Trade Commission to prohibit unfair business practices.
• Laws prohibiting child labor; another limited railroad workers to an eight-hour day.
Our Progressive Presidents